Cross-LinguistiC Patterns of Linking
... 2. If the predicate has no activity predicate in its LS, it is undergoer. These principles correctly predict the transitivity of the verbs from Brazilian Portuguese and English discussed above. (The LSs for the Brazilian Portuguese verbs are [do´ (x, Ø)] CAUSE [BECOME closed´ (y)] for fechar ‘close’ ...
... 2. If the predicate has no activity predicate in its LS, it is undergoer. These principles correctly predict the transitivity of the verbs from Brazilian Portuguese and English discussed above. (The LSs for the Brazilian Portuguese verbs are [do´ (x, Ø)] CAUSE [BECOME closed´ (y)] for fechar ‘close’ ...
Participles, gerunds and syntactic categories
... Within LFG, there is no concept of intermediate categories: there is a finite inventory of distinct lexical categories, and every lexical word must belong to exactly one category.2 The different lexical categories are not unrelated; for example, Bresnan et al. (2016, 103) propose that the major lexi ...
... Within LFG, there is no concept of intermediate categories: there is a finite inventory of distinct lexical categories, and every lexical word must belong to exactly one category.2 The different lexical categories are not unrelated; for example, Bresnan et al. (2016, 103) propose that the major lexi ...
The Syntax of Small Clause Predication
... Now, going back to the external argument of the lexical head X, we can see in (1) that this argument has to be null in a CSCl, that is, it must be either a PRO or a pro. The former will show up if this argument cannot check Case within the functional domain of X, namely somewhere between the XP-proj ...
... Now, going back to the external argument of the lexical head X, we can see in (1) that this argument has to be null in a CSCl, that is, it must be either a PRO or a pro. The former will show up if this argument cannot check Case within the functional domain of X, namely somewhere between the XP-proj ...
Logical and typological arguments for Radical
... Langacker does not use this term in his book). The syntax-lexicon continuum is a salient distinguishing feature of vanilla construction grammar in contrast to syntactic theories in the generative tradition, which divides up different formal structures into separate grammatical components (Croft 2001 ...
... Langacker does not use this term in his book). The syntax-lexicon continuum is a salient distinguishing feature of vanilla construction grammar in contrast to syntactic theories in the generative tradition, which divides up different formal structures into separate grammatical components (Croft 2001 ...
Lexical Nature of Syntactic Ambiguity Resolution
... morphological, syntactic, and text or discourse levels . At any been realized in interactive-activation models (e .g., Elman & given point in a sentence, the available information can be amMcClelland, 1984). In the fourth section, we show that the same biguous at many levels . To take a simple examp ...
... morphological, syntactic, and text or discourse levels . At any been realized in interactive-activation models (e .g., Elman & given point in a sentence, the available information can be amMcClelland, 1984). In the fourth section, we show that the same biguous at many levels . To take a simple examp ...
as Adobe PDF - Edinburgh Research Explorer
... called a hyponym and the more general word is the superordinate which are also referred to as hyperonyms or hypernyms, although the latter is dispreferred as in non-rhotic dialects of English it is homophonic with hyponym. Where the words being classified according to this relation are nouns, one ca ...
... called a hyponym and the more general word is the superordinate which are also referred to as hyperonyms or hypernyms, although the latter is dispreferred as in non-rhotic dialects of English it is homophonic with hyponym. Where the words being classified according to this relation are nouns, one ca ...
Compositionality Part 1: Basic ideas and definitions
... Compositionality is not vague or mysterious We will establish the following: Given a language L with a ‘reasonable’ syntax that identifies parts of complex expressions, and given an assignment µ of semantic values (‘meanings’) to expressions, the question whether µ is compositional or not is not vag ...
... Compositionality is not vague or mysterious We will establish the following: Given a language L with a ‘reasonable’ syntax that identifies parts of complex expressions, and given an assignment µ of semantic values (‘meanings’) to expressions, the question whether µ is compositional or not is not vag ...
A multi-modular approach to gradual change in
... semantics in the analysis of their interaction. In Autolexical Grammar (Sadock 1991, Yuasa 2005) and similar multimodular theories such as Parallel Architecture (Jackendoff 2002, Culicover & Jackendoff 2005), grammatical phenomena are systematically sorted out into syntactic and semantic modules. Some ...
... semantics in the analysis of their interaction. In Autolexical Grammar (Sadock 1991, Yuasa 2005) and similar multimodular theories such as Parallel Architecture (Jackendoff 2002, Culicover & Jackendoff 2005), grammatical phenomena are systematically sorted out into syntactic and semantic modules. Some ...
Intonation - UCLA Linguistics
... language family spoken in south-central Oklahoma, the reverse pattern is found. That is, pitch falls at the end of a yes±no question and rises at the end of a statement. Languages also differ in terms of sentence-medial pitch patterns. This depends on the intonational groupings within a sentence and ...
... language family spoken in south-central Oklahoma, the reverse pattern is found. That is, pitch falls at the end of a yes±no question and rises at the end of a statement. Languages also differ in terms of sentence-medial pitch patterns. This depends on the intonational groupings within a sentence and ...
MORPHOLOGY, DIVIDED AND CONQUERED?
... extends to the category P or not (downward, inward, seaward, …). Derivational affixes are widely said to ‘change the category of the open class host’ and/or to ‘give rise to a new word different in nature from the host’. ...
... extends to the category P or not (downward, inward, seaward, …). Derivational affixes are widely said to ‘change the category of the open class host’ and/or to ‘give rise to a new word different in nature from the host’. ...
A Realistic Transformational Grammar
... indeed have content in that it refers to the question as to whether constructions which are suited to the description of one form of verbal behavior (intuitive judgments ) are equally suited to the description of other verbal processes (the comprehension and retention of sentences, etc.). (vol . 3, ...
... indeed have content in that it refers to the question as to whether constructions which are suited to the description of one form of verbal behavior (intuitive judgments ) are equally suited to the description of other verbal processes (the comprehension and retention of sentences, etc.). (vol . 3, ...
Distributional Properties and Endocentricity of English Gerunds
... sometimes a derived noun and other times a verbal gerund (or some kind of VP)? There is no harm, theory-internally or empirically, in organizing grammar this way since many derived nominals share the same phonological form with their root lexeme. There are numerous examples of this kind, which are m ...
... sometimes a derived noun and other times a verbal gerund (or some kind of VP)? There is no harm, theory-internally or empirically, in organizing grammar this way since many derived nominals share the same phonological form with their root lexeme. There are numerous examples of this kind, which are m ...
- MIT Press Journals
... Constraint-based PSGs such as HPSG appeal to coindexation and feature passing via unification, rather than movement, to deal with such processes. HPSG also makes the commitment that inflectional morphology is internal to the lexicon, handled either by lexical rules (Pollard and Sag 1994) or by lexic ...
... Constraint-based PSGs such as HPSG appeal to coindexation and feature passing via unification, rather than movement, to deal with such processes. HPSG also makes the commitment that inflectional morphology is internal to the lexicon, handled either by lexical rules (Pollard and Sag 1994) or by lexic ...
1 All in a Day`s Week1 Miriam R.L. Petrucki and Hans C. Boasii
... identified. A frame is any system of concepts related in such a way that to understand any one concept it is necessary to understand the entire system; introducing any one concept results in all of them becoming available. In Frame Semantics, word meaning is characterized in terms of experience-base ...
... identified. A frame is any system of concepts related in such a way that to understand any one concept it is necessary to understand the entire system; introducing any one concept results in all of them becoming available. In Frame Semantics, word meaning is characterized in terms of experience-base ...
The Meanings of Connectives
... or can be referred to truth-tables. Moreover, truth-tables have confirmed for many textbook authors that there are two meanings of or in English, the meaning corresponding to the truthconditions of 1110 disjunction (∨), and that corresponding to the truth-conditions of 0110 disjunction (∨ __ or xor) ...
... or can be referred to truth-tables. Moreover, truth-tables have confirmed for many textbook authors that there are two meanings of or in English, the meaning corresponding to the truthconditions of 1110 disjunction (∨), and that corresponding to the truth-conditions of 0110 disjunction (∨ __ or xor) ...
Categorial Grammar and the Semantics of Contextual Prepositional
... The category itself can be thought of as defining a directionally specified function, with the category to the right of a slash defining the syntactic type of an argument, and that to the left defining the syntactic type of the result. 3 The colon “:” pairs the category with an interpretation. Such ...
... The category itself can be thought of as defining a directionally specified function, with the category to the right of a slash defining the syntactic type of an argument, and that to the left defining the syntactic type of the result. 3 The colon “:” pairs the category with an interpretation. Such ...
Язык. Константы. Переменные - Observatoire de linguistique
... Since the classic paper Keenan 1976, the SyntSubj has been understood as a cluster concept defined inductively. Thus, in Keenan’s view, the notion of SyntSubj is based on 1) some intuitively clear cases in the simplest sentences possible — canonical SyntSubjs, and on 2) a list of cross-linguisticall ...
... Since the classic paper Keenan 1976, the SyntSubj has been understood as a cluster concept defined inductively. Thus, in Keenan’s view, the notion of SyntSubj is based on 1) some intuitively clear cases in the simplest sentences possible — canonical SyntSubjs, and on 2) a list of cross-linguisticall ...
Multilingual Lexical Representation
... The path equation induced by the human-tllnk will ensure that translation equivalent words denote individuals of the same (natural) gender. 2 The use of a commontype system makes it easier to express such relationships, although it is not essential, provided that comparable information is encoded in ...
... The path equation induced by the human-tllnk will ensure that translation equivalent words denote individuals of the same (natural) gender. 2 The use of a commontype system makes it easier to express such relationships, although it is not essential, provided that comparable information is encoded in ...
as a PDF
... Chunk parsing is by now a standard technique to effectively and reliably pre-structure language data for further linguistic annotation. Non-recursive phrases (chunks) are recognized using syntactic restrictions of the composition of the chunks before attachment problems and verbargument structure ar ...
... Chunk parsing is by now a standard technique to effectively and reliably pre-structure language data for further linguistic annotation. Non-recursive phrases (chunks) are recognized using syntactic restrictions of the composition of the chunks before attachment problems and verbargument structure ar ...
Version 1 - Rutgers Optimality Archive
... Which representations does an OT syntax system actually need? I follow Jackendoff (1997) who summarises the traditional point of view of what grammars are doing: he claims that there are three representations, a semantic one, a syntactic one and a phonological one, and it is their correspondence tha ...
... Which representations does an OT syntax system actually need? I follow Jackendoff (1997) who summarises the traditional point of view of what grammars are doing: he claims that there are three representations, a semantic one, a syntactic one and a phonological one, and it is their correspondence tha ...
Version 1 - Rutgers Optimality Archive
... Modern standard Persian is a predominantly verb-final language; that is, its basic unmarked word order is SOV. However, variations to this basic word order do occur in informal spoken form of the language, in particular, the occurrence of VO sequences. This variation means that Persian generally has ...
... Modern standard Persian is a predominantly verb-final language; that is, its basic unmarked word order is SOV. However, variations to this basic word order do occur in informal spoken form of the language, in particular, the occurrence of VO sequences. This variation means that Persian generally has ...
Adversative conjunction choice in Russian ( no, da, odnako
... method to lexical and syntactic variation has been controversial (e.g., Cheshire, 1987; Lavandera, 1978). Much of the criticism has been leveled against the notion of the linguistic variable as applied to levels above morphophonology. Labov (1966) originally defined the linguistic variable as a set ...
... method to lexical and syntactic variation has been controversial (e.g., Cheshire, 1987; Lavandera, 1978). Much of the criticism has been leveled against the notion of the linguistic variable as applied to levels above morphophonology. Labov (1966) originally defined the linguistic variable as a set ...
3. - DROPS
... aims to integrate the knowledge from computational linguistics into computer-assisted language learning (CALL). REAP.PT is a project emerging from this new field, aiming to teach Portuguese in an innovative and appealing way, and adapted to each student. In this paper, we present a new improvement o ...
... aims to integrate the knowledge from computational linguistics into computer-assisted language learning (CALL). REAP.PT is a project emerging from this new field, aiming to teach Portuguese in an innovative and appealing way, and adapted to each student. In this paper, we present a new improvement o ...
Implementation of Argumentation as Process in Theoretical Linguistics
... and functionalist theories, specifically "in the light of the distinction which has been proposed between ‘corpusbased’ and ‘corpus-driven’ approaches". Butler argued "that functional theories must take on board the findings of corpus-driven linguistics if they are to fulfil the aims they set for th ...
... and functionalist theories, specifically "in the light of the distinction which has been proposed between ‘corpusbased’ and ‘corpus-driven’ approaches". Butler argued "that functional theories must take on board the findings of corpus-driven linguistics if they are to fulfil the aims they set for th ...
This opposition reveals a special category, the category
... Morphemes are commonly classified into free (those which can occur as separate words) and bound. A word consisting of a single (free) morpheme is monomorphemic, its opposite is polymorphemic. According to their meaning and, function morphemfes are subdivided into lexical (roots), lexico-grammatical ...
... Morphemes are commonly classified into free (those which can occur as separate words) and bound. A word consisting of a single (free) morpheme is monomorphemic, its opposite is polymorphemic. According to their meaning and, function morphemfes are subdivided into lexical (roots), lexico-grammatical ...