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CS 432 Computer Networks - Rose
CS 432 Computer Networks - Rose

... protocol used by web browsers and servers protocols that only retransmit packets that were lost or corrupted sending multiple packets without waiting for acknowledgments server checks modification date of requested object; if client has latest version then no object is sent TCP retransmits a missing ...
DVTEL Latitude 6 Introduction to Networking
DVTEL Latitude 6 Introduction to Networking

... what’s changed info. Thus the overall file size & bandwidth is much less. The Latitude software allows the setting of the interval between the I frames. The I frames do not contain any motion information which is significant for Video Motion Detection at low ...
LAN - Redbrick
LAN - Redbrick

... wires, one pair for receive data signals and the other pair for transmit data signals. • Most popular wiring is unshielded twisted-pair. – The two wires in each pair of the cable must be twisted together for the entire length of the segment, and kept twisted to within approximately 1/2 inch of any c ...
Jaringan Komputer Dasar
Jaringan Komputer Dasar

...  The physical topology is an arrangement of the nodes and the physical connections between them. The representation of how the media is used to interconnect the devices is the physical topology.  A logical topology is the way a network transfers frames from one node to the next. This arrangement c ...
Chapter two - UniMAP Portal
Chapter two - UniMAP Portal

... Their purpose is to provide a switching facility that will move the data from node to node until they reach their destination (the end device). • A collection of nodes and connections forms a communications network. • In a switched communications network, data entering the network from a station are ...
ATM
ATM

... • CPI: Common part indicator is a filling byte (of value 0). This field is to be used in the future for layer management message indication. • Length: Length of the user information without the Pad (65535).216  1 • CRC: CRC-32. Used to allow identification of corrupted transmission. ...
UNIT 5. Instruction to Computer Networks
UNIT 5. Instruction to Computer Networks

... Internet Protocol (IP协议) :One of the most important protocols Uses connectionless(无连接) delivery – it does not guarantee delivery ...
IOSR Journal of Electronics & Communication Engineering (IOSR-JECE) ISSN : www.iosrjournals.org
IOSR Journal of Electronics & Communication Engineering (IOSR-JECE) ISSN : www.iosrjournals.org

... bidirectional links. The alternative reply mechanism for unidirectional links is not considered here.) Otherwise, it is an intermediate node. If the node has not seen this request before and has a route to the destination in its cache table, it creates a route reply packet with the route from its ca ...
Example # 1
Example # 1

... If the M bit is 1, it means that there is at least one more fragment. This fragment can be the first one or a middle one, but not the last one. We don’t know if it is the first one or a middle one; we need more information (the value of the fragmentation offset). 2. A packet has arrived with an M bi ...
parmon
parmon

... PARMON successfully used in monitoring PARAM OpenFrame Supercomputer, which is a cluster of 48 Ultra-4 workstations running SUN-Solaris operating system. Portable across platforms supporting Java Comprehensive monitoring support and GUI PARMON supports Solaris and Linux clusters and planned for supp ...
View
View

...  Privacy or security(every message travels along a dedicated line, only the intended recipient sees it. Physical boundaries prevents other user from gaining access the message  eliminating the traffic problems. The use of dedicated links guarantees that each connection can carry its own data load; ...
Layer 2 Routing Tutorial
Layer 2 Routing Tutorial

... Classic IP uses IP addresses to perform the routing between hosts on different subnets Mechanisms (eg Neighbor Discovery) designed with the assumption that IP multicast will work over link-local scope But this simple model breaks down if the underlying media doesn’t allow all hosts in a subnet to se ...
Module 9
Module 9

... • keep routing tables as lean as possible Router can forward packets destined to any Internet host without having to maintain entry for every Internet network ...
Chap5
Chap5

... Bridges: traffic isolation • Bridge installation breaks LAN into LAN segments • bridges filter packets: – same-LAN-segment frames not usually ...
ETHERNET history
ETHERNET history

... Gary Marret, RCDD ...
ppt
ppt

... •ICMP message generation has a poor timestamp resolution (the two median within 2ms of each other – One from TCPDump on planet lab and one from TULIP). •Forward path shows that queuing delay is consistent (very few negative values) •Round trip reflects the variability in the return path ...
Ao-Jan
Ao-Jan

... Send packet “p” from host “A” to host “B” ...
COA2011PKP-6 - coapkp-ukm
COA2011PKP-6 - coapkp-ukm

... Communicate between the LANs is enabled only when necessary Overall range of the network can be extended beyond the limits of a single LAN Can be viewed as a large LAN where each node is itself a LAN Intranets – an organizational network where user interfaces and applications are primarily based on ...
IP_review
IP_review

... designer needs to calculate how many hosts the largest subnetwork requires and the number of subnetworks needed. ...
Introduction
Introduction

... designer needs to calculate how many hosts the largest subnetwork requires and the number of subnetworks needed. ...
Ethernet
Ethernet

... 串聯線 ...
Cisco – Chapter 11 - YSU Computer Science & Information
Cisco – Chapter 11 - YSU Computer Science & Information

... – Used to connect separate networks and to access WWW – Provide end-to-end routing ...
final_review
final_review

... The task of communication is to send data from one entity to another entity. The complexity of the communication task is reduced by using multiple protocol layers. Each protocol is implemented independently  Each protocol is responsible for a specific subtask ...
Chapter 14
Chapter 14

... Network layer addresses ...
slides
slides

... • Otherwise, not efficient. ...
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IEEE 802.1aq

Shortest Path Bridging (SPB), specified in the IEEE 802.1aq standard, is a computer networking technology intended to simplify the creation and configuration of networks, while enabling multipath routing.For non-experts, or non-technical readers SPB is an IEEE standard that combines many functions of routing, bridging, load balancing (link aggregration, multi-chassis link aggregation, equal-cost multi-path routing, network virtualization) and tunneling (virtual routing and forwarding, stealth networks, layer-2 virtual service networks (L2VSN), and layer-3 virtual service networks (L3VSN)) into a single easy to configure protocol, which can yield a variety of benefits such as better fault tolerance, increased bandwidth, and improved security.Shortest Path Bridging is the replacement for the older spanning tree protocols (STP) (spanning tree protocol IEEE 802.1D, rapid spanning tree protocol (RSTP) IEEE 802.1w, multiple spanning tree protocol (MSTP) IEEE 802.1s) that permitted only a single path toward the root bridge and blocked any redundant paths that could result in a layer 2 loop. SPB allows all paths to be active with multiple equal cost paths, and provides much larger layer 2 topologies (up to 16 million compared to the traditional virtual local area network (VLAN) limit of 4,096 specified in the IEEE standard 802.1Q). It also supports faster convergence times, and improves the efficiency of the mesh topologies through increased bandwidth and redundancy between all devices, allowing traffic to load share across all paths of a mesh network. To enhance resiliency in the access layer SPB can also be integrated with link aggregation functions, such as standards-based link aggregation (IEEE 802.1AX) and proprietary multi-chassis link aggregation (MC-LAG) implementations.The technology provides logical Ethernet networks on native Ethernet infrastructures using a link state protocol to advertise both topology and logical network membership. Packets are encapsulated at the edge either in media access control-in-media access control (MAC-in-MAC) 802.1ah or tagged 802.1Q/802.1ad frames and transported only to other members of the logical network. Unicast, multicast, and broadcast are supported and all routing is on a symmetric shortest paths.The control plane is based on the Intermediate System to Intermediate System (IS-IS), leveraging a small number of extensions defined in Request for Comments(RFC) 6329.
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