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link-mac - Zoo
link-mac - Zoo

... • after second collision: choose K from {0,1,2,3}… • after ten or more collisions, choose K from ...
1 LAN Topologies - theParticle.com
1 LAN Topologies - theParticle.com

... Normally, the hub retransmits data to all the connected stations. If a switch is used, it can learn to only send data to the destination station. It does that by first operating like a regular hub, and then observing and recording which addresses appear on which interfaces. If the star uses a hub, t ...
Proceedings of the 7th Annual ISC Graduate Research Symposium ISC-GRS 2013
Proceedings of the 7th Annual ISC Graduate Research Symposium ISC-GRS 2013

... overlay network wherein the nodes of the system are not physically connected to each other but they designed in such a way that virtual links are formed between them. These virtual links help in structuring and designing a better overlay network. These links help in performing the operations like da ...
E43032231
E43032231

... Immediately data will be transfer if any problem between the sending and receiving nodes (i.e.) link failure .Previous node act as the header and the maintain the loop around the neighboring node finding the most energy efficient path to reach the destination. This is the main concepts of this proje ...
Routing-distancevector
Routing-distancevector

... • Solution 2: Never advertise the cost to a neighbor if this neighbor is the next hop on the current path (Split Horizon) – Example: A would not send the first routing update to B, since B is the next hop on A’s current route to C – Split Horizon does not solve count-to-infinity in all cases! ...
Pre-Recover from a Node Failure in Ad hoc Network Using
Pre-Recover from a Node Failure in Ad hoc Network Using

... send a message to some destination node. In first route request will be send to all the nodes. Each node will maintain its own sequence number, as well as the broadcast ID. The broadcast ID is incremented for every Route Request (RREQ) the node initiates and together with the node’s IP address, uniq ...
Customizable Resource Management for Value
Customizable Resource Management for Value

... » Avoids unnecessary work where large packets are fragmented multiple times » If any fragment missing, delete entire packet ...
presentation source
presentation source

... Basically a multi-port repeater Ethernet limits repeaters to 4 per segment Each hub counts as a single repeater Modern hubs usually have a way to connect them without incurring a repeater hop – Hubs being replaced by inexpensive switches – I wouldn’t suggest a hub except in the most trivial network ...
ppt
ppt

... »feedback from transport sender used by Bullet to adjust rates at which it attempts to send to children 4-‹#› - Jon Turner - 8/3/2017 ...
IOSR Journal of Electronics and Communication Engineering (IOSR-JECE)
IOSR Journal of Electronics and Communication Engineering (IOSR-JECE)

... another hybrid protocol scheme utilizing AODV and DSDV where each node maintains a single shared routing table for both DSDV and for AODV resulting in reduced routing load compared to DSDV and reduced packet transmission delay compared to AODV as the number of nodes grows in the network. This also s ...
IOSR Journal of Electronics and Communication Engineering (IOSR-JECE)
IOSR Journal of Electronics and Communication Engineering (IOSR-JECE)

... integrity, and port numbers for addressing different functions at the source and destination of the datagram. With UDP, computer applications can send messages, in this case referred to as datagram’s, to other hosts on an Internet Protocol (IP) to communications to set up special transmission channe ...
Geometric Ad-Hoc Routing: Of Theory and Practice
Geometric Ad-Hoc Routing: Of Theory and Practice

... reverse themselves n2 times! • That’s why some researchers proposed partial link reversal, where nodes only reverse links that were not reversed before. • However, it was shown by Busch et al. that in the extreme case also partial link reversal is not efficient, it may in fact even worse be than reg ...
IOSR Journal of Electronics and Communication Engineering (IOSR-JECE) ISSN: , PP: 39-43 www.iosrjournals.org
IOSR Journal of Electronics and Communication Engineering (IOSR-JECE) ISSN: , PP: 39-43 www.iosrjournals.org

... arise because enterprises need to retain control over their own VLAN administration (such as assigning Q-tags to VLANs), and over a shared infrastructure the service provider must control this to ensure that one customer’s Q-tags do not overlap with another’s. Also, because the Q-tag consists of a 1 ...
No Slide Title
No Slide Title

... • Enables load balancing by allowing traffic to be split evenly across routes with equal cost • Type-of-Service routing allows to setup different routes dependent on the TOS field • Supports subnetting • Supports multicasting • Allows hierarchical routing ...
Energy Efficient Differentiable Coverage Service Protocol for
Energy Efficient Differentiable Coverage Service Protocol for

... Differentiable Coverage Service Protocols NCP (Neighbor-Based Coverage Protocol) GCP (Grid-Based Coverage Protocol) ...
Lecture4_Networking_..
Lecture4_Networking_..

...  www.google.com  www.yahoo.com  www.cnn.com ...
network-layer.bak
network-layer.bak

... multicast group concept: use of indirection  hosts addresses IP datagram to multicast group  routers forward multicast datagrams to hosts that have “joined” that multicast group ...
The Term Paper for CS171 - Stuff Yaron Finds Interesting
The Term Paper for CS171 - Stuff Yaron Finds Interesting

... There are two issues that make the magazine distribution problem different from the general multicast problem. The first is that the information being transmitted is high bandwidth but of very low priority. A transmission may be designed to take three to four hours to complete; this is acceptable be ...
Binary Soliton-Like Rateless Coding for the Y
Binary Soliton-Like Rateless Coding for the Y

... Introduction  In today’s telecommunication applications, content can originate ...
1.List The OSI Layers and Explain what each Layer Does? Physical
1.List The OSI Layers and Explain what each Layer Does? Physical

... actual connection has been established. Data transfer can now begin 11. What OSI layer does subnetting take place?Networl Layer 12. What is a disadvantage of connection-oriented protocol?more overhead is used than in connectionless 13.What is the advantages of connectionless protocol? faster transf ...
Non-Transitive Connectivity and DHTs
Non-Transitive Connectivity and DHTs

... not the root for k. It thus forwards the lookup around the ring, and a loop is formed. It should be noted that this problem does not occur in the original version of the Chord protocol, since a node does not forward a lookup request to the target node [25]; instead the predecessor of the target nod ...
ppt
ppt

... Forwarding: select an output port based on destination address and routing table Routing: process by which routing table is built.. … so that the series of local forwarding decisions takes the packet to the destination with very high probability … the path chosen/allotted to the packet is effici ...
Networking - bu people
Networking - bu people

AV200 Powerline Ethernet Wall Mount
AV200 Powerline Ethernet Wall Mount

QoS Networking Requirements
QoS Networking Requirements

... • Specifies how packets with a given service should be treated by network elements along the path • General set of parameters ...
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IEEE 802.1aq

Shortest Path Bridging (SPB), specified in the IEEE 802.1aq standard, is a computer networking technology intended to simplify the creation and configuration of networks, while enabling multipath routing.For non-experts, or non-technical readers SPB is an IEEE standard that combines many functions of routing, bridging, load balancing (link aggregration, multi-chassis link aggregation, equal-cost multi-path routing, network virtualization) and tunneling (virtual routing and forwarding, stealth networks, layer-2 virtual service networks (L2VSN), and layer-3 virtual service networks (L3VSN)) into a single easy to configure protocol, which can yield a variety of benefits such as better fault tolerance, increased bandwidth, and improved security.Shortest Path Bridging is the replacement for the older spanning tree protocols (STP) (spanning tree protocol IEEE 802.1D, rapid spanning tree protocol (RSTP) IEEE 802.1w, multiple spanning tree protocol (MSTP) IEEE 802.1s) that permitted only a single path toward the root bridge and blocked any redundant paths that could result in a layer 2 loop. SPB allows all paths to be active with multiple equal cost paths, and provides much larger layer 2 topologies (up to 16 million compared to the traditional virtual local area network (VLAN) limit of 4,096 specified in the IEEE standard 802.1Q). It also supports faster convergence times, and improves the efficiency of the mesh topologies through increased bandwidth and redundancy between all devices, allowing traffic to load share across all paths of a mesh network. To enhance resiliency in the access layer SPB can also be integrated with link aggregation functions, such as standards-based link aggregation (IEEE 802.1AX) and proprietary multi-chassis link aggregation (MC-LAG) implementations.The technology provides logical Ethernet networks on native Ethernet infrastructures using a link state protocol to advertise both topology and logical network membership. Packets are encapsulated at the edge either in media access control-in-media access control (MAC-in-MAC) 802.1ah or tagged 802.1Q/802.1ad frames and transported only to other members of the logical network. Unicast, multicast, and broadcast are supported and all routing is on a symmetric shortest paths.The control plane is based on the Intermediate System to Intermediate System (IS-IS), leveraging a small number of extensions defined in Request for Comments(RFC) 6329.
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