Lecture 9 Analyzing Network Packets
... By default, a class B network address would have a subnet mask of 255.255.0.0, indicating that the upper 16 bits (or first two decimal numbers) are devoted to the network address. The lower 16 bits (or second two decimal numbers) are used to define individual host addresses on the network. Thus, in ...
... By default, a class B network address would have a subnet mask of 255.255.0.0, indicating that the upper 16 bits (or first two decimal numbers) are devoted to the network address. The lower 16 bits (or second two decimal numbers) are used to define individual host addresses on the network. Thus, in ...
embedded systems
... R2: Status Register (SR) The Status Register (SR/R2) is a 16 bit register , and it stores the state and control bits. The system flags are changed automatically by the CPU depending on the result of an operation in a register. The reserved bits of the SR are used to support the constants generator. ...
... R2: Status Register (SR) The Status Register (SR/R2) is a 16 bit register , and it stores the state and control bits. The system flags are changed automatically by the CPU depending on the result of an operation in a register. The reserved bits of the SR are used to support the constants generator. ...
Common High Speed Physical Layer Problems
... Although perfect grounds do not exist, near-perfect ones are good enough. Many CAN transceivers will function with ground differences or ground shifts up to a few volts. While somewhat infrequent, ground shift problems occur more often in systems that use large amounts of current to control large lo ...
... Although perfect grounds do not exist, near-perfect ones are good enough. Many CAN transceivers will function with ground differences or ground shifts up to a few volts. While somewhat infrequent, ground shift problems occur more often in systems that use large amounts of current to control large lo ...
Modeling Networks as Graphs
... NETWORK PROTOCOLS The job of a network is to enable efficient and reliable communication between hosts, and these protocols are mainly designed for solving the problems like Error control, Flow control, Bandwidth limitation. ...
... NETWORK PROTOCOLS The job of a network is to enable efficient and reliable communication between hosts, and these protocols are mainly designed for solving the problems like Error control, Flow control, Bandwidth limitation. ...
Lab 9.2.7 IP Addressing Basics
... There are five classes of IP addresses, A through E. Only the first three classes are used commercially. A Class A network address is discussed in the table to get started. The first column is the class of IP address. The second column is the first octet, which must fall within the range shown for a ...
... There are five classes of IP addresses, A through E. Only the first three classes are used commercially. A Class A network address is discussed in the table to get started. The first column is the class of IP address. The second column is the first octet, which must fall within the range shown for a ...
Sender window includes bytes sent but not acknowledged
... Mechanisms for detecting corrupted segments, lost segments, out-of-order segments, and duplicated segments Tools: checksum (corruption), ACK, and time-out (one timeout counter per segment) Lost segment or corrupted segment are the same situation: segment will be retransmitted after time-out (no N ...
... Mechanisms for detecting corrupted segments, lost segments, out-of-order segments, and duplicated segments Tools: checksum (corruption), ACK, and time-out (one timeout counter per segment) Lost segment or corrupted segment are the same situation: segment will be retransmitted after time-out (no N ...
Discovery 3 Module 4 Quiz
... B. Static NAT allows an unregistered address to map to multiple registered addresses. C. Dynamic NAT allows hosts to receive the same global address each time external access is required. D. PAT uses unique source port numbers to distinguish between translations. 7. Determine, which characteristics ...
... B. Static NAT allows an unregistered address to map to multiple registered addresses. C. Dynamic NAT allows hosts to receive the same global address each time external access is required. D. PAT uses unique source port numbers to distinguish between translations. 7. Determine, which characteristics ...
modul 3 LOCAL AREA NETWORK
... Ethernet employs CSMA to coordinate transmission among multiple computers CSMA (Carrier Sense with Multiple Access) - MA (Multiple Access): multiple computers are attached, any can access bus - CS (Carrier Sense): computer wanting to transmit listen carrier before send wait if medium is busy (anothe ...
... Ethernet employs CSMA to coordinate transmission among multiple computers CSMA (Carrier Sense with Multiple Access) - MA (Multiple Access): multiple computers are attached, any can access bus - CS (Carrier Sense): computer wanting to transmit listen carrier before send wait if medium is busy (anothe ...
Lab 9.2.4 IP Addressing Basics
... There are five classes of IP addresses, A through E. Only the first three classes are used commercially. A Class A network address is discussed in the table to get started. The first column is the class of IP address. The second column is the first octet, which must fall within the range shown for a ...
... There are five classes of IP addresses, A through E. Only the first three classes are used commercially. A Class A network address is discussed in the table to get started. The first column is the class of IP address. The second column is the first octet, which must fall within the range shown for a ...
downloading
... the internetwork (e.g. the Internet) “host part” identifies host on that network Hosts or routers connected to the same link-layer network will have IP addresses with the same network part, but different host part. Host part contains enough bits to address all hosts on that subnet; e.g. 8 bits allow ...
... the internetwork (e.g. the Internet) “host part” identifies host on that network Hosts or routers connected to the same link-layer network will have IP addresses with the same network part, but different host part. Host part contains enough bits to address all hosts on that subnet; e.g. 8 bits allow ...
VLSM Calculation
... The available addresses for the WAN links can be taken from the available addresses in each of the ...
... The available addresses for the WAN links can be taken from the available addresses in each of the ...
Network Layer and IP
... Address classes were too “rigid”. For most organizations, Class C were too small and Class B too big. Led to inefficient use of address space, and a shortage of addresses. Organizations with internal routers needed to have a separate (Class C) network ID for each link. And then every other router in ...
... Address classes were too “rigid”. For most organizations, Class C were too small and Class B too big. Led to inefficient use of address space, and a shortage of addresses. Organizations with internal routers needed to have a separate (Class C) network ID for each link. And then every other router in ...
05-00
... discover all available J2534 devices and choose to connect to. This feature will be especially useful in situations where ...
... discover all available J2534 devices and choose to connect to. This feature will be especially useful in situations where ...
Internet Addresses
... • Assign the hostid field of the IP address to match the machine’s physical address • Physical address can be extracted trivially from the IP address • Example: – Physical address 1, IP address 192.5.48.1 – Physical address 2, IP address 192.5.48.2 – Physical address 3, IP address 192.5.48.3 ...
... • Assign the hostid field of the IP address to match the machine’s physical address • Physical address can be extracted trivially from the IP address • Example: – Physical address 1, IP address 192.5.48.1 – Physical address 2, IP address 192.5.48.2 – Physical address 3, IP address 192.5.48.3 ...
Ethernet - SigmaNet
... cheap $30 for 100Mbs! first widely used LAN technology simpler, cheaper than token LANs and ATM kept up with speed race: 10, 100, 1000, 10000 Mbps wireless options ...
... cheap $30 for 100Mbs! first widely used LAN technology simpler, cheaper than token LANs and ATM kept up with speed race: 10, 100, 1000, 10000 Mbps wireless options ...
Lect13
... • Packets have a uniform, hardware-independent format – Includes header and data. – Can't use format from any particular hardware. • Packets are encapsulated in hardware frames for delivery across each physical network. IP ...
... • Packets have a uniform, hardware-independent format – Includes header and data. – Can't use format from any particular hardware. • Packets are encapsulated in hardware frames for delivery across each physical network. IP ...
Solution - Rab Nawaz Jadoon
... Each station transmits its data in is assigned time slot. In TDMA, the bandwidth is just one channel that is timeshared between different stations. CDMA Code-division multiple access (CDMA) was conceived several decades ago. Recent Advances in electronic technology have finally made its implementati ...
... Each station transmits its data in is assigned time slot. In TDMA, the bandwidth is just one channel that is timeshared between different stations. CDMA Code-division multiple access (CDMA) was conceived several decades ago. Recent Advances in electronic technology have finally made its implementati ...
Protocol management
... propose : to write the system message on log Syslog design similarity with CLI Part of syslog : ...
... propose : to write the system message on log Syslog design similarity with CLI Part of syslog : ...
- Mitra.ac.in
... ‘physical addresses’ used in frame headers to identify source, dest • different from IP address! Reliable delivery between adjacent nodes seldom used on low bit error link (fiber, some twisted pair) wireless links: high error rates • Q: why both link-level and end-end reliability? Flow Con ...
... ‘physical addresses’ used in frame headers to identify source, dest • different from IP address! Reliable delivery between adjacent nodes seldom used on low bit error link (fiber, some twisted pair) wireless links: high error rates • Q: why both link-level and end-end reliability? Flow Con ...
Lab 1.1.4 Calculating VLSM Subnets
... The solution to this VLSM lab is provided in the steps themselves. Students should take the recommended subnetting in each step and build a diagram of the network, showing routers, LANs and WAN links. Each LAN and WAN link should be labeled with the appropriate subnet address and slash number. A sug ...
... The solution to this VLSM lab is provided in the steps themselves. Students should take the recommended subnetting in each step and build a diagram of the network, showing routers, LANs and WAN links. Each LAN and WAN link should be labeled with the appropriate subnet address and slash number. A sug ...
Chapters 1 and 2
... Defining a Protocol • A protocol is an agreement between two parties or endpoints as to how information is to be transmitted • A protocol implements this agreement via: • A Header • How each endpoint responds to control info in the header (& external input) ...
... Defining a Protocol • A protocol is an agreement between two parties or endpoints as to how information is to be transmitted • A protocol implements this agreement via: • A Header • How each endpoint responds to control info in the header (& external input) ...
Link-layer addressing, Ethernet, hubs and switches
... Connection choices: hub or switch (more later) ...
... Connection choices: hub or switch (more later) ...
ARP: Address Resolution Protocol
... • Receive node can adds an MAC address entry for source station in its own cache • ARP traffic load ...
... • Receive node can adds an MAC address entry for source station in its own cache • ARP traffic load ...
Chapter 5 : The Internet: Addressing & Services
... picking the “next available” network layer address from a list of authorized addresses. Dynamic addressing greatly simplifies network management in non-dial-up networks too. ...
... picking the “next available” network layer address from a list of authorized addresses. Dynamic addressing greatly simplifies network management in non-dial-up networks too. ...
I²C
I²C (Inter-Integrated Circuit), pronounced I-squared-C, is a multi-master, multi-slave, single-ended, serial computer bus invented by Philips Semiconductor (now NXP Semiconductors). It is typically used for attaching lower-speed peripheral ICs to processors and microcontrollers. Alternatively I²C is spelled I2C (pronounced I-two-C) or IIC (pronounced I-I-C). Since October 10, 2006, no licensing fees are required to implement the I²C protocol. However, fees are still required to obtain I²C slave addresses allocated by NXP.Several competitors, such as Siemens AG (later Infineon Technologies AG, now Intel mobile communications), NEC, Texas Instruments, STMicroelectronics (formerly SGS-Thomson), Motorola (later Freescale), and Intersil, have introduced compatible I²C products to the market since the mid-1990s.SMBus, defined by Intel in 1995, is a subset of I²C that defines the protocols more strictly. One purpose of SMBus is to promote robustness and interoperability. Accordingly, modern I²C systems incorporate policies and rules from SMBus, sometimes supporting both I²C and SMBus, requiring only minimal reconfiguration.