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S3C2 – LAN Switching
S3C2 – LAN Switching

... • Both bridges and switches connect LAN segments, use a table of MAC addresses to determine the segment on which a datagram needs to be transmitted, and reduce traffic. • Switches are more functional in today’s networks than bridges because they operate at much higher speeds than bridges and can sup ...
Switching and Forwarding
Switching and Forwarding

... X Y Z ...
A Scalable, Commodity Data Center Network Architecture
A Scalable, Commodity Data Center Network Architecture

... • Using same ip on dual homed servers • Allowing growth of server farms. ...
Deployed and Emerging Security Systems for the Internet
Deployed and Emerging Security Systems for the Internet

... – conservative about turning on loops (I was REAL scared of temporary loops) ...
Instant Conferencing Service
Instant Conferencing Service

... Why: Avoid using L2 broadcast when supporting L3 multicast How: Snoop on IGMP packets to infer a L2 distribution tree for an IP multicast group on top of a L2 network’s spanning tree ...
final_review
final_review

... B can decide which ports are in the spanning tree:  B’s root port and all designated ports are part of the spanning tree. Those parts are in forwarding state.  Other ports are not part of the spanning tree. Those ports are in blocking state. Data packets are only broadcasted on spanning tree ports ...
OptiSwitch® MR2226N-2C L2/4 Managed Switch
OptiSwitch® MR2226N-2C L2/4 Managed Switch

... The MR2226N-2C switch prioritizes each packet based on the required level of service, using four priority queues with strict or Weighted Round Robin Queuing. It uses IEEE 802.1p and 802.1Q tags to prioritize incoming traffic based on input from the end-station application. These functions can be use ...
Spanning Tree
Spanning Tree

... Spanning Tree (pros & cons) Pros – If there is a loop in your network it won't take the entire network down Cons – In the past Spanning Tree has slowed Mac logins down - If there is a loop in your network you may not know about it if you don't check your switches *** Recommend using “Rapid Spanning ...
Solution to Assignment #3
Solution to Assignment #3

... b) When B5 chooses the wrong root tree (B2), the tree is not partitioned. Otherwise, LANs A and C are partitioned from the rest of the network. 4. No. The subnet mask can be 255.255.254.0 or 255.255.252.0. Reasons:  From the highest-order byte of the IP address, we know that this is a class B addre ...
TigerStack™ II 10/100
TigerStack™ II 10/100

... TigerSwitch 10/100 can be stacked up to 16 units high with the stacking kit, so that up to 386 ports can be managed under single IP address. The TigerStack II comes with features, including port or protocol based and tagged VLANs, plus support for automatic GVRP VLAN registration provides traffic se ...
15-LANOverview8
15-LANOverview8

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Chapter 3.1
Chapter 3.1

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ppt - NOISE
ppt - NOISE

... • Flooding can lead to forwarding loops and broadcast storms – E.g., if the network contains a cycle of switches – Either accidentally, or by design for higher reliability ...
Class Extra Switching, etc for
Class Extra Switching, etc for

... • Need to learn where to forward frames – Bridge/switch needs to construct a forwarding table – Ideally, without intervention from network ...
CIS222 - Data Communications and Enterprise Networking
CIS222 - Data Communications and Enterprise Networking

... WAP can be used to access any web page on the Internet. VSAT networks require a double hop to be made to a satellite, thus the RTT is double that of conventional satellite networks. Private circuits carrying data over PDH transmission networks suffer occasional frame slips when synchronisation is lo ...
Spanning-Tree Direct VS Indirect Link Failures
Spanning-Tree Direct VS Indirect Link Failures

... STP are applied only to devices connected through a LAN and not to routers. [6] Device failure occurs when a network device fails and thus is unable to forward the packets. The device failure can have a big impact on the network if it occurs in the core layer of the network which connects the whole ...
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... frame with a MAC address that is not within the table? • send frame to all ports except source port ...
L6 - Switching - Duke Computer Science
L6 - Switching - Duke Computer Science

... ports, fabric, and/or output ports • Queuing discipline is very important • Consider FIFO + input port buffering – Only one packet per output port at any time – If multiple packets arrive for port 2, they may block packets to other ports that are free – Head-of-line blocking: can limit throughput to ...
LAN Physical Layer
LAN Physical Layer

... • When a bridge receives a frame on the network, the destination MAC address is looked up in the bridge table to determine whether to filter, flood, or copy the frame onto another segment ...
Gateway
Gateway

... receiver. Does not fill in the destination address correctly. Floods the network. TO solve the problem IEEE requires that bridges use the spanning tree algorithm ...
Module 8 Review
Module 8 Review

... • Each switch in a LAN using STP sends special messages called Bridge Protocol Data Units (BPDUs) out all its ports to let other switches know of its existence and to elect a root bridge for the network. • The switches then use the Spanning-Tree Algorithm (STA) to resolve and shut down the redundant ...
Expl_Sw_chapter_05_STP_Part_II
Expl_Sw_chapter_05_STP_Part_II

... • Preferred protocol for preventing Layer 2 loops. • Cisco-proprietary enhancements, such as UplinkFast and BackboneFast, are not compatible with RSTP. • Retains backward compatibility to 802.1D. • Keeps the same BPDU format as IEEE 802.1D with the version field is set to 2 to indicate RSTP. • Port ...
ppt - NOISE
ppt - NOISE

... • Need to learn where to forward frames – Bridge/switch needs to construct a forwarding table – Ideally, without intervention from network ...
Release notes_1.3
Release notes_1.3

... Secure Sockets Layer (SSL) and Transport Layer Security (TLS) enables the embedded web server of the switch to handle secure HTTP (HTTPS). While these security features of web management may be turned off by the user, the default setting for MNS-BB is ON.  802.1x (Radius Authentication) The IEEE 80 ...
The Medium Access Sublayer
The Medium Access Sublayer

... of presumed root, cost to root. Each bridges starts by believing it is root. • If you get superior information on your presumed root path, forward downstream • If you get inferior information, reply with yours ...
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Spanning Tree Protocol



The Spanning Tree Protocol (STP) is an older network protocol that ensures a loop-free topology for any bridged Ethernet local area network. The basic function of STP is to prevent bridge loops and the broadcast radiation that results from them. Spanning tree also allows a network design to include spare (redundant) links to provide automatic backup paths if an active link fails, without the danger of bridge loops, or the need for manual enabling/disabling of these backup links.Spanning Tree Protocol (STP) was originally standardized as IEEE 802.1D, in 802.1d-1998, but much of the functionality (spanning tree, rapid spanning tree, multiple spanning tree) previously specified in 802.1D, 801.1s, 802.1w has been incorporated into IEEE 802.1Q-2014 which includes shortest path bridging, the IEEE sanctioned replacement for these spanning tree functions.As the name suggests, it creates a spanning tree within a network of connected layer-2 bridges (typically Ethernet switches), and disables those links that are not part of the spanning tree, leaving a single active path between any two network nodes. STP is based on an algorithm that was invented by Radia Perlman while she was working for Digital Equipment Corporation.
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