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Defining `atheism`: a modest proposal
Defining `atheism`: a modest proposal

... exploration of a range of closely related (and sometimes-overlapping) positions vis-a-vis the existence of a God or gods. However, it is not so broad as to become either meaningless or indiscriminate. Rather, it recognizes atheism to be a useful ‘umbrella concept’, but one which permits various shar ...
The Argument from Design & Darwinism
The Argument from Design & Darwinism

... seemed to be the last bastion of a ultimate support for the existence of God. Thus many theists to this day resist the Darwinian view which meanwhile has become the dominant scientific theory within Biology and has ...
What is Metaphysics?
What is Metaphysics?

... • Reality then can consist of Matter – Materialism- Physical Objects are real, due to the evidence gather from the senses and perceptions. It insists that matter alone provides a sufficient explanation of reality;understanding its physical processes id sufficient. • Reality then can consist of Idea ...
Descartes` Three Proofs of God
Descartes` Three Proofs of God

... Indeed, Descartes uses the term “idea” to refer to what we today think of as images. Like most of his successors in the modern period, Descartes holds a representationalist theory of ideas according to which the images that our ideas depict function as the content of our thoughts. As a corollary, h ...
Thomas Aquinas - WordPress.com
Thomas Aquinas - WordPress.com

... about claimed realities, about what is true – The timeless concerns are about whether or not God actually exists objectively, really exists – Our religious questions are about what is “real,” what exists, what is true. • In Aquinas’ time, there were conflicting claims about what constituted “standar ...
19.27 – The Height of Scholastic Philosophy
19.27 – The Height of Scholastic Philosophy

... of the divine essence from which it is presumed to begin. We cannot hope to demonstrate the necessary existence of a being whose true nature we cannot even conceive by direct or positive means. Instead, Aquinas held, we must begin with the sensory experiences we do understand and reason upward from ...
Mike Maxim
Mike Maxim

... somewhat shaped toward human existence which suggests the mind of the Orderer is similar to the mind of humans, although greatly more powerful. The Orderer in this case then is God, and the God is similar to humans. The error in this proof was most famously brought to light by Hume in his Concernin ...
arguments - UCSD Philosophy
arguments - UCSD Philosophy

... By 1,2,3, the cause of the existence of any contingent being must be either an infinite series of contingent beings or a noncontingent being. An infinite series of contingent beings is incapable of providing a sufficient reason for the existence of any being. Therefore, a non-contingent (necessary) ...
July 18th as a powerpoint file (requires Powerpoint)
July 18th as a powerpoint file (requires Powerpoint)

... create a reductio, suppose another proposition to be true. If such a supposition, in conjunction with the original premises, generates a contradiction (using valid rules of deductive inference), you then have good reason to believe that it is false. If the supposition is false, its negation must be ...
YESHIVAT HAR ETZION VIRTUAL BEIT MIDRASH PROJECT(VBM)
YESHIVAT HAR ETZION VIRTUAL BEIT MIDRASH PROJECT(VBM)

... a) He can remain in a completely natural world. Any phenomenon which hints at metaphysical realities is a mistake, an illusion, a symptom of disease or an imitation. b) He may accept the possibility of a metaphysical reality; however, he will explain it in accordance with his theories, and claim tha ...
The Cosmological (First Cause) Argument
The Cosmological (First Cause) Argument

... describe the Cosmological argument. E. All things require a cause. C. There is a long process of cause and effect. F. This cannot have gone on forever A. There must have been first cause, uncaused by ...
MORAL_ARGUME{...}
MORAL_ARGUME{...}

... Immanuel Kant’s argument #1 Kant’s approach is not really an argument – he said God is a matter for faith not logic!  He reasoned like this. In a perfect world morality leads to the natural reward for ...
if - Mike Fuller
if - Mike Fuller

...  if God exists only in the mind and is only a possible being, then if he existed in reality he would have been greater  if so, God is a being than which a greater can be thought … which is impossible! Just Looking … ...
Is There a God?
Is There a God?

... to their efforts, piety remained intellectually respectable. But Locke, although himself a completely convinced Christian, undermined the theoretical basis of the old arguments, and many of his followers, especially in France, became Atheists. I will not attempt to set forth in all their subtlety the ...
1 Introduction to Philosophy: Knowledge and Reality Philosophy
1 Introduction to Philosophy: Knowledge and Reality Philosophy

... issue of the attributes of God as understood by “anthropomorphites”: And is it possible, Cleanthes, said Philo, that after all these reflections, and infinitely more, which might be suggested, you can still persevere in your Anthropomorphism, and assert the moral attributes of the Deity, his justice ...
Class #8
Class #8

... For many others, the Darwinian theory of evolution was taken as a “threat” to the Argument From Design which seemed to be the last bastion of a ultimate support for the existence of God. Thus many theists to this day resist the Darwinian view which meanwhile has become the dominant scientific theory ...
God Exists?
God Exists?

... He is known for defending and making popular the Copernican system, using the telescope to examine the heavens, inventing the microscope, dropping stones from towers and masts, playing with pendula and clocks, being the first ‘real’ experimental scientist, advocating the relativity of motion, and cr ...
Criticisms Cosmological
Criticisms Cosmological

... synthetic matter. Hume also challenged this notion – no being must necessarily exist – even if it does why call it God? ...
User_113281722017BigBangsourcesfordebate
User_113281722017BigBangsourcesfordebate

... “Is the Absolute (supra) rational and personal, or is the Absolute an impersonal, chaotic force? If ultimate reality is impersonal and chaotic, then all localized events, phenomena and objects are also devoid of any ultimate meaning. Language, mathematics, logic, etc., are thus annihilated as merely ...
Ubi caritas et amor, Deus ibi est. ~ Where
Ubi caritas et amor, Deus ibi est. ~ Where

... When a man petitions a Lodge to become a Freemason, he is asked three questions, the first of which is, “Do you believe in the existence of a Supreme Being?” All too often this conjures up an image of a white-bearded, paternalistic figure in flowing robes such as that painted on the ceiling of the S ...
Pascal`s Wager
Pascal`s Wager

... Regarding the proposition “God exists” reason is neutral. It can neither prove nor disprove it. But we must make a choice on this matter, for not to choose for God is in effect to choose against him and lose the possible benefits that belief would bring. Since these benefits promise to be infinite a ...
A Summary Of The Meditations - The Richmond Philosophy Pages
A Summary Of The Meditations - The Richmond Philosophy Pages

... he cannot be deceiving me. For the same reason, he could not have given me some faculty of making mistakes (such as misjudging or misapprehension). Similarly, nor could have he given me imperfect faculties for detecting the truth. Finally, it must be in God’s power to have made me such that I never ...
St Thomas Aquinas
St Thomas Aquinas

... Some explanatory notes and comments on Aristotle Aristotle’s four-fold theory of causation In trying to find out why things happen as they do Aristotle proposed four reasons or explanations, which he calls material, formal, efficient, and final. Take, for example, an inanimate object such as a stat ...
VKS Synoptic Prese
VKS Synoptic Prese

... just that people haven't learned some fact that they need to know, but rather that their habitual ways of perceiving the world are fundamentally mistaken, and thus they are "blinded" (by greed, desire, lust, etc.). ...
Analysis doc - lordjesuschristassemblyvideo.org
Analysis doc - lordjesuschristassemblyvideo.org

... According to www.oxforddictionaries.com, “science” is defined as: the intellectual and practical activity encompassing the systematic study of the structure and behaviour of the physical and natural world through observation and experiment: And again, Oxford Advanced Learner’s Dictionary states: kno ...
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Existence of God

Arguments for and against the existence of God have been proposed by philosophers, theologians, scientists, and others for thousands of years. In philosophical terms, such arguments involve primarily the disciplines of epistemology (the nature and scope of knowledge) and ontology (study of the nature of being, existence, or reality) and also the theory of value, since concepts of perfection are connected to notions of God. A wide variety of arguments exist which can be categorized as metaphysical, logical, empirical, or subjective. The existence of God is subject to lively debate in philosophy, the philosophy of religion, and popular culture.The Western tradition of philosophical discussion of the existence of God began with Plato and Aristotle, who made arguments that would now be categorized as cosmological. Other arguments for the existence of God have been proposed by St. Anselm, who formulated the first ontological argument; Ibn Rushd (Averroes) and Aquinas, who presented their own versions of the cosmological argument (the kalam argument and the first way, respectively); Descartes, who said that the existence of a benevolent God was logically necessary for the evidence of the senses to be meaningful; and Immanuel Kant, who argued that the existence of God can be deduced from the existence of good. Thinkers who have provided arguments against the existence of God include David Hume, Kant, Nietzsche, and Bertrand Russell. In modern culture, the question of God's existence has been discussed by scientists such as Stephen Hawking, Francis Collins, Richard Dawkins, and John Lennox, as well as philosophers including Richard Swinburne, Alvin Plantinga, William Lane Craig, Daniel Dennett, Edward Feser, David Bentley Hart and Sam Harris.Atheism views arguments for the existence of God as insufficient, mistaken or weighing less in comparison to arguments against. Fideists acknowledge that belief in the existence of God may not be amenable to demonstration or refutation, but rests on faith alone. The Catholic Church maintains that knowledge of the existence of God is the ""natural light of human reason"". Other religions, such as Buddhism do not concern themselves with the existence of gods at all, while religions such as Jainism reject the possibility of a creator deity.
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