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Cosmological Argument
Cosmological Argument

... Another Fallacy in CosmArg III according to Mackie: „every thing at some does not exist“  „at some time everything does not exist“! Explain how this can be used as an argument against Aquinas! ...
The Ontological Meta-Argument
The Ontological Meta-Argument

... that you are actual.6 For if you are actual, and you don’t believe it, you will fail to be motivated to do much of anything that matters—and that matters a good deal. Whereas if you aren’t actual, and you falsely believe that you are, well, it doesn’t really matter. But if the ontological metaargume ...
The Logical Argument is not Bankrupt
The Logical Argument is not Bankrupt

... technical vocabulary taken for granted by those more conversant with modal logic and indeed analytic philosophy more broadly. As such, my treatment of his argument will sacrifice some attention to detail in exchange for ease of access. Luckily, the argument in the final section in which I argue that ...
Medieval philosophy
Medieval philosophy

... among them an altar with the inscription, ‘To an unknown god’. What therefore you worship as unknown, this I proclaim to you. The God who made the world and everything in it, he who is Lord of heaven and earth, does not live in shrines made by human hands… as though he needed anything, since he hims ...
The different meanings of `being` according to Aristotle and
The different meanings of `being` according to Aristotle and

... itself as a science, it has to articulate its expressions with precision in order to stick to the principal differentiations of its own object. The decisive discovery of the analogical character of being, thus, does not fit into a se1nantic research so much as into an investigation of the ontologica ...
Aquinas - American University of Beirut
Aquinas - American University of Beirut

... natural power. For, according to its manner of knowing in the present life, the intellect depends on the sense for the origin of knowledge; and so those things that do not fall under the senses cannot be grasped by the human intellect except in so far as the knowledge of them is gathered from sensi ...
Spencer Rosenvall Aquinas` Argument Analysis Aquinas was one of
Spencer Rosenvall Aquinas` Argument Analysis Aquinas was one of

... argument gives an explanation for motion, causation, contingency, excellence, and harmony. Aquinas requires the principle of sufficient reason to be fulfilled in order to debate with him. The principle of sufficient reason states that it requires an explanation for any one of the arguments (well it’ ...
Proving God Exists
Proving God Exists

... philosophers because he uses reason to prove God exists and “is the supreme good, who depends on nothing else, but on whom all things depend for their being” (Prologue). Anselm argues that prior to his proof, no one had sufficiently demonstrated God’s independence and creations dependence on God. Th ...
Teleological Argument Booklet 3
Teleological Argument Booklet 3

... ‘Modern science proves that Paley’s teleological argument is wrong.’ Assess this view. Candidates are likely to include some or all of the following, but other relevant points will be credited: Ineffective – explain each concept ...
philosophy, god, and aquinas
philosophy, god, and aquinas

... God. In his complaint that he wanted the God of Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob, Blaise Pascal epitomized the perennial issue of Christian philosophy: Can human reason approach the God of belief? Because of the first of the Ten Commandments, any Christian must strive to integrate the first principle of hi ...
Moral and Social Philosophy
Moral and Social Philosophy

... we gradually adapted to the environment. • However some argue that in order for any life to exist the earth and the whole universe must be very special. • Some say the design argument still does have force because the whole universe is ordered. We have reliable laws of nature : – These laws of natur ...
J.N. Chubb, "Spinoza`s Arguments for the Existence of God,"
J.N. Chubb, "Spinoza`s Arguments for the Existence of God,"

... explicitly used as the criterion of metaphysical thought arid as the.·on.ly possl.ble criterion of such thinking. <: Those>' critics of Spinoza who accuse him of setting up arbitrary definitions and then building up a system by drawing consequences from them have completely missed the intention unde ...
The Ontological Argument
The Ontological Argument

... searching for the key to living well. On the other hand, many have argued that philosophy has no need of a special revelation, or even of the concept of a supreme being, whereas religion seems to require both. And some claim philosophy is regulated by canons of logical procedure, whereas many religi ...
Microsoft Word - Verificationismx
Microsoft Word - Verificationismx

... Ayer, Language, Truth and Logic, Chs 1, 6; Ayer, The Central Questions of Philosophy, pp. 22–7 In the 1930s, a school of philosophy arose called logical positivism, concerned with the foundations of knowledge. It developed a criterion for when a statement is meaningful, called the principle of verif ...
Religious Studies Mark Scheme for June 2013
Religious Studies Mark Scheme for June 2013

... existence of evil in our world. Those who begin by explaining the view of Augustine may put his thoughts in the context of his Manichean background; the idea that matter and spirit had different origins, coming from different gods. This meant that the task of the believer was to liberate the good, w ...
Reformed Epistemology
Reformed Epistemology

... arguments was to enumerate a set of principles of common sense (sensus communis) which constitute the foundations of rational thought. Anyone who undertakes a philosophical argument, for example, must implicitly presuppose certain beliefs like, "I am talking to a real person," and "There is an exter ...
Anthropic Principle File
Anthropic Principle File

... overwhelmingly striking fact about it. Regularities of succession are all pervasive. For simple laws govern almost all successions of events. In books of physics, chemistry, and biology we can learn how almost everything in the world behaves. The laws of their behaviour ...
The Cosmological Argument
The Cosmological Argument

... God exists in the mind but not in reality. Real existence (as well as mental) is greater than mental existence alone. God’s existence in reality is conceivable. If God had real existence he would be greater than he is (from 1 & 2) It is conceivable that there is a being greater than (from 3 & 4). It ...
The Existence of God
The Existence of God

... God exists in the mind but not in reality. Real existence (as well as mental) is greater than mental existence alone. God’s existence in reality is conceivable. If God had real existence he would be greater than he is (from 1 & 2) It is conceivable that there is a being greater than (from 3 & 4). It ...
Arguments for God`s Existence
Arguments for God`s Existence

... God exists in the mind but not in reality. Real existence (as well as mental) is greater than mental existence alone. God’s existence in reality is conceivable. If God had real existence he would be greater than he is (from 1 & 2) It is conceivable that there is a being greater than (from 3 & 4). It ...
The Cosmological Argument
The Cosmological Argument

... “Even when one feels nearest to other people, something in one seems obstinately to belong to God…-at least that is how I should express it if I thought there was a God. It is odd, isn’t? I care passionately for this world and many things and people in it, and yet …what is it all?” There must be som ...
The argument from evil
The argument from evil

... which has premises that the believer in God’s existence will accept, but a clearly false conclusion. (We discussed an argument of this form in connection with Parfit’s discussion of the psychological theory of personal identity.) But what parts of the ‘essential theological doctrine’ does Mackie thi ...
Summa Theologica
Summa Theologica

... On the contrary, It is said in the person of God: "I am Who am." I answer that, The existence of God can be proved in five ways. The first and more manifest way is the argument from motion. It is certain, and evident to our senses, that in the world some things are in motion. Now whatever is in moti ...
descartes, god and the evil spirit
descartes, god and the evil spirit

... What Descartes must do is show that these a p p a r e n t l y similar a r g u m e n t s are in some way disanalagous. One way of doing this is to a r g u e that m y idea of the evil spirit is somehow parasitic on m y idea of God. The detail of the a r g u m e n t would have to show that the idea of ...
Class #8 - 4/29/13
Class #8 - 4/29/13

... perhaps you will be intrigued, by the third “proof” for the existence of God: the Argument from Design. 2. Pick two philosophers who addressed the question, say William Paley and David Hume. 3. Focus your attention on one point where they disagreed. For example, Paley and Hume disagreed about the st ...
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Existence of God

Arguments for and against the existence of God have been proposed by philosophers, theologians, scientists, and others for thousands of years. In philosophical terms, such arguments involve primarily the disciplines of epistemology (the nature and scope of knowledge) and ontology (study of the nature of being, existence, or reality) and also the theory of value, since concepts of perfection are connected to notions of God. A wide variety of arguments exist which can be categorized as metaphysical, logical, empirical, or subjective. The existence of God is subject to lively debate in philosophy, the philosophy of religion, and popular culture.The Western tradition of philosophical discussion of the existence of God began with Plato and Aristotle, who made arguments that would now be categorized as cosmological. Other arguments for the existence of God have been proposed by St. Anselm, who formulated the first ontological argument; Ibn Rushd (Averroes) and Aquinas, who presented their own versions of the cosmological argument (the kalam argument and the first way, respectively); Descartes, who said that the existence of a benevolent God was logically necessary for the evidence of the senses to be meaningful; and Immanuel Kant, who argued that the existence of God can be deduced from the existence of good. Thinkers who have provided arguments against the existence of God include David Hume, Kant, Nietzsche, and Bertrand Russell. In modern culture, the question of God's existence has been discussed by scientists such as Stephen Hawking, Francis Collins, Richard Dawkins, and John Lennox, as well as philosophers including Richard Swinburne, Alvin Plantinga, William Lane Craig, Daniel Dennett, Edward Feser, David Bentley Hart and Sam Harris.Atheism views arguments for the existence of God as insufficient, mistaken or weighing less in comparison to arguments against. Fideists acknowledge that belief in the existence of God may not be amenable to demonstration or refutation, but rests on faith alone. The Catholic Church maintains that knowledge of the existence of God is the ""natural light of human reason"". Other religions, such as Buddhism do not concern themselves with the existence of gods at all, while religions such as Jainism reject the possibility of a creator deity.
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