Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System Number 825 January 2005
... attributed the U.S. trade balance deterioration to other factors. A proponent of this view is U.S. Treasury Undersecretary John Taylor (2004): The increase of the U.S. current account deficit over more than a decade has been linked to domestic U.S. capital formation increasing more than U.S. saving. ...
... attributed the U.S. trade balance deterioration to other factors. A proponent of this view is U.S. Treasury Undersecretary John Taylor (2004): The increase of the U.S. current account deficit over more than a decade has been linked to domestic U.S. capital formation increasing more than U.S. saving. ...
C Forecast of the Development of Macroeconomic Indicators
... The tendency towards unemployment growth was confirmed by seasonally adjusted registered unemployment in the first two months of 2012, while the Presidential amnesty and subsequent registration of released prisoners at labour offices also impacted on the January figures. In th ...
... The tendency towards unemployment growth was confirmed by seasonally adjusted registered unemployment in the first two months of 2012, while the Presidential amnesty and subsequent registration of released prisoners at labour offices also impacted on the January figures. In th ...
SUSTAINABILITY OF THE PUBLIC DEBT AND BUDGET DEFICIT
... Another important aspect of analyses regarding the evolution of the public debt is represented by the distinction among main institutional sectors. In Romania, as we already mentioned, besides the conventional public debt owned by the so-called general government there is a part which corresponds to ...
... Another important aspect of analyses regarding the evolution of the public debt is represented by the distinction among main institutional sectors. In Romania, as we already mentioned, besides the conventional public debt owned by the so-called general government there is a part which corresponds to ...
Official PDF , 73 pages
... shows the declining shares of private non-guaranteeddebt in medium and long term debt which came about due to reduced foreign credit to the private sector and the takeoverof some oi the private debt by the public which would restrict sector so as to avoid problemsof credit-worthiness other sources o ...
... shows the declining shares of private non-guaranteeddebt in medium and long term debt which came about due to reduced foreign credit to the private sector and the takeoverof some oi the private debt by the public which would restrict sector so as to avoid problemsof credit-worthiness other sources o ...
Mankiw 5/e Chapter 9: Intro to Economic Fluctuations
... A Shock to the LM Curve asserts that the Depression was largely due to huge fall in the money supply evidence: M1 fell 25% during 1929-33. But, two problems with this hypothesis: 1. P fell even more, so M/P actually rose slightly during 1929-31. 2. nominal interest rates fell, which is the oppos ...
... A Shock to the LM Curve asserts that the Depression was largely due to huge fall in the money supply evidence: M1 fell 25% during 1929-33. But, two problems with this hypothesis: 1. P fell even more, so M/P actually rose slightly during 1929-31. 2. nominal interest rates fell, which is the oppos ...
Chap32
... Because most federal securities are short term, the national debt “turns over” rapidly Nearly half the debt is refinanced every year – debt service payments are quite sensitive to movements in the interest rate Interest payments peaked at 15.4% of outlays in 1996 and have declined to only 6.7% of ...
... Because most federal securities are short term, the national debt “turns over” rapidly Nearly half the debt is refinanced every year – debt service payments are quite sensitive to movements in the interest rate Interest payments peaked at 15.4% of outlays in 1996 and have declined to only 6.7% of ...
Economic environment - World Trade Organization
... The Bank of Zambia (BoZ), the central bank, administers monetary policy. Its main task is to ensure financial and price stability by controlling money supply growth through open-market operations. Zambia has had a history of high inflation, persistently averaging over 20% and sometimes substantially ...
... The Bank of Zambia (BoZ), the central bank, administers monetary policy. Its main task is to ensure financial and price stability by controlling money supply growth through open-market operations. Zambia has had a history of high inflation, persistently averaging over 20% and sometimes substantially ...
NBER WORKING PAPER SERIES MACROECONOMIC RESPONSES BY DEVELOPING COUNTRIES TO CHANGES
... financial markets and reform of urealu goods and factor markets. The matrix in Table 1 represents this classification and provides some illustrative examples of the structural adjustment policies in question. While this paper is concerned with macroeconomic stabilisation policy in response to extern ...
... financial markets and reform of urealu goods and factor markets. The matrix in Table 1 represents this classification and provides some illustrative examples of the structural adjustment policies in question. While this paper is concerned with macroeconomic stabilisation policy in response to extern ...
Fund Account System (GASB Statement 54) 7215
... B. Legally or contractually required to be maintained intact. 2. Restricted Fund Balance: Includes amounts that can be spent only for the specific purposes stipulated by District policy, external resource providers, or through federal regulations or State laws or rules. 3. Committed Fund Balance: In ...
... B. Legally or contractually required to be maintained intact. 2. Restricted Fund Balance: Includes amounts that can be spent only for the specific purposes stipulated by District policy, external resource providers, or through federal regulations or State laws or rules. 3. Committed Fund Balance: In ...
Spotl june 7_6.p65
... the central bank regarding the streamlining of the severely ailing banking sector. In addition, it is unclear whether there will be a new IMF agreement. The crucial issue will be whether the provinces will be prepared to accept adequate spending cuts. In the past, they have reacted to the shortfalls ...
... the central bank regarding the streamlining of the severely ailing banking sector. In addition, it is unclear whether there will be a new IMF agreement. The crucial issue will be whether the provinces will be prepared to accept adequate spending cuts. In the past, they have reacted to the shortfalls ...
Zimbabwe Monetary Policy 1998-2012: From Hyperinflation to
... accommodated by printing money and hence the government always bears some role for creating it as well as the responsibility for resolving it. Inflation may be the process used to re-distribute real income shares in a hidden manner. Often it is a battle between capital and labour or between the publ ...
... accommodated by printing money and hence the government always bears some role for creating it as well as the responsibility for resolving it. Inflation may be the process used to re-distribute real income shares in a hidden manner. Often it is a battle between capital and labour or between the publ ...
monetary models of dollar/yen/euro nominal exchange rates
... A second obvious problem is that money demand has been extremely unstable over the past two decades. Deregulation and innovation have been pervasive throughout the OECD, making the connection between any measure of money and prices a tenuous one.5 Moreover, in¯ation rates across the United States, G ...
... A second obvious problem is that money demand has been extremely unstable over the past two decades. Deregulation and innovation have been pervasive throughout the OECD, making the connection between any measure of money and prices a tenuous one.5 Moreover, in¯ation rates across the United States, G ...
Reserve Accumulation, Growth and Financial Crises
... East Asian economies and China.1 As shown by figure 1a, the average reserves-to-GDP ratio in developing countries more than doubled between 1980 and 2010, increasing from 9.5 to 23.3 percent. The increase has been particularly marked in East Asia, where the average reserves-to-GDP ratio passed from ...
... East Asian economies and China.1 As shown by figure 1a, the average reserves-to-GDP ratio in developing countries more than doubled between 1980 and 2010, increasing from 9.5 to 23.3 percent. The increase has been particularly marked in East Asia, where the average reserves-to-GDP ratio passed from ...
World Economic Situation and Prospects 2015
... The world economy continues to grow at a modest pace. Growth of world gross product is projected to accelerate slightly from 2.6 per cent in 2014 to 2.8 per cent in 2015—a downward revision by 0.3 percentage points from the forecast presented in the World Economic Situation and Prospects 2015 in Jan ...
... The world economy continues to grow at a modest pace. Growth of world gross product is projected to accelerate slightly from 2.6 per cent in 2014 to 2.8 per cent in 2015—a downward revision by 0.3 percentage points from the forecast presented in the World Economic Situation and Prospects 2015 in Jan ...
PDF
... countries as well as corresponding macroeconomic policies used to control inflation. Specifically, Bolivia faced an economic crisis culminating in hyperinflation from the later part of 1984 through mid-1985 (Melvin, 1988; Pastor, 1991)3. A large fiscaI deficit, negative growth rates, high unemployme ...
... countries as well as corresponding macroeconomic policies used to control inflation. Specifically, Bolivia faced an economic crisis culminating in hyperinflation from the later part of 1984 through mid-1985 (Melvin, 1988; Pastor, 1991)3. A large fiscaI deficit, negative growth rates, high unemployme ...
Annual GDP by expenditure approach in current and
... by households (the informal sector11) may be insufficiently covered or not covered at all, leading to a GDP by output approach that could be seriously underestimated. In this respect the GDP by expenditure approach may offer a valuable second estimate. This approach requires administrative data for ...
... by households (the informal sector11) may be insufficiently covered or not covered at all, leading to a GDP by output approach that could be seriously underestimated. In this respect the GDP by expenditure approach may offer a valuable second estimate. This approach requires administrative data for ...
Mankiw 6e PowerPoints
... The U.S. experience in recent years Early 1980s through early 1990s debt-GDP ratio: 25.5% in 1980, 48.9% in 1993 due to Reagan tax cuts, increases in defense ...
... The U.S. experience in recent years Early 1980s through early 1990s debt-GDP ratio: 25.5% in 1980, 48.9% in 1993 due to Reagan tax cuts, increases in defense ...
CHAPTER TWO - Bentley University
... and other market-determined rates. The latter also impact on the discount rate 3. Adjusting the reserve requirement ratio impacts on the supply of loanable funds, hence, general interest rates ...
... and other market-determined rates. The latter also impact on the discount rate 3. Adjusting the reserve requirement ratio impacts on the supply of loanable funds, hence, general interest rates ...
Currency boards and the euro – An “international role of the euro
... various exchange rate regimes has become a key issue in the recent debate on sustainable exchange rate regimes and, beyond that, on the reform of the international financial architecture (ECB, 2003). Hence, the analysis of euro-based currency boards from this angle seems of broad policy interest. As ...
... various exchange rate regimes has become a key issue in the recent debate on sustainable exchange rate regimes and, beyond that, on the reform of the international financial architecture (ECB, 2003). Hence, the analysis of euro-based currency boards from this angle seems of broad policy interest. As ...
A Story of Trade-Induced Industrialization
... trade, must be the same as good Y, since X and Y are perfect substitutes. Thus the relevant unit-value isoquants for the small countries are those shown in Figure 3, the convex hull of which therefore provides the full menu of options for countries of various capital-labor endowments to produce a un ...
... trade, must be the same as good Y, since X and Y are perfect substitutes. Thus the relevant unit-value isoquants for the small countries are those shown in Figure 3, the convex hull of which therefore provides the full menu of options for countries of various capital-labor endowments to produce a un ...
ING International Trade Study Czech Republic
... The views expressed in this report reflect the personal views of the analyst(s) on the subject on this report. No part of the compensation(s) of the analyst(s) was, is, or will be directly or indirectly related to the inclusion of specific views in this report. This report was prepared on behalf of ...
... The views expressed in this report reflect the personal views of the analyst(s) on the subject on this report. No part of the compensation(s) of the analyst(s) was, is, or will be directly or indirectly related to the inclusion of specific views in this report. This report was prepared on behalf of ...
The Business Cycle, International Linkages, and Exchange
... and Exchange Rates econometric research has generally failed to establish a firm relationship between the exchange rate and the business cycle and other fundamental economic influences. One explanation for this failure is that exchange rates depend on expectations, which are difficult to explain or ...
... and Exchange Rates econometric research has generally failed to establish a firm relationship between the exchange rate and the business cycle and other fundamental economic influences. One explanation for this failure is that exchange rates depend on expectations, which are difficult to explain or ...
The Fiscal and Monetary History of Colombia: 1963-2012 1 Introduction
... To understand the role that monetary and fiscal policy have played in Colombia, we focus on how the national central government financed its primary deficit since 1963; that is, ministries, Congress, judiciary system, National Police, administrative departments, superintendencies and other superviso ...
... To understand the role that monetary and fiscal policy have played in Colombia, we focus on how the national central government financed its primary deficit since 1963; that is, ministries, Congress, judiciary system, National Police, administrative departments, superintendencies and other superviso ...