Colombian Issuance of Local Currency Bond in the Global Market
... The Risks • Some of those problems were improved but there are many others that remain – Volatility of TES (limited historical information) – Construction of the VAR model – Stress Testing for a sustained decrease in prices and no buyers – Disclosure of derivative positions – Disclosure of risk in ...
... The Risks • Some of those problems were improved but there are many others that remain – Volatility of TES (limited historical information) – Construction of the VAR model – Stress Testing for a sustained decrease in prices and no buyers – Disclosure of derivative positions – Disclosure of risk in ...
“Emerging Economies: Now and Next” Tan Teng Boo
... The Reform Era (1978) To reverse the declining trend of its economy, China, under the leadership of Deng Xiaoping, launched its reform programmes in 1978. When the initial reform measures proved tremendously successful, other reform programmes were introduced. Endless pragmatic reforms over th ...
... The Reform Era (1978) To reverse the declining trend of its economy, China, under the leadership of Deng Xiaoping, launched its reform programmes in 1978. When the initial reform measures proved tremendously successful, other reform programmes were introduced. Endless pragmatic reforms over th ...
Company Analysis
... have to find ways, like in other Aaa-rated countries, to support the financial system, it is our view that current CDS spreads unreasonably exaggerate credit risk as evidenced by Kaupthing Bank’s recent €1.3 billion private placement. However, if the banks cannot raise enough funds to expand their l ...
... have to find ways, like in other Aaa-rated countries, to support the financial system, it is our view that current CDS spreads unreasonably exaggerate credit risk as evidenced by Kaupthing Bank’s recent €1.3 billion private placement. However, if the banks cannot raise enough funds to expand their l ...
Evaluating the Efficiency and Effects of Public Spending
... • The key to success: tackling expenditure dynamics. • Pre-specified medium-term measures to cut expenditures succeeded in reducing the deficit. • Announcing macro targets without specifying the measures did not work. They were changed by each new cabinet and sometimes also within cabinets’ term-in- ...
... • The key to success: tackling expenditure dynamics. • Pre-specified medium-term measures to cut expenditures succeeded in reducing the deficit. • Announcing macro targets without specifying the measures did not work. They were changed by each new cabinet and sometimes also within cabinets’ term-in- ...
The Resilient Trade Surplus, the Pharmaceutical Sector, and
... exceptional for one sector to contribute substantially to a country’s trade surplus, in terms of shares or growth rates. Trade theory predicts the international specialization of production, resulting in possibly very specialized export baskets. It is also not unusual for one sector to grow faster t ...
... exceptional for one sector to contribute substantially to a country’s trade surplus, in terms of shares or growth rates. Trade theory predicts the international specialization of production, resulting in possibly very specialized export baskets. It is also not unusual for one sector to grow faster t ...
Session 37, WTO Public Forum, 26 September 2012, 14:15
... has to keep in mind their heterogeneity – landlocked, small island states and others have different needs. The concept of diversification has a different meaning for different countries. However, the structural impediments are common for all countries. Second, what does diversification mean? Is it s ...
... has to keep in mind their heterogeneity – landlocked, small island states and others have different needs. The concept of diversification has a different meaning for different countries. However, the structural impediments are common for all countries. Second, what does diversification mean? Is it s ...
A Circular Flow Diagram
... payments and government purchases. Be cognizant of using government spending when you really mean government purchases. Using GS leads to ‘double counting’ spending. Once as a transfer payment and once as consumption by households spending it. ...
... payments and government purchases. Be cognizant of using government spending when you really mean government purchases. Using GS leads to ‘double counting’ spending. Once as a transfer payment and once as consumption by households spending it. ...
The Influence of Monetary and Fiscal Policy on Aggregate Demand
... thereby increases consumer expenditure Crowding-out effect on investment: offset in the AD that results when expansionary fiscal policy raises the interest rate and thereby reduces investment expenditure Crowding-out effect on NX: offset in the AD that results when expansionary fiscal policy in a sm ...
... thereby increases consumer expenditure Crowding-out effect on investment: offset in the AD that results when expansionary fiscal policy raises the interest rate and thereby reduces investment expenditure Crowding-out effect on NX: offset in the AD that results when expansionary fiscal policy in a sm ...
CHAPTER VI INFLATION AND BALANCE OF PAYMENTS (BOPs)
... This phase witnessed acceleration in both imports and exports growth by nearly 3.5% each, co-existing with lower annual average increase in WPI inflation (6.7%) compared with the previous phase. The acceleration in exports growth can be largely attributed to the adoption of export-led growth strateg ...
... This phase witnessed acceleration in both imports and exports growth by nearly 3.5% each, co-existing with lower annual average increase in WPI inflation (6.7%) compared with the previous phase. The acceleration in exports growth can be largely attributed to the adoption of export-led growth strateg ...
fa fall of the Indian Rupee
... As a consequence of additional money in the system without commensurate increase in country’s economic growth, the value of Rupee has depreciated as we pay more for the same quantity of goods and services. ...
... As a consequence of additional money in the system without commensurate increase in country’s economic growth, the value of Rupee has depreciated as we pay more for the same quantity of goods and services. ...
relationship between currency depreciation and output growth in
... operator, t is a time trend and � is a stationary random error. Where, �t represents a sequence of uncorrelated stationary error terms having zero mean and constant variance. k is the optimum lag which should be chosen in such a way that �t will be free from autocorrelation. The null hypothesis is H ...
... operator, t is a time trend and � is a stationary random error. Where, �t represents a sequence of uncorrelated stationary error terms having zero mean and constant variance. k is the optimum lag which should be chosen in such a way that �t will be free from autocorrelation. The null hypothesis is H ...
Olivier Blanchard Carlo Cottarelli 28 June 2010, VOX.EU
... opposite happens in the rest of the world. In a number of emerging market economies, current account surpluses must be reduced, and these countries must shift from external to internal demand. The recent decisions taken by China are, in this respect, an important and welcome step. Policy coordinatio ...
... opposite happens in the rest of the world. In a number of emerging market economies, current account surpluses must be reduced, and these countries must shift from external to internal demand. The recent decisions taken by China are, in this respect, an important and welcome step. Policy coordinatio ...
The Evolution of Germany`s Net Foreign Asset Position
... Available data suggest that, between 2006 and 2012, Germany may have suffered losses to the value of more than 20% of annual economic output on its net foreign assets. Were these presumed losses on German net foreign assets coincidental or can they be attributed to deeper causes? Over time, fluctuat ...
... Available data suggest that, between 2006 and 2012, Germany may have suffered losses to the value of more than 20% of annual economic output on its net foreign assets. Were these presumed losses on German net foreign assets coincidental or can they be attributed to deeper causes? Over time, fluctuat ...
The Globalization of Markets
... cross-border equity investment, though as in the case of trade, the professional curiosity of economists has focused on smaller-than-expected flows (or stocks). Probably the most famous “anomaly” of this sort is the one uncovered by Martin Feldstein and Charles Horioka (1980), who calculated a 90% c ...
... cross-border equity investment, though as in the case of trade, the professional curiosity of economists has focused on smaller-than-expected flows (or stocks). Probably the most famous “anomaly” of this sort is the one uncovered by Martin Feldstein and Charles Horioka (1980), who calculated a 90% c ...
The Washington Consensus as Policy Prescription for Development
... The view was widely held that macroeconomic stability was an indispensable precondition for growth, that reasonable price stability was an essential aspect of macroeconomic stability, and that in most Latin American countries (the exceptions being Chile and Colombia) price stability had been undermi ...
... The view was widely held that macroeconomic stability was an indispensable precondition for growth, that reasonable price stability was an essential aspect of macroeconomic stability, and that in most Latin American countries (the exceptions being Chile and Colombia) price stability had been undermi ...
I cannot swear that the conversion from WordPerfect was
... The exams are weighted such that a perfect score on all the questions from the list below earns you at least a low B. A’s are reserved for those who also answer the “hell” questions correctly. That said, data from previous classes show that there is a high correlation between doing well on the non-h ...
... The exams are weighted such that a perfect score on all the questions from the list below earns you at least a low B. A’s are reserved for those who also answer the “hell” questions correctly. That said, data from previous classes show that there is a high correlation between doing well on the non-h ...
Introduction to Business 3e - Jeff Madura
... When U.S. dollar weakens - foreign currency strengthens - U.S. firms need more dollars to purchase a given amount of foreign supplies Exchange rate affects foreign demand for U.S. products because they impact the actual price paid by the foreign customer. ...
... When U.S. dollar weakens - foreign currency strengthens - U.S. firms need more dollars to purchase a given amount of foreign supplies Exchange rate affects foreign demand for U.S. products because they impact the actual price paid by the foreign customer. ...
foreign currency option - Dixie State University
... • By taking a short position on the Mexican peso, Amber locks-in the right to sell 500,000 Mexican pesos at maturity at a set price above their current spot price • Using the quotes from the table, Amber sells one March contract for 500,000 pesos at the settle price: ...
... • By taking a short position on the Mexican peso, Amber locks-in the right to sell 500,000 Mexican pesos at maturity at a set price above their current spot price • Using the quotes from the table, Amber sells one March contract for 500,000 pesos at the settle price: ...
Foreign exchange turnover: trends in New Zealand and abroad
... for International Settlements Triennial Survey and the Reserve Bank’s foreign exchange turnover data. Global FX turnover continued to increase in 2013, with the US dollar remaining the most-traded currency and the United Kingdom the favoured trading hub. The New Zealand dollar was the tenth most tra ...
... for International Settlements Triennial Survey and the Reserve Bank’s foreign exchange turnover data. Global FX turnover continued to increase in 2013, with the US dollar remaining the most-traded currency and the United Kingdom the favoured trading hub. The New Zealand dollar was the tenth most tra ...
Currency Wars, Coordination, and Capital Controls
... 3%. Putting this together with the previous numbers, and with all the proper caveats, the exchange rate channel suggests an average decrease in EM real net exports of 0.45%, with a range going from 0.15% to 0.9% of GDP, taking place over a number of years. For later reference, let me note that ther ...
... 3%. Putting this together with the previous numbers, and with all the proper caveats, the exchange rate channel suggests an average decrease in EM real net exports of 0.45%, with a range going from 0.15% to 0.9% of GDP, taking place over a number of years. For later reference, let me note that ther ...
Oil-exporting countries: key structural features, economic
... significantly above the level that prevailed over the decade before (the average oil price in the period 1993-2002 was USD 19.8 per barrel, with a spike to USD 28.5 per barrel in 2000). Global oil production increased from 76.6 million barrels per day (mb/d) on average in 2002 to 85.2 mb/d in 2006. ...
... significantly above the level that prevailed over the decade before (the average oil price in the period 1993-2002 was USD 19.8 per barrel, with a spike to USD 28.5 per barrel in 2000). Global oil production increased from 76.6 million barrels per day (mb/d) on average in 2002 to 85.2 mb/d in 2006. ...
22 Free Trade and Protectionism
... taxes (tariffs) to raise revenue The IMF estimated that import duties account for approximately 15% of total government revenue in developing countries Evaluation: This is not so much an argument for protectionism but a reason why it happens To correct a balance of payments deficit Governmen ...
... taxes (tariffs) to raise revenue The IMF estimated that import duties account for approximately 15% of total government revenue in developing countries Evaluation: This is not so much an argument for protectionism but a reason why it happens To correct a balance of payments deficit Governmen ...
Read More
... 2.2 Terms of Trade and Gains from Trade Up to here, an important question is left unanswered: how can we infer that a country specializing in the production with comparative advantage and trading with others will gain from trade? To answer this question, we can introduce the concept of terms of trad ...
... 2.2 Terms of Trade and Gains from Trade Up to here, an important question is left unanswered: how can we infer that a country specializing in the production with comparative advantage and trading with others will gain from trade? To answer this question, we can introduce the concept of terms of trad ...
How much does our federal government take in each
... you’re talking about if you use historical examples to prove your point…G.Depress.; boom of 50s or 80s. Also, include the most recent recession we experienced and the current outlook for our economy…have we ‘recovered’?...the prognosis for the near future (where we’re headed)…make some predictions o ...
... you’re talking about if you use historical examples to prove your point…G.Depress.; boom of 50s or 80s. Also, include the most recent recession we experienced and the current outlook for our economy…have we ‘recovered’?...the prognosis for the near future (where we’re headed)…make some predictions o ...