
Mid- to Long-term Economic Outlook
... Policy interest rate: year-end Long-term interest rate and foreign exchange rate: year average. Inflation rate, supply-demand gap, current balance: calendar year basis (Japan: fiscal year basis) Inflation rate: Price index monitored by central banks in their respective countries. Japan: YoY change i ...
... Policy interest rate: year-end Long-term interest rate and foreign exchange rate: year average. Inflation rate, supply-demand gap, current balance: calendar year basis (Japan: fiscal year basis) Inflation rate: Price index monitored by central banks in their respective countries. Japan: YoY change i ...
international money and the future of the sdr
... But his factual observation is valid and may merely indicate that the Directors of the Bank knew their business rather better than Bagehot did. The implication of this argument, however, is important. So long as we have trading domains within which there are different currencies, and so long as ther ...
... But his factual observation is valid and may merely indicate that the Directors of the Bank knew their business rather better than Bagehot did. The implication of this argument, however, is important. So long as we have trading domains within which there are different currencies, and so long as ther ...
How do EU-15 Member States Benefit from the Cohesion Policy in
... intensity of consumption and investment imports of the V4 economies, calculated as the ratio of consumer and investment imports of individual sections (available in the input output table of imported goods) and the final output of these sectors (available in the general input-output table). The obta ...
... intensity of consumption and investment imports of the V4 economies, calculated as the ratio of consumer and investment imports of individual sections (available in the input output table of imported goods) and the final output of these sectors (available in the general input-output table). The obta ...
world-economic-crisis-and-agri-trade.pdf
... 2009 (USDA, ERS Agricultural Exchange Rate Data Set, 2009). The appreciation of the U.S. dollar creates a competitive advantage in global markets for other major agricultural exporters, such as the EU, Australia, Canada, and Brazil. As U.S. products become relatively higher priced when the U.S. doll ...
... 2009 (USDA, ERS Agricultural Exchange Rate Data Set, 2009). The appreciation of the U.S. dollar creates a competitive advantage in global markets for other major agricultural exporters, such as the EU, Australia, Canada, and Brazil. As U.S. products become relatively higher priced when the U.S. doll ...
Perhaps the most salient characteristic of growth performance in
... dramatic increase in capital inflows that exceeded expectations. In addition, whenever crises struck, their negative effect on growth was dramatic. This paper will provide some clues regarding the big swings in capital inflows. It will argue that although these swings are oftentimes triggered by ext ...
... dramatic increase in capital inflows that exceeded expectations. In addition, whenever crises struck, their negative effect on growth was dramatic. This paper will provide some clues regarding the big swings in capital inflows. It will argue that although these swings are oftentimes triggered by ext ...
NBER WORKING PAPER SERIES LINKING EXTERNAL SECTOR IMBALANCES AND CHANGING FINANCIAL
... instability is worsening or improving over time. Here we focus on the external sector components of global imbalances, link these to expected worsening instability, and through this linkage assess their potential contribution to the onset of the 2008 crisis. Theoretical literature (s ...
... instability is worsening or improving over time. Here we focus on the external sector components of global imbalances, link these to expected worsening instability, and through this linkage assess their potential contribution to the onset of the 2008 crisis. Theoretical literature (s ...
Основные данные
... A means of making deferred payments. An important function of money in the modem world, where so much business is conducted on the basis of credit, is to serve as a means of deferred payment. When goods are supplied on credit, the buyer has immediate use of them but does not have to make an immediat ...
... A means of making deferred payments. An important function of money in the modem world, where so much business is conducted on the basis of credit, is to serve as a means of deferred payment. When goods are supplied on credit, the buyer has immediate use of them but does not have to make an immediat ...
Lectures 15 to 17
... More recently, the United States saw its current account deficit and external debt rise due in part to war-related borrowing. ...
... More recently, the United States saw its current account deficit and external debt rise due in part to war-related borrowing. ...
The Great Liquidity Boom and the Monetary Superpower Hypothesis
... boom was soon replaced with a new and even more pronounced surge in house prices and housing investment. Consumption grew more strongly than incomes, driven in part by increased nominal housing wealth made available through housing equity withdrawal, and the domestic savings rate fell to historic lo ...
... boom was soon replaced with a new and even more pronounced surge in house prices and housing investment. Consumption grew more strongly than incomes, driven in part by increased nominal housing wealth made available through housing equity withdrawal, and the domestic savings rate fell to historic lo ...
part 3: decision-makers in the financial system
... (i.e., CR - CE = surplus or deficit). Deficits generate a need for borrowing, while surpluses generate funds for lending in the financial system. For each of these sectors, income-expenditure statements, which show incomes (or revenues) and expenditures during a given period of time, and balance sh ...
... (i.e., CR - CE = surplus or deficit). Deficits generate a need for borrowing, while surpluses generate funds for lending in the financial system. For each of these sectors, income-expenditure statements, which show incomes (or revenues) and expenditures during a given period of time, and balance sh ...
Chapter 4 Costs and Benefits Compared
... •Asymmetries in demand shocks may disappear partly in MU, asymmetries in supply shocks more likely to stay ...
... •Asymmetries in demand shocks may disappear partly in MU, asymmetries in supply shocks more likely to stay ...
Economic Adjustment in the Baltic Countries
... Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania experienced several years of strong economic growth before the global financial crisis but the boom was followed by very deep recessions in 2008/2009. However, since the severe recession, the Baltics have witnessed a relatively speedy recovery. As a result the countries ...
... Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania experienced several years of strong economic growth before the global financial crisis but the boom was followed by very deep recessions in 2008/2009. However, since the severe recession, the Baltics have witnessed a relatively speedy recovery. As a result the countries ...
Review of Research in the NBER Program in International Finance
... United States can take for granted.51 Also on the opposite side from the sustainability view are those who have been arguing for some years that, because large trade and current account deficits of the ...
... United States can take for granted.51 Also on the opposite side from the sustainability view are those who have been arguing for some years that, because large trade and current account deficits of the ...
Goods and Services Account - United Nations Statistics Division
... training, market research are recorded as intermediate inputs though they may bring future benefits Durable military goods such as bombs, torpedoes and spare parts ...
... training, market research are recorded as intermediate inputs though they may bring future benefits Durable military goods such as bombs, torpedoes and spare parts ...
69th Session of the CoC- Review of the Scale Methodology
... training, market research are recorded as intermediate inputs though they may bring future benefits Durable military goods such as bombs, torpedoes and spare parts ...
... training, market research are recorded as intermediate inputs though they may bring future benefits Durable military goods such as bombs, torpedoes and spare parts ...
Sawyer/Sprinkle Chapter 18
... taxation and/or spending to affect the level of economic activity GDP Monetary policy uses changes in the money supply and/or interest rates to affect a county’s GDP Changes in these policies have predictable effects on the exchange rate, the current account balance, and short-run capital flows ...
... taxation and/or spending to affect the level of economic activity GDP Monetary policy uses changes in the money supply and/or interest rates to affect a county’s GDP Changes in these policies have predictable effects on the exchange rate, the current account balance, and short-run capital flows ...
External Sector Developments
... financial account. However, the current account surplus, as a percentage of GDP declined from 5.9 per cent in 2010 to 3.6 per cent attributed mainly to the higher deficits in the services and income accounts. The impressive performance of export trade reflected favourable development in the oil sect ...
... financial account. However, the current account surplus, as a percentage of GDP declined from 5.9 per cent in 2010 to 3.6 per cent attributed mainly to the higher deficits in the services and income accounts. The impressive performance of export trade reflected favourable development in the oil sect ...
7 pages Globalisation and trade
... Foreign direct investment and globalisation of markets and production generate opportunities for international migration. Career opportunities in foreign affiliates exist for expatriate managers and skilled employees. Globalisation of markets increases the number of contacts among people of differen ...
... Foreign direct investment and globalisation of markets and production generate opportunities for international migration. Career opportunities in foreign affiliates exist for expatriate managers and skilled employees. Globalisation of markets increases the number of contacts among people of differen ...
Foreign Exchange Risk Management
... and forward US Dollar amounts. However, the bank will have a long GBP, short USD forward foreign exchange position. A movement of interest rates in either of these currencies over the period of the forward trade will generate a revaluation profit or loss. Although interest rate markets are not as vo ...
... and forward US Dollar amounts. However, the bank will have a long GBP, short USD forward foreign exchange position. A movement of interest rates in either of these currencies over the period of the forward trade will generate a revaluation profit or loss. Although interest rate markets are not as vo ...
Macroeconomic Adjustment and Structural Reform
... significant increase in food consumption because food demand is constrained by people’s biological need for a fixed number of ...
... significant increase in food consumption because food demand is constrained by people’s biological need for a fixed number of ...
East Asian Experience and Endogenous Growth Theory
... consistent with rapid growth; the educational attainments of the labor force rose rapidly-there was a rapid shift of the labor force from agricultural to industrial employment; and once rapid growth began, savings and investment rates rose. All were and are regarded as resource-poor economies, altho ...
... consistent with rapid growth; the educational attainments of the labor force rose rapidly-there was a rapid shift of the labor force from agricultural to industrial employment; and once rapid growth began, savings and investment rates rose. All were and are regarded as resource-poor economies, altho ...
the eefect of exchange rate movements on kenya`s exports to
... Dollar conversion is required in order to produce national accounts aggregate that are measured in the same standard monetary units, the value of output must be converted to a single common currency. The bank conventionally uses the US dollar and applies the average official exchange rate reported b ...
... Dollar conversion is required in order to produce national accounts aggregate that are measured in the same standard monetary units, the value of output must be converted to a single common currency. The bank conventionally uses the US dollar and applies the average official exchange rate reported b ...