
South East Asia before the Crisis
... Capital mobility the national authorities will lose control over monetary policy to some extent , and the economy will become more vulnerable to external shocks ...
... Capital mobility the national authorities will lose control over monetary policy to some extent , and the economy will become more vulnerable to external shocks ...
Bolivia_en.pdf
... 2011, nominal tax revenues rose by 29.7% compared with the same period the previous year, on the back of an increase in hydrocarbon tax receipts, which went up by 14.3% during the period. Current expenditure expanded by 16% in nominal terms in the year to September 2011 compared with the same period ...
... 2011, nominal tax revenues rose by 29.7% compared with the same period the previous year, on the back of an increase in hydrocarbon tax receipts, which went up by 14.3% during the period. Current expenditure expanded by 16% in nominal terms in the year to September 2011 compared with the same period ...
ECON110 Tutorial 12
... – In the long run, inflation increases to a higher level and output returns to potential level, the economy is at C. – If the CB doesn’t want the inflation rate to increase, the CB could shifts up its policy reaction function (PRF) while the economy is at B. Higher interest rate would make the AD cu ...
... – In the long run, inflation increases to a higher level and output returns to potential level, the economy is at C. – If the CB doesn’t want the inflation rate to increase, the CB could shifts up its policy reaction function (PRF) while the economy is at B. Higher interest rate would make the AD cu ...
Suriname_en.pdf
... venture between Newmont Mining Corporation and Suriname Aluminium Company to develop an US$ 800 million gold mine that will start operations in 2014. This will increase the economy’s dependence on gold production. In addition, the State-owned oil company, Staatsolie, is expanding its oil refining ca ...
... venture between Newmont Mining Corporation and Suriname Aluminium Company to develop an US$ 800 million gold mine that will start operations in 2014. This will increase the economy’s dependence on gold production. In addition, the State-owned oil company, Staatsolie, is expanding its oil refining ca ...
Official (foreign) reserve assets - YSU
... – If Sp and I remain constant, a high government deficit (G – T) generates a high current account deficit. – In reality, Sp and I probably won’t remain constant. ...
... – If Sp and I remain constant, a high government deficit (G – T) generates a high current account deficit. – In reality, Sp and I probably won’t remain constant. ...
Will the US Recession lead to Global Slowdown
... • The goal of this measure was to liberalize the current account, facilitating trade and reducing the state presence in credit markets. • Thus, the regulatory and investment environment was ripe for injecting capital inflows into China. • Using the trade account to bring in capital was relatively si ...
... • The goal of this measure was to liberalize the current account, facilitating trade and reducing the state presence in credit markets. • Thus, the regulatory and investment environment was ripe for injecting capital inflows into China. • Using the trade account to bring in capital was relatively si ...
Brazil_en.pdf
... the same period of 2013. Brazil’s sales to China, its main export destination, fell by 6.8%, while imports stagnated, rising by just 0.5%. Among the countries that Brazil sold more to were the United States (8.3%) and Chile (15.2%), owing to increased shipments of oil and other fuels. Capital flows ...
... the same period of 2013. Brazil’s sales to China, its main export destination, fell by 6.8%, while imports stagnated, rising by just 0.5%. Among the countries that Brazil sold more to were the United States (8.3%) and Chile (15.2%), owing to increased shipments of oil and other fuels. Capital flows ...
Topic 2.1.4 Balance of payments student version
... (selling goods or services to a foreign country which generates income for the home country) and importing (buying goods from abroad which leads to expenditure for the home country) So they need to be competitive in order that overseas customers will buy. This will depend on inflation as well as pro ...
... (selling goods or services to a foreign country which generates income for the home country) and importing (buying goods from abroad which leads to expenditure for the home country) So they need to be competitive in order that overseas customers will buy. This will depend on inflation as well as pro ...
FT 0623 2008 How Imbalances Led to Crunch and Inflation
... huge scale, principally in order to keep export competitiveness up and current account deficits down. Over the seven years to March 2008, global foreign currency reserves jumped by $4,900bn (€3,175bn, £2,505bn), with China's reserves alone up by $1,500bn. Indeed, as much as 70 per cent of today's re ...
... huge scale, principally in order to keep export competitiveness up and current account deficits down. Over the seven years to March 2008, global foreign currency reserves jumped by $4,900bn (€3,175bn, £2,505bn), with China's reserves alone up by $1,500bn. Indeed, as much as 70 per cent of today's re ...
background
... The IMF mistook the East Asian crisis as a traditional balance-of-payments problem. while governments was running Surplus. IMF bailout policy pushed Asia further into recession with its demands for high interest rates and rigid monetary and fiscal policies. IMF intervention to close indebted banks a ...
... The IMF mistook the East Asian crisis as a traditional balance-of-payments problem. while governments was running Surplus. IMF bailout policy pushed Asia further into recession with its demands for high interest rates and rigid monetary and fiscal policies. IMF intervention to close indebted banks a ...
Sustainability News 1 - UNIMAK - the University of Makeni, Sierra
... Another crisis that arose in the early 1970’s was the first major oil price hike. It was the result of action during and subsequent to the Yom Kippur War in the Middle East. Oil prices rose by as much as 4 times that of their pre-crisis level and the oil consuming world became more aware of the frag ...
... Another crisis that arose in the early 1970’s was the first major oil price hike. It was the result of action during and subsequent to the Yom Kippur War in the Middle East. Oil prices rose by as much as 4 times that of their pre-crisis level and the oil consuming world became more aware of the frag ...
The Great Recession vs. The Great Depression
... • Keynes’s contribution: Replace the decline in private aggregate demand with increased public spending (and debt) • Friedman’s contribution: Keep the stock of money in circulation from declining to ensure that monetary liquidity is maintained • These lessons have been learned and applied • Debates ...
... • Keynes’s contribution: Replace the decline in private aggregate demand with increased public spending (and debt) • Friedman’s contribution: Keep the stock of money in circulation from declining to ensure that monetary liquidity is maintained • These lessons have been learned and applied • Debates ...
Homework assignment 7
... It will increase demand for U.S. dollars. b. It will decrease demand for U.S. dollars. c. It will increase supply of U.S. dollars. d. It will decrease supply of U.S. dollars. ...
... It will increase demand for U.S. dollars. b. It will decrease demand for U.S. dollars. c. It will increase supply of U.S. dollars. d. It will decrease supply of U.S. dollars. ...
Belize The economy experienced a reversal of fortunes in 2016, with
... excise duties and the general sales tax (GST). The fall in outgoings stemmed primarily from cuts to capital expenditure and net lending, reflecting the winding down of infrastructure projects that included roadworks in Belize City and a number of bridges and highways. The fiscal deficit is projected ...
... excise duties and the general sales tax (GST). The fall in outgoings stemmed primarily from cuts to capital expenditure and net lending, reflecting the winding down of infrastructure projects that included roadworks in Belize City and a number of bridges and highways. The fiscal deficit is projected ...
international banking bnfn 304 the world of international banking
... • The difference between imports and exports is balance of trade. When a nation buys more than it sells, it is said to have a “deficit’’ balance of trade; when it sells more than it buys it has a “surplus” balance of trade. A surplus of trade brings with it net international income. • The direction ...
... • The difference between imports and exports is balance of trade. When a nation buys more than it sells, it is said to have a “deficit’’ balance of trade; when it sells more than it buys it has a “surplus” balance of trade. A surplus of trade brings with it net international income. • The direction ...
The blurry frontiers of economic policy
... policy shifts) are increasingly affecting other economies and the global system, giving rise to what might be called “policy externalities” – that is, consequences that extend outside policymakers’ target environment. Of course, such externalities have always existed. But they used to be small. As t ...
... policy shifts) are increasingly affecting other economies and the global system, giving rise to what might be called “policy externalities” – that is, consequences that extend outside policymakers’ target environment. Of course, such externalities have always existed. But they used to be small. As t ...
Krzysztof Rybinski: Globalisation - Bank for International Settlements
... concept has stirred a very lively debate and has been forcefully criticised by many economists, including Willem Buiter 3 , a former EBRD chief economist. Another puzzle, described by the Federal Reserve economist Kevin Lansing 4 , is the fact that the growing share of the US society is aging and wi ...
... concept has stirred a very lively debate and has been forcefully criticised by many economists, including Willem Buiter 3 , a former EBRD chief economist. Another puzzle, described by the Federal Reserve economist Kevin Lansing 4 , is the fact that the growing share of the US society is aging and wi ...
Bolivia_en.pdf
... economy, the monetary liquidity growth figures for the M1, M2 and M3 aggregates including foreign currency were lower than the above figures. The central bank’s goal since 2007 has been to hold down inflationary pressures on the economy, mainly by means of openmarket operations; it had to deal with ...
... economy, the monetary liquidity growth figures for the M1, M2 and M3 aggregates including foreign currency were lower than the above figures. The central bank’s goal since 2007 has been to hold down inflationary pressures on the economy, mainly by means of openmarket operations; it had to deal with ...
Peru_en.pdf
... According to estimates, the current account of the balance of payments posted a larger deficit in 2014 than in 2013. During the first nine months of the year, the deficit amounted to US$ 8.334 billion, 3.8% more than in the same period in 2013. During that period, exports slumped 10.7% overall, main ...
... According to estimates, the current account of the balance of payments posted a larger deficit in 2014 than in 2013. During the first nine months of the year, the deficit amounted to US$ 8.334 billion, 3.8% more than in the same period in 2013. During that period, exports slumped 10.7% overall, main ...
Balance of Payments Adjustment Policies
... • Deficit might lead to depreciation in the exchange rate – Change in relative prices of exports and imports – Expenditure-switching towards exports and away from imports – Depends on price elasticity of demand for X and M and also elasticity of supply ...
... • Deficit might lead to depreciation in the exchange rate – Change in relative prices of exports and imports – Expenditure-switching towards exports and away from imports – Depends on price elasticity of demand for X and M and also elasticity of supply ...
Bretton-Woods II
... countries would give up sovereignty to IMF • China Yuan • Country still has capital controls – limited bond market • Currency not used much internationally • System may evolve in this direction as dollar and British pound did before dollar dominance – perhaps by 2030 • Greater role of IMF in providi ...
... countries would give up sovereignty to IMF • China Yuan • Country still has capital controls – limited bond market • Currency not used much internationally • System may evolve in this direction as dollar and British pound did before dollar dominance – perhaps by 2030 • Greater role of IMF in providi ...
The essentials of T
... including banks) has to acquire the fiat currency to pay its taxes. • If the Government is in deficit, then the surplus fiat currency in the private sector is accumulated as cash, bank reserves, or as Treasury Bonds (deposits offered by the CB). • The taxes are scrapped (as the CB wipes off liabilit ...
... including banks) has to acquire the fiat currency to pay its taxes. • If the Government is in deficit, then the surplus fiat currency in the private sector is accumulated as cash, bank reserves, or as Treasury Bonds (deposits offered by the CB). • The taxes are scrapped (as the CB wipes off liabilit ...