Plant Lipoxygenases. Physiological and Molecular Features
... linolenic acids, this leads to two possible products, the 9- and 13-hydroperoxy fatty acids (Siedow, 1991). In vitro, most LOXs prefer free fatty acids, though it has been shown that sterified fatty acids are also substrates for LOX in vivo (Feussner et al., 2001; Stelmach et al., 2001), suggesting ...
... linolenic acids, this leads to two possible products, the 9- and 13-hydroperoxy fatty acids (Siedow, 1991). In vitro, most LOXs prefer free fatty acids, though it has been shown that sterified fatty acids are also substrates for LOX in vivo (Feussner et al., 2001; Stelmach et al., 2001), suggesting ...
Fatty Acid Synthesis
... Fatty Acid Synthase complex (but it may produce short chain FAs) Further elongation and insertion of double bonds are carried out by ...
... Fatty Acid Synthase complex (but it may produce short chain FAs) Further elongation and insertion of double bonds are carried out by ...
Practice Exam III
... a). Enzymes theoretically stabilize the transition state of the reaction they catalyze. b). Enzymes alter the equilibrium distribution of the substrate(s) and product(s) of the reaction they catalyze. c). Enzymes reduce the activation energy of the reaction they catalyze. d). Enzymes employ a wide v ...
... a). Enzymes theoretically stabilize the transition state of the reaction they catalyze. b). Enzymes alter the equilibrium distribution of the substrate(s) and product(s) of the reaction they catalyze. c). Enzymes reduce the activation energy of the reaction they catalyze. d). Enzymes employ a wide v ...
Glycolysis 2
... ATP binds with equal affinity to the catalytic site regardless of the T or R state conformation of PFK-1 ATP binding to the allosteric effector site is highest when the protein is in the T state which functions to decrease fructose-6-P binding to the catalytic site AMP binding to the allosteric eff ...
... ATP binds with equal affinity to the catalytic site regardless of the T or R state conformation of PFK-1 ATP binding to the allosteric effector site is highest when the protein is in the T state which functions to decrease fructose-6-P binding to the catalytic site AMP binding to the allosteric eff ...
The relative importance of intracellular proteolysis and
... the ⬇ 100-kDa-protein band that appeared after chloramphenicol addition is not known (Fig. 2C). Moreover the intensities of this band increases parallel with the decreasing intensity of ppPA-band. It might be result of cross-reactions of proteolysis products with host proteins, as previously suggest ...
... the ⬇ 100-kDa-protein band that appeared after chloramphenicol addition is not known (Fig. 2C). Moreover the intensities of this band increases parallel with the decreasing intensity of ppPA-band. It might be result of cross-reactions of proteolysis products with host proteins, as previously suggest ...
Regulation of fatty acid oxidation in cells
... increase. These mitochondria respond in cold environments to adrenergic stimulation with uncontrolled fatty acid oxidation and heat production ...
... increase. These mitochondria respond in cold environments to adrenergic stimulation with uncontrolled fatty acid oxidation and heat production ...
投影片 1
... Figure 7. GSKIP causes b-catenin accumulation in the cytoplasm and nucleus and activates the reporter systems. (A) GSKIP induces b-catenin accumulation in the cytoplasm and nucleus as visualized by immunofluorescence. HeLa cells were co-transfected with GSKIP, GSKIP(L130P) or pIRES vector, together ...
... Figure 7. GSKIP causes b-catenin accumulation in the cytoplasm and nucleus and activates the reporter systems. (A) GSKIP induces b-catenin accumulation in the cytoplasm and nucleus as visualized by immunofluorescence. HeLa cells were co-transfected with GSKIP, GSKIP(L130P) or pIRES vector, together ...
Enzymes - OpenStax CNX
... of substrates so that bonds can be more easily broken, providing optimal environmental conditions for a reaction to occur, or participating directly in their chemical reaction by forming transient covalent bonds with the substrates. Enzyme action must be regulated so that in a given cell at a given ...
... of substrates so that bonds can be more easily broken, providing optimal environmental conditions for a reaction to occur, or participating directly in their chemical reaction by forming transient covalent bonds with the substrates. Enzyme action must be regulated so that in a given cell at a given ...
Enzymes - OpenStax CNX
... of substrates so that bonds can be more easily broken, providing optimal environmental conditions for a reaction to occur, or participating directly in their chemical reaction by forming transient covalent bonds with the substrates. Enzyme action must be regulated so that in a given cell at a given ...
... of substrates so that bonds can be more easily broken, providing optimal environmental conditions for a reaction to occur, or participating directly in their chemical reaction by forming transient covalent bonds with the substrates. Enzyme action must be regulated so that in a given cell at a given ...
Exam 4 KEY
... A. (4 pts) The conversion of phosphoenolpyruvate to pyruvate in the cytosol is an exergonic reaction catalyzed by the enzyme pyruvate kinase (ΔGº' = -31.4 kJ/mol). Since the reverse of this reaction is highly unfavorable (ΔGº' = +31.4 kJ/mol), explain how it is possible that the conversion of pyruva ...
... A. (4 pts) The conversion of phosphoenolpyruvate to pyruvate in the cytosol is an exergonic reaction catalyzed by the enzyme pyruvate kinase (ΔGº' = -31.4 kJ/mol). Since the reverse of this reaction is highly unfavorable (ΔGº' = +31.4 kJ/mol), explain how it is possible that the conversion of pyruva ...
Side-chain hydrophobicity scale derived from transmembrane
... side chains into the hydrophobic interior of a water-soluble protein (9). Therefore, the hydrophobic effect stabilizes both membrane and soluble proteins to an equivalent degree. We also used our ASP to calculate an insertion energy for the alanine side chain by multiplying it by alanine’s nonpolar ...
... side chains into the hydrophobic interior of a water-soluble protein (9). Therefore, the hydrophobic effect stabilizes both membrane and soluble proteins to an equivalent degree. We also used our ASP to calculate an insertion energy for the alanine side chain by multiplying it by alanine’s nonpolar ...
Hooked on fat: the role of lipid synthesis in cancer metabolism and
... including FAs and phospholipids, by de novo lipogenesis (Medes et al., 1953). These experiments found that tumour tissue shows levels of lipid biosynthesis that are comparable to that of liver tissue, which has a high rate of FA biosynthesis. Although Medes and colleagues noted that tumour tissue al ...
... including FAs and phospholipids, by de novo lipogenesis (Medes et al., 1953). These experiments found that tumour tissue shows levels of lipid biosynthesis that are comparable to that of liver tissue, which has a high rate of FA biosynthesis. Although Medes and colleagues noted that tumour tissue al ...
Bio9A Quiz 1 Study Guide
... c. Ribosomes – “protein making machine” (Fig 4.9) i. Made from RNA and proteins. ii. Found in cytosol, nuclear envelope, and rough ER. d. Endomembrane System (Fig 4.12) i. Endoplasmic Reticulum – “manufacturing center” (Fig 4.10) 1. Membranes form flattened tubes. Lumen is on inside. 2. Rough ER has ...
... c. Ribosomes – “protein making machine” (Fig 4.9) i. Made from RNA and proteins. ii. Found in cytosol, nuclear envelope, and rough ER. d. Endomembrane System (Fig 4.12) i. Endoplasmic Reticulum – “manufacturing center” (Fig 4.10) 1. Membranes form flattened tubes. Lumen is on inside. 2. Rough ER has ...
Enzymes
... Enzymes that are part of a metabolic pathway may be inhibited by the very product they create. This is called feedback inhibition. The amount of product generated will dictate the number of enzymes used or activated in that specific process. ...
... Enzymes that are part of a metabolic pathway may be inhibited by the very product they create. This is called feedback inhibition. The amount of product generated will dictate the number of enzymes used or activated in that specific process. ...
A glucose-responsive transcription factor that regulates
... to efficiently store nutrients as fat during periods of abundant food supply as a safeguard against periodic famine (1). Coupled with dramatic changes in modern lifestyle and food consumption, these ‘‘thrifty genes’’ may now contribute to health defects suffered by as many as half of the American po ...
... to efficiently store nutrients as fat during periods of abundant food supply as a safeguard against periodic famine (1). Coupled with dramatic changes in modern lifestyle and food consumption, these ‘‘thrifty genes’’ may now contribute to health defects suffered by as many as half of the American po ...
Complexity of dopamine metabolism | Cell Communication and
... a) it favors binding of regulatory 14-3-3 protein which in turn stabilizes TH [61-63] b) it facilitates Ser 40 phosphorylation (hierarchical phosphorylation) [64-66]. Phosphorylated Ser 31 results in a lowered Km value for BH4 binding and a slight increase in activity, but this increase is only mino ...
... a) it favors binding of regulatory 14-3-3 protein which in turn stabilizes TH [61-63] b) it facilitates Ser 40 phosphorylation (hierarchical phosphorylation) [64-66]. Phosphorylated Ser 31 results in a lowered Km value for BH4 binding and a slight increase in activity, but this increase is only mino ...
Document
... • catalyzes transfer of γ -glutamyl from glutathione on aminoacid and enables the aminoacid transport through membrane • serum GMT activity determination is used for evaluation of hepatobiliar diseases ...
... • catalyzes transfer of γ -glutamyl from glutathione on aminoacid and enables the aminoacid transport through membrane • serum GMT activity determination is used for evaluation of hepatobiliar diseases ...
cellular homeostasis - Advances in Physiology Education
... encyclopedia response.). Cells, like body fluids and compartments, use the chemistry of enzymes, organic and inorganic molecules, to carry out normal function. Many cells maintain a cytoplasmic pH (pHi) of 7.0–7.3 ([H⫹] ⫽ 50–100 nanomolar). Within this narrow range of pHi, i.e., [H⫹], many cellular ...
... encyclopedia response.). Cells, like body fluids and compartments, use the chemistry of enzymes, organic and inorganic molecules, to carry out normal function. Many cells maintain a cytoplasmic pH (pHi) of 7.0–7.3 ([H⫹] ⫽ 50–100 nanomolar). Within this narrow range of pHi, i.e., [H⫹], many cellular ...
C1qRP Is a Heavily O-Glycosylated Cell Surface Protein Involved in
... deduced from this cDNA indicates that the mature protein is composed of 631 amino acids, which is calculated to be 66,495 Da (14), while previous characterization of C1qRP demonstrated that it migrates in SDS-PAGE gels with a relative mobility of 100,000, which shifts upon reduction to 126,000. Whil ...
... deduced from this cDNA indicates that the mature protein is composed of 631 amino acids, which is calculated to be 66,495 Da (14), while previous characterization of C1qRP demonstrated that it migrates in SDS-PAGE gels with a relative mobility of 100,000, which shifts upon reduction to 126,000. Whil ...
What are Tetrahymena? - Department of Biological Sciences
... • Cold GTP doesn’t compete with hot ATP for binding (and vice-versa) • No cross-adaptation (behavior and binding) • ATP responses are inhibited by pertussis toxin, calphostin C and Rp-cAMPS but not GTP responses • The ATP receptor may be metabotropic (P2Y-like?) and the GTP receptor ionotropic (nove ...
... • Cold GTP doesn’t compete with hot ATP for binding (and vice-versa) • No cross-adaptation (behavior and binding) • ATP responses are inhibited by pertussis toxin, calphostin C and Rp-cAMPS but not GTP responses • The ATP receptor may be metabotropic (P2Y-like?) and the GTP receptor ionotropic (nove ...
The outer membrane of Borrelia
... • Treatment is challenging due to the resistance to both antimicrobials and host defenses. ...
... • Treatment is challenging due to the resistance to both antimicrobials and host defenses. ...
Murine model of obesity-induced type II diabetes by
... with variety of regulatory subunit. Because PP1c isoforms have nearly 90% amino acids identity, regulatory subunit of PP1 predominantly control the specificity and diversity of PP1 function (Figure 2). Regulatory subunits of PP1 is written as PPP1R (protein phosphatase 1 regulatory subunits), which ...
... with variety of regulatory subunit. Because PP1c isoforms have nearly 90% amino acids identity, regulatory subunit of PP1 predominantly control the specificity and diversity of PP1 function (Figure 2). Regulatory subunits of PP1 is written as PPP1R (protein phosphatase 1 regulatory subunits), which ...
Red Blood Cell Membrane Fatty Acids as a
... electro- phoresis or lipoprotein-a (Lp-a) are ordered. In addition to those tests listed above, at The Center we routinely measure red blood cell membrane (RBC) fatty acids using modifications of existing procedures.1-3 RBC membrane fatty acid analysis is a very difficult procedure to perform and Th ...
... electro- phoresis or lipoprotein-a (Lp-a) are ordered. In addition to those tests listed above, at The Center we routinely measure red blood cell membrane (RBC) fatty acids using modifications of existing procedures.1-3 RBC membrane fatty acid analysis is a very difficult procedure to perform and Th ...
Document
... very large multi-protein assembly in animals (fatty acid synthase, FAS). The fatty acid is attached to an acyl carrier protein (ACP), while other proteins perform an iterative two-carbon chain extension reaction that will yield the fatty acid. ...
... very large multi-protein assembly in animals (fatty acid synthase, FAS). The fatty acid is attached to an acyl carrier protein (ACP), while other proteins perform an iterative two-carbon chain extension reaction that will yield the fatty acid. ...
Lipid signaling
Lipid signaling, broadly defined, refers to any biological signaling event involving a lipid messenger that binds a protein target, such as a receptor, kinase or phosphatase, which in turn mediate the effects of these lipids on specific cellular responses. Lipid signaling is thought to be qualitatively different from other classical signaling paradigms (such as monoamine neurotransmission) because lipids can freely diffuse through membranes (see osmosis.) One consequence of this is that lipid messengers cannot be stored in vesicles prior to release and so are often biosynthesized ""on demand"" at their intended site of action. As such, many lipid signaling molecules cannot circulate freely in solution but, rather, exist bound to special carrier proteins in serum.