GLYCOLYSIS
... GLYCOLYSIS: The anaerobic breakdown of glucose This chart outlines the steps in the biochemical pathway called glycolysis. Glycolysis takes place in the cytoplasm of both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells GLUCOSE ...
... GLYCOLYSIS: The anaerobic breakdown of glucose This chart outlines the steps in the biochemical pathway called glycolysis. Glycolysis takes place in the cytoplasm of both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells GLUCOSE ...
Antioxidant activity of anacardic acids Food Chemistry
... to act as radical scavengers because they do not have the ability to donate a hydrogen atom to the peroxy radical derived from the autooxidizing fatty acids. Further evidence for this conclusion was obtained by a more direct experiment for the radical-scavenging activity, that can be measured as dec ...
... to act as radical scavengers because they do not have the ability to donate a hydrogen atom to the peroxy radical derived from the autooxidizing fatty acids. Further evidence for this conclusion was obtained by a more direct experiment for the radical-scavenging activity, that can be measured as dec ...
Protein and Lipid Catabolism
... • NADH oxidized back to NAD+ • Uses organic compound as terminal electron acceptor – Typically pyruvate or derivative • NO oxidative phosphorylation so ATP yield is low ...
... • NADH oxidized back to NAD+ • Uses organic compound as terminal electron acceptor – Typically pyruvate or derivative • NO oxidative phosphorylation so ATP yield is low ...
Biochemistry Ch 33 597-624 [4-20
... -Malonyl CoA levels are elevated when acetyl CoA carboxylase is activated, and thus fatty acid oxidation is inhibited while fatty acid synthesis is proceeding Elongation of Fatty Acids – after synthesis, palmitate is activated to form palmitoyl-CoA and other long chain fatty acids can be elongated 2 ...
... -Malonyl CoA levels are elevated when acetyl CoA carboxylase is activated, and thus fatty acid oxidation is inhibited while fatty acid synthesis is proceeding Elongation of Fatty Acids – after synthesis, palmitate is activated to form palmitoyl-CoA and other long chain fatty acids can be elongated 2 ...
Doc
... Body fluids and blood Body fluids, composition and functions of blood, hemopoeisis, formation of hemoglobin, anemia, mechanisms of coagulation, blood grouping, Rh factors, transfusion, its significance and disorders of blood. Lymphatic system Lymphatic organs and tissues, lymphatic vessels, lymph ci ...
... Body fluids and blood Body fluids, composition and functions of blood, hemopoeisis, formation of hemoglobin, anemia, mechanisms of coagulation, blood grouping, Rh factors, transfusion, its significance and disorders of blood. Lymphatic system Lymphatic organs and tissues, lymphatic vessels, lymph ci ...
Lab#6 Prelab CARBOXYLIC ACIDS
... The ester formed in the reaction above, pentyl ethanoate, has the distinct aroma of bananas. Many esters have pleasant aromas and flavors, and occur naturally in foods. Esters are often added to foods as artificial flavors. They are also used in perfumes. The Greek delta symbol (∆) is written below ...
... The ester formed in the reaction above, pentyl ethanoate, has the distinct aroma of bananas. Many esters have pleasant aromas and flavors, and occur naturally in foods. Esters are often added to foods as artificial flavors. They are also used in perfumes. The Greek delta symbol (∆) is written below ...
Carbonyl Chemistry - Fundamentals
... o carbonyl carbon is bonded to two alkyl (or aryl) groups - replace “e” from the name of the parent hydrocarbon and adding “one” - the chain is numbered in the direction that gives the carbonyl carbon the ...
... o carbonyl carbon is bonded to two alkyl (or aryl) groups - replace “e” from the name of the parent hydrocarbon and adding “one” - the chain is numbered in the direction that gives the carbonyl carbon the ...
Supplementary Information
... and untreated meteorites performed very similarly, in accordance with previous studies conducted with different type of meteorites (63). The reactions were performed by heating freshly distilled NH2COH (1.0 mL) at 140°C for 24 hours in the presence of the appropriate meteorite sample (1.0% by weight ...
... and untreated meteorites performed very similarly, in accordance with previous studies conducted with different type of meteorites (63). The reactions were performed by heating freshly distilled NH2COH (1.0 mL) at 140°C for 24 hours in the presence of the appropriate meteorite sample (1.0% by weight ...
Lipid Metabolism - Creighton Chemistry Webserver
... Not enough insulin, tissues cannot take up glc efficiently from blood to use as fuel or store as fat Malonyl CoA (fatty acid biosynthesis) not formed, so carnitine acyltransferase I not inhibited Fatty acids enter mitochondria to be degraded to acetyl CoA (which cannot go to TCA because cycle interm ...
... Not enough insulin, tissues cannot take up glc efficiently from blood to use as fuel or store as fat Malonyl CoA (fatty acid biosynthesis) not formed, so carnitine acyltransferase I not inhibited Fatty acids enter mitochondria to be degraded to acetyl CoA (which cannot go to TCA because cycle interm ...
Review #7: Solutions, Acids and Bases 1. Definitions: a) Solution: a
... e) An example of a solid in solid solution is: brass (zinc in copper), stainless steel (chromium in iron) f) Two examples of alloys are: brass, stainless steel, bronze, sterling silver, white gold etc g) An acid solution tastes sour. h) An acid will cause bromothymol blue indicator to turn yellow. i ...
... e) An example of a solid in solid solution is: brass (zinc in copper), stainless steel (chromium in iron) f) Two examples of alloys are: brass, stainless steel, bronze, sterling silver, white gold etc g) An acid solution tastes sour. h) An acid will cause bromothymol blue indicator to turn yellow. i ...
Carbohydrate Catabolism Cellular Respiration
... – Any spoilage of food by microorganisms – Any process that produces alcoholic beverages or acidic dairy products – Scientific definition: – Releases energy from oxidation of organic molecules – Does not require oxygen – Does not use the Krebs cycle or ETC – Uses an organic molecule as the final ele ...
... – Any spoilage of food by microorganisms – Any process that produces alcoholic beverages or acidic dairy products – Scientific definition: – Releases energy from oxidation of organic molecules – Does not require oxygen – Does not use the Krebs cycle or ETC – Uses an organic molecule as the final ele ...
Amino Acid Metabolism
... Branched-chain -keto acid dehydrogenase complex • In certain body tissues, this enzyme catalyzes the oxidative decarboxylation of valine, isoleucine, and leucine yielding CO2, and acyl-CoA derivatives. • Shares ancestry with pyruvate dehydrogenase complex, -KG dehydrogenase complex – another exam ...
... Branched-chain -keto acid dehydrogenase complex • In certain body tissues, this enzyme catalyzes the oxidative decarboxylation of valine, isoleucine, and leucine yielding CO2, and acyl-CoA derivatives. • Shares ancestry with pyruvate dehydrogenase complex, -KG dehydrogenase complex – another exam ...
lec27_2013 - Andrew.cmu.edu
... i) the substrate is used to name the enzyme, Keep in mind that many enzymatic reactions run in both directions in metabolism, consequently the “product” may be used to name the enzyme. ii) the nature of the chemical reaction. iii) most names end in “-ase” Enzymes Involved in Group Transfer Reactions ...
... i) the substrate is used to name the enzyme, Keep in mind that many enzymatic reactions run in both directions in metabolism, consequently the “product” may be used to name the enzyme. ii) the nature of the chemical reaction. iii) most names end in “-ase” Enzymes Involved in Group Transfer Reactions ...
Human Metabolism Compared to Other Species
... We are more closely related to eukaryotes than bacteria. ...
... We are more closely related to eukaryotes than bacteria. ...
Lipids and Carbohydrates
... Different types of lipids have different impacts on human health. Saturated fats, including artificially saturated trans fats, have the ability to raise “bad” cholesterol (LDL or low-density lipoprotein) levels and lower “good“ cholesterol (HDL or highdensity lipoprotein) levels, building up fatty m ...
... Different types of lipids have different impacts on human health. Saturated fats, including artificially saturated trans fats, have the ability to raise “bad” cholesterol (LDL or low-density lipoprotein) levels and lower “good“ cholesterol (HDL or highdensity lipoprotein) levels, building up fatty m ...
Fatty Acid Biosynthesis: Source of Acetyl-CoA and
... ALDH and ACS [5]. These characterizations have identified paralogous genes that code for each subunit of these enzymes. Specifically, the four subunits of the plastidic ACC (biotin carrier subunit, biotin carboxylase and the α and β subunits of the carboxyltransferase) appear to be coded by five gen ...
... ALDH and ACS [5]. These characterizations have identified paralogous genes that code for each subunit of these enzymes. Specifically, the four subunits of the plastidic ACC (biotin carrier subunit, biotin carboxylase and the α and β subunits of the carboxyltransferase) appear to be coded by five gen ...
Cellular Respiration Review
... Organisms obtain energy in a process called (a) cellular respiration. This process harvests electrons from carbon compounds, such as (b)glucose, and uses that energy to make (c)ATP. ATP is used to provide (d)energy for cells to do work. In (e)_glycolysis, glucose is broken down into pyruvate. Glycol ...
... Organisms obtain energy in a process called (a) cellular respiration. This process harvests electrons from carbon compounds, such as (b)glucose, and uses that energy to make (c)ATP. ATP is used to provide (d)energy for cells to do work. In (e)_glycolysis, glucose is broken down into pyruvate. Glycol ...
Document
... 6.16 Cells use many kinds of organic molecules as fuel for cellular respiration • Polysaccharides can be hydrolyzed to monosaccharides and then converted to glucose for glycolysis • Proteins can be digested to amino acids, which are chemically altered and then used in the ...
... 6.16 Cells use many kinds of organic molecules as fuel for cellular respiration • Polysaccharides can be hydrolyzed to monosaccharides and then converted to glucose for glycolysis • Proteins can be digested to amino acids, which are chemically altered and then used in the ...
Carbohydrate Catabolism in the Presence of Oxygen Releases a
... Some bacteria and archaea use other electron acceptors. Geobacter metallireducens can use iron (Fe3+) or uranium, making it ...
... Some bacteria and archaea use other electron acceptors. Geobacter metallireducens can use iron (Fe3+) or uranium, making it ...
Cellular Respiration PPT 12-13-Cooke
... • NADH and FADH2 from earlier give up electrons which goes through a series of carrier molecules to provide energy to produce ATP. • H+ ions are used to drive the process. They combine with O2 to produce H2O. ...
... • NADH and FADH2 from earlier give up electrons which goes through a series of carrier molecules to provide energy to produce ATP. • H+ ions are used to drive the process. They combine with O2 to produce H2O. ...
Chapter 8
... transfer in their membranes to produce ATP • Example: Such bacteria include those that reduce sulfate to hydrogen sulfide (foul smelling gas) and those that convert nitrate to nitrite ...
... transfer in their membranes to produce ATP • Example: Such bacteria include those that reduce sulfate to hydrogen sulfide (foul smelling gas) and those that convert nitrate to nitrite ...
Section 5: Enzymes, Equilibrium, Energy and the
... prevented because the required intermediate product (dihydropteroic acid) cannot be formed. The DHPS enzyme remains active and thus the action of the antibiotic is reversible—as antibiotic is removed (as concentration decreases) the normal reaction can proceed. In contrast, the action of β-lactams i ...
... prevented because the required intermediate product (dihydropteroic acid) cannot be formed. The DHPS enzyme remains active and thus the action of the antibiotic is reversible—as antibiotic is removed (as concentration decreases) the normal reaction can proceed. In contrast, the action of β-lactams i ...
Anabolism
... The high-energy electrons still contain most of the chemical energy of the original glucose molecule. Special carrier molecules bring the high-energy electrons to a series of enzymes that convert much of the remaining energy to more ATP molecules. The other products are heat and water. The function ...
... The high-energy electrons still contain most of the chemical energy of the original glucose molecule. Special carrier molecules bring the high-energy electrons to a series of enzymes that convert much of the remaining energy to more ATP molecules. The other products are heat and water. The function ...
CELLULAR RESPIRATION STATIONS
... Generation of ATP Part 2 • The FO component of ATP synthase acts as an ion channel for return of protons back to mitochondrial matrix. • Proton Gradient (H+) that was created through the moving of the electron through the ETC is used by the ATP Synthase to create ATP • Coupling with oxidative phosp ...
... Generation of ATP Part 2 • The FO component of ATP synthase acts as an ion channel for return of protons back to mitochondrial matrix. • Proton Gradient (H+) that was created through the moving of the electron through the ETC is used by the ATP Synthase to create ATP • Coupling with oxidative phosp ...
ATPs and - Walton High
... carbon pieces by a process known as Beta Oxidation. Since the fatty acid chains can be up to 20 carbons long there is a very great deal of energy stored in fats. ...
... carbon pieces by a process known as Beta Oxidation. Since the fatty acid chains can be up to 20 carbons long there is a very great deal of energy stored in fats. ...
Butyric acid
Butyric acid (from Greek βούτῡρον, meaning ""butter""), also known under the systematic name butanoic acid, abbreviated BTA, is a carboxylic acid with the structural formula CH3CH2CH2-COOH. Salts and esters of butyric acid are known as butyrates or butanoates. Butyric acid is found in milk, especially goat, sheep and buffalo milk, butter, parmesan cheese, and as a product of anaerobic fermentation (including in the colon and as body odor). It has an unpleasant smell and acrid taste, with a sweetish aftertaste (similar to ether). It can be detected by mammals with good scent detection abilities (such as dogs) at 10 parts per billion, whereas humans can detect it in concentrations above 10 parts per million.Butyric acid is present in, and is the main distinctive smell of, human vomit.Butyric acid was first observed (in impure form) in 1814 by the French chemist Michel Eugène Chevreul. By 1818, he had purified it sufficiently to characterize it. The name of butyric acid comes from the Latin word for butter, butyrum (or buturum), the substance in which butyric acid was first found.