intermediate chemistry may 2011 marking scheme
... (c) Describe carefully a test to distinguish between aldehydes and ketones. In your answer explain how the test is carried out and the result obtained with each compound. Either the Fehling test or the silver mirror test. Method = 2; observation = 1; chemical explanation of observation = 2 ...
... (c) Describe carefully a test to distinguish between aldehydes and ketones. In your answer explain how the test is carried out and the result obtained with each compound. Either the Fehling test or the silver mirror test. Method = 2; observation = 1; chemical explanation of observation = 2 ...
•High Boiling Point •High Specific Heat (Heat Capacity) •Very polar
... •Requires the sugar to be linear so that carbonyl is accessible (but remember that cyclic sugars can open up and then be reducing) These are reducing because an OH is attached to the anomeric ...
... •Requires the sugar to be linear so that carbonyl is accessible (but remember that cyclic sugars can open up and then be reducing) These are reducing because an OH is attached to the anomeric ...
The Microbiological Degradation of Aromatic Compounds
... utilize benzoate under strictly anaerobic conditions in the light. Finally, there exists an anaerobic type of aromatic ring metabo1ism-e.g. the so-called methane fermentation of benzoate, although it is doubtful whether these methane bacteria are in pure culture. These microbes produce, mostly as a ...
... utilize benzoate under strictly anaerobic conditions in the light. Finally, there exists an anaerobic type of aromatic ring metabo1ism-e.g. the so-called methane fermentation of benzoate, although it is doubtful whether these methane bacteria are in pure culture. These microbes produce, mostly as a ...
ppt slides
... •Requires the sugar to be linear so that carbonyl is accessible (but remember that cyclic sugars can open up and then be reducing) These are reducing because an OH is attached to the anomeric ...
... •Requires the sugar to be linear so that carbonyl is accessible (but remember that cyclic sugars can open up and then be reducing) These are reducing because an OH is attached to the anomeric ...
Chapter 18
... phosphopantetheine are carriers of acyl groups which are attached in thiolester linkage to the terminal SH. The thiol esters ha ve high negative free energies of hydrolysis, and they also help to labilize the hydrogens on the alpha carbon. 5’Deoxyadenosylcobalamin has a carbon-cobalt bond, and it is ...
... phosphopantetheine are carriers of acyl groups which are attached in thiolester linkage to the terminal SH. The thiol esters ha ve high negative free energies of hydrolysis, and they also help to labilize the hydrogens on the alpha carbon. 5’Deoxyadenosylcobalamin has a carbon-cobalt bond, and it is ...
syllabusbioch205 - OSU Biochemistry and Molecular Biology
... 6. To learn the energetic relationships. 7. To learn the chemical principles of metabolism and biochemical conversions. 8. To learn the enzymes and coenzymes involved in metabolism and how they participate in the reactions. 9. To learn how metabolic signals are sent, received, interpreted, and answe ...
... 6. To learn the energetic relationships. 7. To learn the chemical principles of metabolism and biochemical conversions. 8. To learn the enzymes and coenzymes involved in metabolism and how they participate in the reactions. 9. To learn how metabolic signals are sent, received, interpreted, and answe ...
IUPAC-IUB Commission on Biochemical Nomenclature
... 8.1. In this illustration, the sequences of two of the fragments (A.C.D and G.H.I in d), while not determined, are inferred with good confidence, which is indicated by dots instead of commas between their residues. Where such inferences cannot be made with confidence, commas, which retain their orig ...
... 8.1. In this illustration, the sequences of two of the fragments (A.C.D and G.H.I in d), while not determined, are inferred with good confidence, which is indicated by dots instead of commas between their residues. Where such inferences cannot be made with confidence, commas, which retain their orig ...
Rudolph Vogi Dimitrios Oreopoulos Amino Acid
... To the Editor: In this journal, Peters reviewed recent progress in the understanding of the structure and biosynthesis of albumin (1). Therein, the complete amino acid sequence of bovine serum albumin as reported by Brown (2) is reproduced. The sequences of nine peptides obtained ...
... To the Editor: In this journal, Peters reviewed recent progress in the understanding of the structure and biosynthesis of albumin (1). Therein, the complete amino acid sequence of bovine serum albumin as reported by Brown (2) is reproduced. The sequences of nine peptides obtained ...
Respiration
... 1. What is the chemical equation for cellular respiration? 2. Remember: OILRIG A. In the conversion of glucose and oxygen to CO2 and H2O, which molecule is reduced? B. Which is oxidized? C. What happens to the energy that is released in this redox reaction? 3. NAD+ is called a(n) ________________. ...
... 1. What is the chemical equation for cellular respiration? 2. Remember: OILRIG A. In the conversion of glucose and oxygen to CO2 and H2O, which molecule is reduced? B. Which is oxidized? C. What happens to the energy that is released in this redox reaction? 3. NAD+ is called a(n) ________________. ...
Topics To Know For Chapter 6
... alcoholic fermentation ? Which industries depend on this process ? - glucose - CO2 - pyruvate - ATP ( total and net ) - alcohol - substrate phosphorylation 11. Be able to describe the events of lactic acid fermentation. What kind of cells carry out lactic acid fermentation ? - skeletal muscle - oxyg ...
... alcoholic fermentation ? Which industries depend on this process ? - glucose - CO2 - pyruvate - ATP ( total and net ) - alcohol - substrate phosphorylation 11. Be able to describe the events of lactic acid fermentation. What kind of cells carry out lactic acid fermentation ? - skeletal muscle - oxyg ...
The Citric acid cycle
... Substrates have to flow across the outer and inner parts of the mitochondria ...
... Substrates have to flow across the outer and inner parts of the mitochondria ...
Metabolic Minimap article
... force that then drives ATP synthesis. Mitochondrial ATP formation seemed to be a more accurate description for the whole process than ATP synthesis, because there are 14 prior reactions in the synthesis of ADP. Three pathways are shown in this minimap (Fig. 1), the citric acid cycle, including pyruv ...
... force that then drives ATP synthesis. Mitochondrial ATP formation seemed to be a more accurate description for the whole process than ATP synthesis, because there are 14 prior reactions in the synthesis of ADP. Three pathways are shown in this minimap (Fig. 1), the citric acid cycle, including pyruv ...
Lh6Ch18AAOxid
... Things to Know and Do Before Class 1. Amino acids from protein are an important energy source in carnivorous animals and during starvation. 2. The first step of AA catabolism is transfer of the NH3 via PLP-dependent aminotransferase usually to ketoglutarate to yield L-glutamate. 3. In most mammal ...
... Things to Know and Do Before Class 1. Amino acids from protein are an important energy source in carnivorous animals and during starvation. 2. The first step of AA catabolism is transfer of the NH3 via PLP-dependent aminotransferase usually to ketoglutarate to yield L-glutamate. 3. In most mammal ...
Urinary Organic Acids - Peirson Center for Children
... Despite the substantial information provided in the Urinary Organic Acids Profile, the interpretation is simplified by focussing on the fact that the data provides answers to four basic questions of clinical relevance: 1. Is the production of mitochondrial energy adversely affected? 2. Are functio ...
... Despite the substantial information provided in the Urinary Organic Acids Profile, the interpretation is simplified by focussing on the fact that the data provides answers to four basic questions of clinical relevance: 1. Is the production of mitochondrial energy adversely affected? 2. Are functio ...
Amino acids
... covalently bonded structures and also because carbon compounds vary greatly in the type of interactions they have with water. For example some carbon compounds, such as most lipids, have strictly hydrophobic interactions with water, others such as sugars are hydrophilic. Still others such as protein ...
... covalently bonded structures and also because carbon compounds vary greatly in the type of interactions they have with water. For example some carbon compounds, such as most lipids, have strictly hydrophobic interactions with water, others such as sugars are hydrophilic. Still others such as protein ...
6 Energy
... 16 NADH from glycolysis need to be reduced. The Electron Transport System (aka oxidative phosphorylation, or cellular respiration) also takes place in the mitochondria. Here, the NADH molecules from glycolysis and the TCA cycle are oxidized back to NAD so glycolysis can continue. It also generates 3 ...
... 16 NADH from glycolysis need to be reduced. The Electron Transport System (aka oxidative phosphorylation, or cellular respiration) also takes place in the mitochondria. Here, the NADH molecules from glycolysis and the TCA cycle are oxidized back to NAD so glycolysis can continue. It also generates 3 ...
Chapter 24
... cytosol, the labeling pattern described above will result. However, where citrate is instead metabolized in the citric acid cycle, back to oxaloacetate, label derived from acetyl-CoA shows up at carbons 1, 2, 3 and 4 of oxaloacetate. These carbons do not get incorporated into palmitoylCoA. 3. Based ...
... cytosol, the labeling pattern described above will result. However, where citrate is instead metabolized in the citric acid cycle, back to oxaloacetate, label derived from acetyl-CoA shows up at carbons 1, 2, 3 and 4 of oxaloacetate. These carbons do not get incorporated into palmitoylCoA. 3. Based ...
Regulation of the Citric Acid Cycle
... VI. The Glyoxylate Cycle of Plants, Yeast and Bacteria Plants, fungi, algae, protozoans and bacteria can thrive on two carbon compounds such as acetate, ethanol and acetyl-CoA, as their sole carbon source. In the citric acid cycle, we have seen how acetyl-CoA is oxidized into 2 molecules of CO2 to g ...
... VI. The Glyoxylate Cycle of Plants, Yeast and Bacteria Plants, fungi, algae, protozoans and bacteria can thrive on two carbon compounds such as acetate, ethanol and acetyl-CoA, as their sole carbon source. In the citric acid cycle, we have seen how acetyl-CoA is oxidized into 2 molecules of CO2 to g ...
A summary of amino acid metabolism based on amino acid structure
... first catabolized to oxaloacetate or succinyl C o A also relates to the structure of the amino acid. The more reduced of these amino acids contain more than four carbon to hydrogen bonds and are catabolized to the more reduced 'four-carbon' intermediate, succinyl C o A (Figs 1, 2 and 3b). In contras ...
... first catabolized to oxaloacetate or succinyl C o A also relates to the structure of the amino acid. The more reduced of these amino acids contain more than four carbon to hydrogen bonds and are catabolized to the more reduced 'four-carbon' intermediate, succinyl C o A (Figs 1, 2 and 3b). In contras ...
Widger BCHS 3304 Practice Exam I-
... 3). When 1 mole of crystalline sucrose is placed in 1 L pure water, the reaction vessel gets cool to the touch, and it takes many minutes for all of the sucrose to dissolve at room temperature. Given what you know of thermodynamics, what are the signs of the values of the change in enthalpy and entr ...
... 3). When 1 mole of crystalline sucrose is placed in 1 L pure water, the reaction vessel gets cool to the touch, and it takes many minutes for all of the sucrose to dissolve at room temperature. Given what you know of thermodynamics, what are the signs of the values of the change in enthalpy and entr ...
Litmus Milk Test
... positive should happen). Thus, you would be advised to use litmus milk as a confirmatory test, but not a definitive test (except as a last resort). Introduction Litmus milk is a complex medium that can potentially distinguish among many species of bacteria. Litmus milk has several components that ca ...
... positive should happen). Thus, you would be advised to use litmus milk as a confirmatory test, but not a definitive test (except as a last resort). Introduction Litmus milk is a complex medium that can potentially distinguish among many species of bacteria. Litmus milk has several components that ca ...
lo_ppt20
... • R groups also called side chains • Classified as either polar or non-polar – Non-polar contain mostly C & H ...
... • R groups also called side chains • Classified as either polar or non-polar – Non-polar contain mostly C & H ...
Lab 6
... In case of the liquid state, the constancy of the liquid material should be observed (mobile, oily or viscous). Also, determine if the unknown is true liquid or solution by adding anhydrous copper sulphate placed in a watch glass. The color will not be changed with true liquids while with solutions ...
... In case of the liquid state, the constancy of the liquid material should be observed (mobile, oily or viscous). Also, determine if the unknown is true liquid or solution by adding anhydrous copper sulphate placed in a watch glass. The color will not be changed with true liquids while with solutions ...
Butyric acid
Butyric acid (from Greek βούτῡρον, meaning ""butter""), also known under the systematic name butanoic acid, abbreviated BTA, is a carboxylic acid with the structural formula CH3CH2CH2-COOH. Salts and esters of butyric acid are known as butyrates or butanoates. Butyric acid is found in milk, especially goat, sheep and buffalo milk, butter, parmesan cheese, and as a product of anaerobic fermentation (including in the colon and as body odor). It has an unpleasant smell and acrid taste, with a sweetish aftertaste (similar to ether). It can be detected by mammals with good scent detection abilities (such as dogs) at 10 parts per billion, whereas humans can detect it in concentrations above 10 parts per million.Butyric acid is present in, and is the main distinctive smell of, human vomit.Butyric acid was first observed (in impure form) in 1814 by the French chemist Michel Eugène Chevreul. By 1818, he had purified it sufficiently to characterize it. The name of butyric acid comes from the Latin word for butter, butyrum (or buturum), the substance in which butyric acid was first found.