Ch.5-Cellular Respiration
... with oxaloacetate to form citric acid. In 1 turn of the cycle, the 2 C atoms that were originally in glucose are removed as CO2. Pyruvate is oxidized, NAD+ and FAD are reduced. Free E is transferred to ATP, NADH, and FADH2 ...
... with oxaloacetate to form citric acid. In 1 turn of the cycle, the 2 C atoms that were originally in glucose are removed as CO2. Pyruvate is oxidized, NAD+ and FAD are reduced. Free E is transferred to ATP, NADH, and FADH2 ...
Anaerobic Pathways Lesson Plan
... Draw diagram (glucose pyruvate; with oxygen, pyruvate citric acid cycle electron transport chain; without oxygen, pyruvate fermentation) Identical reactants in both fermentation reactions Regeneration of NAD+ by means other than electron transport chain Inefficient compared to aerobic respir ...
... Draw diagram (glucose pyruvate; with oxygen, pyruvate citric acid cycle electron transport chain; without oxygen, pyruvate fermentation) Identical reactants in both fermentation reactions Regeneration of NAD+ by means other than electron transport chain Inefficient compared to aerobic respir ...
WEEK 8 - WordPress.com
... 36 or 38 ATP In some cases: -2 NADH are produced during glycolysis -Sometimes NADH cannot cross mitochondrial membranes to go to ETC, but the e- from NADH can be shuttled -This shuttling costs the cell 1 ATP for each NADH that is shuttled which reduces the count of ATP from 38 to 36 -36 is the usua ...
... 36 or 38 ATP In some cases: -2 NADH are produced during glycolysis -Sometimes NADH cannot cross mitochondrial membranes to go to ETC, but the e- from NADH can be shuttled -This shuttling costs the cell 1 ATP for each NADH that is shuttled which reduces the count of ATP from 38 to 36 -36 is the usua ...
PDF
... decreased energy charge immediately upon anaerobicity. Unexpectedly, readily available sources of carbon and energy, trehalose and glycogen, were not activated in homolactate strains as they were in reference strains that produce ethanol. Finally, the anticipated increase in maximal velocity (Vmax) ...
... decreased energy charge immediately upon anaerobicity. Unexpectedly, readily available sources of carbon and energy, trehalose and glycogen, were not activated in homolactate strains as they were in reference strains that produce ethanol. Finally, the anticipated increase in maximal velocity (Vmax) ...
ANSWERS TO PROBLEMS
... from which the water film moves away depends on how oily the finger is. 11. Wetting is a phenomenon which depends to a large extent on the difference between the adhesive force between a liquid and the surface in contact and the cohesive force between the molecules of the liquid which is also a meas ...
... from which the water film moves away depends on how oily the finger is. 11. Wetting is a phenomenon which depends to a large extent on the difference between the adhesive force between a liquid and the surface in contact and the cohesive force between the molecules of the liquid which is also a meas ...
Biol 1020: Making ATP
... most, but not all, organisms can use a form of this process at least some of the time ...
... most, but not all, organisms can use a form of this process at least some of the time ...
INTRODUCING AMINO ACIDS
... ammonium (9.69) groups. Thus, the pI for alanine is calculated to be: (2.34 + 9.69)/2 = 6.02, the experimentally determined value. If additional acidic or basic groups are present as side-chain functions, the pI is the average of the pKa's of the two most similar acids. To assist in determining simi ...
... ammonium (9.69) groups. Thus, the pI for alanine is calculated to be: (2.34 + 9.69)/2 = 6.02, the experimentally determined value. If additional acidic or basic groups are present as side-chain functions, the pI is the average of the pKa's of the two most similar acids. To assist in determining simi ...
Sugar beet syrups in lactic acid fermentation – Part I
... the analytical data might also give a first hint. Most important are the amino acids, not only in terms of the metabolism of microorganisms but also in terms of the process costs. Especially for lactic acid bacteria several amino acids that differ from strain to strain are essential. The experiments ...
... the analytical data might also give a first hint. Most important are the amino acids, not only in terms of the metabolism of microorganisms but also in terms of the process costs. Especially for lactic acid bacteria several amino acids that differ from strain to strain are essential. The experiments ...
PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LECTURE “AEROBIC PHASE OF
... donor to cvtochrome c, gives values of 0.8 to 0.9. Results such as these (for both plant and animal mitochondria) have led to the general concept that there are three sites of energy conservation along the election transport chain, at complexes I, III, and IV. The experimental ADP:0 ratios agree qu ...
... donor to cvtochrome c, gives values of 0.8 to 0.9. Results such as these (for both plant and animal mitochondria) have led to the general concept that there are three sites of energy conservation along the election transport chain, at complexes I, III, and IV. The experimental ADP:0 ratios agree qu ...
QTL analysis of yield traits in an advanced backcross
... were detected through re-sequencing. The constructed plasmid was transformed into E. coli strain BL21 and grown in 50 mL LB medium containing 50 ug/ml kanamycin at 37°C to a optical density of A 600=0.6~0.8. The expression of recombinant protein was induced by adding isopropyl β-D-thiogalactoside (I ...
... were detected through re-sequencing. The constructed plasmid was transformed into E. coli strain BL21 and grown in 50 mL LB medium containing 50 ug/ml kanamycin at 37°C to a optical density of A 600=0.6~0.8. The expression of recombinant protein was induced by adding isopropyl β-D-thiogalactoside (I ...
Control of Fatty-Acid Biosynthesis by Long
... effective. The addition of 10mM Mg2+ allows a five-fold higher incorporation of palmitoyl-CoA into phosphatidic acid bilayers (curve IV). This effect is in accord with the known complex formation between phosphatidic acid bilayers and divalent cations leading to surface charge neutralization [21]. ( ...
... effective. The addition of 10mM Mg2+ allows a five-fold higher incorporation of palmitoyl-CoA into phosphatidic acid bilayers (curve IV). This effect is in accord with the known complex formation between phosphatidic acid bilayers and divalent cations leading to surface charge neutralization [21]. ( ...
Practice Problems on Carbohydrates
... A) Individual units of sugars are typically linked by O-glycoside bonds to form oligomers and polymers. B) In the acid-catalyzed formation of a hemiacetal from an aldehyde and an alcohol, the carbonyl group is protonated to make it better nucleophile. C) Acetals are resistant to alkaline (basic) con ...
... A) Individual units of sugars are typically linked by O-glycoside bonds to form oligomers and polymers. B) In the acid-catalyzed formation of a hemiacetal from an aldehyde and an alcohol, the carbonyl group is protonated to make it better nucleophile. C) Acetals are resistant to alkaline (basic) con ...
sample written evaluation
... Metabolic costs of amino acids are presented in table 1. The costs range from 11.7 to 74.3 and are calculated as: # of phosphate bonds + # of hydrogen atoms lost to the metabolic pathway by the diversion of the precursor metabolite. Figure 1 illustrates the pathways involved in diverting precursor m ...
... Metabolic costs of amino acids are presented in table 1. The costs range from 11.7 to 74.3 and are calculated as: # of phosphate bonds + # of hydrogen atoms lost to the metabolic pathway by the diversion of the precursor metabolite. Figure 1 illustrates the pathways involved in diverting precursor m ...
Chapter05, 06 代谢引论糖代谢
... Rationale for this enzyme - repositions the phosphate to make PEP Note the phospho-histidine intermediates! Zelda Rose showed that a bit of 2,3-BPG is required to phosphorylate His Rx 9: Enolase 2-P-Gly to PEP How can such a reaction create a PEP? "Energy content" of 2-PG and PEP are similar Enolase ...
... Rationale for this enzyme - repositions the phosphate to make PEP Note the phospho-histidine intermediates! Zelda Rose showed that a bit of 2,3-BPG is required to phosphorylate His Rx 9: Enolase 2-P-Gly to PEP How can such a reaction create a PEP? "Energy content" of 2-PG and PEP are similar Enolase ...
Interval Training Interval Training Understand Energy Systems to
... Recovery – light exercise to decrease ATP resynthesis and increase lactic acid removal Work:rest ratio – 1:2 z ...
... Recovery – light exercise to decrease ATP resynthesis and increase lactic acid removal Work:rest ratio – 1:2 z ...
Amino acid catabolism
... Oxidative deamination: In liver the amino gp of glutamate is released as amonia, regenerating generating a-ketoglutarate, by an enzyme glutamate dehydrogenase. Glutamate dehydrogenase requires NAD+ or NADP+ as cofactor. This is the only enzyme known that has specificity for both type of cofactor. Th ...
... Oxidative deamination: In liver the amino gp of glutamate is released as amonia, regenerating generating a-ketoglutarate, by an enzyme glutamate dehydrogenase. Glutamate dehydrogenase requires NAD+ or NADP+ as cofactor. This is the only enzyme known that has specificity for both type of cofactor. Th ...
OC 27 Amino Acids
... benzyloxycarbonyl group is removed by hydrogenolysis (Section 20.6C) • the intermediate carbamic acid loses carbon dioxide to give the unprotected amino group O PhCH2 OCN H-p ep t ide + H2 A Z-protected peptide ...
... benzyloxycarbonyl group is removed by hydrogenolysis (Section 20.6C) • the intermediate carbamic acid loses carbon dioxide to give the unprotected amino group O PhCH2 OCN H-p ep t ide + H2 A Z-protected peptide ...
removal of amino gp from glutamate to release ammonia Other
... 3. Metabolic break down of carbon skeleton to generate common intermediates that can be catabolized to CO2 or used in anabolic pathways to be stored as glucose or fat. ...
... 3. Metabolic break down of carbon skeleton to generate common intermediates that can be catabolized to CO2 or used in anabolic pathways to be stored as glucose or fat. ...
The Enterobacteriaceae
... Escherichia coli is the type genus and species of the Enterobacteriaceae Species of Enterobacteriaceae more closely related by evolutionary distance to Escherichia coli than to organisms of other families ...
... Escherichia coli is the type genus and species of the Enterobacteriaceae Species of Enterobacteriaceae more closely related by evolutionary distance to Escherichia coli than to organisms of other families ...
Cellular Respiration
... • The cell has a rich reservoir of e-s associated with hydrogen, especially in carbohydrates and fats • However, these fuels don’t spontaneously combine with O2 because they lack the activation E • Enzymes lower the barrier of activation E, allowing these fuels to be oxidized slowly • The “fall” of ...
... • The cell has a rich reservoir of e-s associated with hydrogen, especially in carbohydrates and fats • However, these fuels don’t spontaneously combine with O2 because they lack the activation E • Enzymes lower the barrier of activation E, allowing these fuels to be oxidized slowly • The “fall” of ...
Cellular Respiration
... • The cell has a rich reservoir of e-s associated with hydrogen, especially in carbohydrates and fats • However, these fuels don’t spontaneously combine with O2 because they lack the activation E • Enzymes lower the barrier of activation E, allowing these fuels to be oxidized slowly • The “fall” of ...
... • The cell has a rich reservoir of e-s associated with hydrogen, especially in carbohydrates and fats • However, these fuels don’t spontaneously combine with O2 because they lack the activation E • Enzymes lower the barrier of activation E, allowing these fuels to be oxidized slowly • The “fall” of ...
Cellular Respiration
... Because is occurs in the PRESENCE of OXYGEN, cellular respiration is known as ...
... Because is occurs in the PRESENCE of OXYGEN, cellular respiration is known as ...
Butyric acid
Butyric acid (from Greek βούτῡρον, meaning ""butter""), also known under the systematic name butanoic acid, abbreviated BTA, is a carboxylic acid with the structural formula CH3CH2CH2-COOH. Salts and esters of butyric acid are known as butyrates or butanoates. Butyric acid is found in milk, especially goat, sheep and buffalo milk, butter, parmesan cheese, and as a product of anaerobic fermentation (including in the colon and as body odor). It has an unpleasant smell and acrid taste, with a sweetish aftertaste (similar to ether). It can be detected by mammals with good scent detection abilities (such as dogs) at 10 parts per billion, whereas humans can detect it in concentrations above 10 parts per million.Butyric acid is present in, and is the main distinctive smell of, human vomit.Butyric acid was first observed (in impure form) in 1814 by the French chemist Michel Eugène Chevreul. By 1818, he had purified it sufficiently to characterize it. The name of butyric acid comes from the Latin word for butter, butyrum (or buturum), the substance in which butyric acid was first found.