23 Amino Acids, Peptides, and Proteins
... an aromatic compound. Because the lone pair on the nitrogen atom of indole is needed for the compound’s aromaticity, indole is a very weak base. (The pKa of protonated indole is -2.4.) Therefore, the ring nitrogen in tryptophan is never protonated under physiological conditions. Ten amino acids are ...
... an aromatic compound. Because the lone pair on the nitrogen atom of indole is needed for the compound’s aromaticity, indole is a very weak base. (The pKa of protonated indole is -2.4.) Therefore, the ring nitrogen in tryptophan is never protonated under physiological conditions. Ten amino acids are ...
Microbial hydrolysis of methyl aromatic esters by Burkholderia
... A bacterial strain that could utilise methyl benzoate as the sole source of carbon and energy was isolated from soil. This strain was identified as a Burkholderia cepacia. In minimum mineral medium, the strain hydrolysed the methyl ester to form benzoic acid, which is then also degraded. This strain ...
... A bacterial strain that could utilise methyl benzoate as the sole source of carbon and energy was isolated from soil. This strain was identified as a Burkholderia cepacia. In minimum mineral medium, the strain hydrolysed the methyl ester to form benzoic acid, which is then also degraded. This strain ...
Berleman, J. Analysis of inter-species interactions and
... acidic carbon sources from the co-culture. Since V. harveyi strains do not show this pattern, it is possible to speculate that A. fischeri strains are adapted to growth in symbiotic relationships where the organic acids they excrete are metabolized by symbiotic neighbors. It is unclear if A. fischer ...
... acidic carbon sources from the co-culture. Since V. harveyi strains do not show this pattern, it is possible to speculate that A. fischeri strains are adapted to growth in symbiotic relationships where the organic acids they excrete are metabolized by symbiotic neighbors. It is unclear if A. fischer ...
Vanillin formation from ferulic acid in Vanilla planifolia is catalysed
... related to vanillin5 as well as from glucose6. Previous studies have shown the conversion of a variety of compounds into vanillin glucoside after administration to V. planifolia pods. These studies suggest that vanillin glucoside is derived from phenylalanine, the shikimate pathway intermediates or ...
... related to vanillin5 as well as from glucose6. Previous studies have shown the conversion of a variety of compounds into vanillin glucoside after administration to V. planifolia pods. These studies suggest that vanillin glucoside is derived from phenylalanine, the shikimate pathway intermediates or ...
pyruvate dehydrogenase complex
... complex producing acetyl CoA, which is the major fuel for TCA cycle • This enz complex requires five coenzymes: thiamine pyrophosphate, lipoic acid, FAD, NAD+, and coenzyme-A (which contains the vitamin pantothenic acid) • The reaction is activated by NAD+, coenzyme-A, and pyruvate, and inhibited by ...
... complex producing acetyl CoA, which is the major fuel for TCA cycle • This enz complex requires five coenzymes: thiamine pyrophosphate, lipoic acid, FAD, NAD+, and coenzyme-A (which contains the vitamin pantothenic acid) • The reaction is activated by NAD+, coenzyme-A, and pyruvate, and inhibited by ...
Microbial degradation of chloroaromatics Mars, Astrid E.
... Pseudomonas putida GJ31 is able to simultaneously grow on toluene and chlorobenzene. When cultures of this strain were inhibited with 3-fluorocatechol while growing on toluene or chlorobenzene, 3-methylcatechol or 3-chlorocatechol, respectively, accumulated in the medium. To establish the catabolic ...
... Pseudomonas putida GJ31 is able to simultaneously grow on toluene and chlorobenzene. When cultures of this strain were inhibited with 3-fluorocatechol while growing on toluene or chlorobenzene, 3-methylcatechol or 3-chlorocatechol, respectively, accumulated in the medium. To establish the catabolic ...
mineralization of chlorobenzene. of the meta
... been described. These organisms can be differentiated on the basis of the catabolic pathways dealing with the substituents. Chlorosubstituents can be removed by initial oxygenolytic, reductive, or hydrolytic reactions. Further mineralization can then occur via classical pathways such as the 3-oxoadi ...
... been described. These organisms can be differentiated on the basis of the catabolic pathways dealing with the substituents. Chlorosubstituents can be removed by initial oxygenolytic, reductive, or hydrolytic reactions. Further mineralization can then occur via classical pathways such as the 3-oxoadi ...
SDS PAGE analysis of proteins
... 2. Lay the spacers down along both side of the bigger glass plate. Then place the other one on the top. Clamp plates together, making sure that the spacers and plates are in place. 3. Test with distilled water to see if it leaks. Pour out the water. 4. Mix solutions for separating gel (add AP and TE ...
... 2. Lay the spacers down along both side of the bigger glass plate. Then place the other one on the top. Clamp plates together, making sure that the spacers and plates are in place. 3. Test with distilled water to see if it leaks. Pour out the water. 4. Mix solutions for separating gel (add AP and TE ...
Purification and Physico-Chemical Analysis of Fractions from the
... marcexens dissociated into particles of about 3 S, with significant concomitant decrease in the biological activity responsible for tumour damage; on the other hand, Beer, Staehelin, Douglas & Braude (1965) found that an endotoxic preparation from Escherichia coli could be treated with SDS without m ...
... marcexens dissociated into particles of about 3 S, with significant concomitant decrease in the biological activity responsible for tumour damage; on the other hand, Beer, Staehelin, Douglas & Braude (1965) found that an endotoxic preparation from Escherichia coli could be treated with SDS without m ...
Molecular Record – evidence for common ancestry
... Scientists can examine the amino acid sequences of particular protein molecules found in vertebrates to determine the degree of similarity between vertebrate species. Even organisms that appear to have few physical similarities may have similar sequences of amino acids in their proteins and be close ...
... Scientists can examine the amino acid sequences of particular protein molecules found in vertebrates to determine the degree of similarity between vertebrate species. Even organisms that appear to have few physical similarities may have similar sequences of amino acids in their proteins and be close ...
A possible stress physiological role of abscisic acid
... of ABA-GE (red) and free ABA (blue) in roots (a), stems (b) and leaves (c). The numbering refers to the text. Extracellular enzyme activity is coloured light green, the putative transporter of the xylem parenchyma plasma membrane light blue. The cell wall (grey), the thickenings of the endodermis an ...
... of ABA-GE (red) and free ABA (blue) in roots (a), stems (b) and leaves (c). The numbering refers to the text. Extracellular enzyme activity is coloured light green, the putative transporter of the xylem parenchyma plasma membrane light blue. The cell wall (grey), the thickenings of the endodermis an ...
Biosynthesis of theanine (g-ethylamino-L
... levels of theanine synthetase genes (TS1 and TS2) were also examined. The results obtained will provide the basis for further more detailed studies of theanine biosynthesis in plants. 2. Results and discussion The concentrations of major amino acids in shoots, roots and cotyledons of 3-week-old tea ...
... levels of theanine synthetase genes (TS1 and TS2) were also examined. The results obtained will provide the basis for further more detailed studies of theanine biosynthesis in plants. 2. Results and discussion The concentrations of major amino acids in shoots, roots and cotyledons of 3-week-old tea ...
Characterization of the mineral phosphate solubilizing activity of
... et al. 2004). The literature describes these PSM as belonging essentially to the bacterial genera Pseudomonas, Enterobacter, Serratia, Pantoea, Rhizobium… and to the fungal genera Aspergillus, Penicillium… (Antoun et al. 1998; Buch et al. 2008; Gulati et al. 2008; Son et al. 2006; Sulbarán et al. 20 ...
... et al. 2004). The literature describes these PSM as belonging essentially to the bacterial genera Pseudomonas, Enterobacter, Serratia, Pantoea, Rhizobium… and to the fungal genera Aspergillus, Penicillium… (Antoun et al. 1998; Buch et al. 2008; Gulati et al. 2008; Son et al. 2006; Sulbarán et al. 20 ...
Brønsted Acidity in Metal−Organic Frameworks
... concentration of Brønsted acid sites varies as guest molecules are removed from the Cr(III) sites at different temperatures. In such a case, as the number of Brønsted acid sites decreases, the number of Lewis acid [Cr(III)] sites increases. Since the Brønsted acidity is generated from the interaction ...
... concentration of Brønsted acid sites varies as guest molecules are removed from the Cr(III) sites at different temperatures. In such a case, as the number of Brønsted acid sites decreases, the number of Lewis acid [Cr(III)] sites increases. Since the Brønsted acidity is generated from the interaction ...
Active Site of Ribonuclease A - Department of Biochemistry | UW
... Recognition of the seminal role of RNase A in the chemical sciences reached a pinnacle in 1972, when all three Nobel Prizes in chemistry were awarded for work on this enzyme. Stein and Moore were acknowledged “for their contribution to the understanding of the connection between chemical structure a ...
... Recognition of the seminal role of RNase A in the chemical sciences reached a pinnacle in 1972, when all three Nobel Prizes in chemistry were awarded for work on this enzyme. Stein and Moore were acknowledged “for their contribution to the understanding of the connection between chemical structure a ...
Upgrading the Hemicellulosic Fraction of Biomass into Biofuel
... acid pretreatment, the hemicellulose-derived fraction is mainly composed of monomeric pentoses (xylose, arabinose) and oligomeric pentoses both resulting from the thermo-chemical hydrolysis. The hemicellulosic fraction is not fermentable into ethanol by wild type strains of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. ...
... acid pretreatment, the hemicellulose-derived fraction is mainly composed of monomeric pentoses (xylose, arabinose) and oligomeric pentoses both resulting from the thermo-chemical hydrolysis. The hemicellulosic fraction is not fermentable into ethanol by wild type strains of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. ...
Laboratory Evolution of Cytochrome P450 BM-3 Monooxygenase for Organic Cosolvents
... limited set of (primarily conservative) amino acid substitutions. We and others have observed that saturation mutagenesis performed at sites identified by error-prone PCR often generates further improvements. Taking double-mutant F87AB5 as the starting point, we used saturation mutagenesis to introd ...
... limited set of (primarily conservative) amino acid substitutions. We and others have observed that saturation mutagenesis performed at sites identified by error-prone PCR often generates further improvements. Taking double-mutant F87AB5 as the starting point, we used saturation mutagenesis to introd ...
Characterization of Citrate Transport through the Plasma Membrane
... at least two possible explanations for the higher activities found in the microsomes of the IPG cells. One is that IPG cells contain higher activities in this enzyme in the plasma membrane, and the other is that the relative amounts of plasma membrane in the microsomes could be higher in the IPG tha ...
... at least two possible explanations for the higher activities found in the microsomes of the IPG cells. One is that IPG cells contain higher activities in this enzyme in the plasma membrane, and the other is that the relative amounts of plasma membrane in the microsomes could be higher in the IPG tha ...
recommendations for tissue preparation and formalin or
... 2. Type of fixative: paraffin embedded tissues are most often fixed in either 10% (v/v) neutral buffered formalin (NBF) or fresh 4% (w/v) formaldehyde solution (“PFA”) made from paraformaldehyde power. It is important to realize that the concentrations of formaldehyde in both 10% (v/v) NBF and 4 ...
... 2. Type of fixative: paraffin embedded tissues are most often fixed in either 10% (v/v) neutral buffered formalin (NBF) or fresh 4% (w/v) formaldehyde solution (“PFA”) made from paraformaldehyde power. It is important to realize that the concentrations of formaldehyde in both 10% (v/v) NBF and 4 ...
Identification of Primary Lysosomes in Human
... in this field; many of the mitochondria (m) have been disrupted by cold fixation or the acid ...
... in this field; many of the mitochondria (m) have been disrupted by cold fixation or the acid ...
Amino acid utilisation and deamination of glutamine and asparagine
... the availability of nutrients. In the human host glucose is available as a nutrient, as well as amino acids and therefore glucose was included in the defined medium. The limiting nutrients in this system were not determined. ...
... the availability of nutrients. In the human host glucose is available as a nutrient, as well as amino acids and therefore glucose was included in the defined medium. The limiting nutrients in this system were not determined. ...
Redox States of Plastids and Mitochondria
... likely leads to the observed increase in ROS production (Stonebloom et al., 2009). Thus, genetic studies have identified plastid and mitochondrial mutants that both induce the production of ROS, but with opposite effects on intercellular transport via PD. Numerous conditions that limit plant growth ...
... likely leads to the observed increase in ROS production (Stonebloom et al., 2009). Thus, genetic studies have identified plastid and mitochondrial mutants that both induce the production of ROS, but with opposite effects on intercellular transport via PD. Numerous conditions that limit plant growth ...
URIC ACID
... adenosine and guanosine) (NUCLEOSIDES: purine base + sugar), these are subsequently metabolised to the respective purine bases (hypoxanthine, adenine and guanine) (PURINE BASES). Hypoxanthine and guanine can be metabolised directly to xanthine, but AMP/adenosine have to be converted to IMP/inosine f ...
... adenosine and guanosine) (NUCLEOSIDES: purine base + sugar), these are subsequently metabolised to the respective purine bases (hypoxanthine, adenine and guanine) (PURINE BASES). Hypoxanthine and guanine can be metabolised directly to xanthine, but AMP/adenosine have to be converted to IMP/inosine f ...
Lactic acidosis
... Patients with the A form of the disease have some residual pyruvate carboxylase activity while those with the B form have no activity at all; some of the patients in this latter group have an absence of both mRNA and pyruvate carboxylase protein. Patients in the A group who survive are severely men ...
... Patients with the A form of the disease have some residual pyruvate carboxylase activity while those with the B form have no activity at all; some of the patients in this latter group have an absence of both mRNA and pyruvate carboxylase protein. Patients in the A group who survive are severely men ...
Hepoxilin
Hepoxilins (HxA3 and HxB3) are nonclassic eicosanoid hormones involved in inflammation.