intermediate chemistry may 2011 marking scheme
... other and the 1s orbital of H forms the sigma bonding of the molecule (2). The remaining 2p orbital on each C, having a single electron, interact together to form molecular orbitals in which the 6 electrons are shared (1) (students are not expected to know that 6 MOs,including bonding and antibondin ...
... other and the 1s orbital of H forms the sigma bonding of the molecule (2). The remaining 2p orbital on each C, having a single electron, interact together to form molecular orbitals in which the 6 electrons are shared (1) (students are not expected to know that 6 MOs,including bonding and antibondin ...
SYNTHESIS OF OXOQUINOLINE DERIVATIVES COUPLED TO DIFFERENT AMINO ACID ESTERS
... formation as the coupling reagent, while HOBt was used to decrease racemization and to increase the yields [13]. Synthesis of 2-quinolone N acetyl -L-Tyr ethyl ester (D3) To a stirred solution of Tyr ethyl ester HCl (compound A1) (0.3mmol, 74mg) in (30ml) of DMF, (0.3mmol, 0.04ml) of NMM was added w ...
... formation as the coupling reagent, while HOBt was used to decrease racemization and to increase the yields [13]. Synthesis of 2-quinolone N acetyl -L-Tyr ethyl ester (D3) To a stirred solution of Tyr ethyl ester HCl (compound A1) (0.3mmol, 74mg) in (30ml) of DMF, (0.3mmol, 0.04ml) of NMM was added w ...
24,7 Loctic Fermentotion
... (synthetic) pathway. Like most anabolic pathways, it requires the expenditure of ATP Six molecules of ATP are required to convert two molecules of lactate to one molecule of glucose.However,only two molecules of ATP were gained by converting one molecule of glucose to two molecules of lactate in lac ...
... (synthetic) pathway. Like most anabolic pathways, it requires the expenditure of ATP Six molecules of ATP are required to convert two molecules of lactate to one molecule of glucose.However,only two molecules of ATP were gained by converting one molecule of glucose to two molecules of lactate in lac ...
Biology 2 –Quiz 7 Cellular Respiration Name: Date: For the
... intermembrane space drives the production of ATP(the phosphorylation of ADP) c. The production of water in the matrix by reduction of oxygen leads to a net flow of water out of the mitochondria. d. The energy released by redox reactions in the electron transport chain is transferred as a phosphate t ...
... intermembrane space drives the production of ATP(the phosphorylation of ADP) c. The production of water in the matrix by reduction of oxygen leads to a net flow of water out of the mitochondria. d. The energy released by redox reactions in the electron transport chain is transferred as a phosphate t ...
18 Pyruvate to Acetyl-CoA to Krebs Cycle A/P
... of competing organisms. (Remember those old Westerns where the “Doc” pours whiskey on a wound to “heal” the wound and “kill bacteria”?). The production of lactic acid and/or ethanol creates carbohydrates (both alcohol and lactic acid are high energy carbohydrates) that are still packed with high-ene ...
... of competing organisms. (Remember those old Westerns where the “Doc” pours whiskey on a wound to “heal” the wound and “kill bacteria”?). The production of lactic acid and/or ethanol creates carbohydrates (both alcohol and lactic acid are high energy carbohydrates) that are still packed with high-ene ...
Lactic acid fermentation
... conditions, the cell’s primary mechanism of ATP production is glycolysis. Glycolysis reduces – that is, transfers electrons to – NAD+, forming NADH. However, there is only a limited supply of NAD+ available in a cell. For glycolysis to continue, NADH must be oxidized – that is, have electrons taken ...
... conditions, the cell’s primary mechanism of ATP production is glycolysis. Glycolysis reduces – that is, transfers electrons to – NAD+, forming NADH. However, there is only a limited supply of NAD+ available in a cell. For glycolysis to continue, NADH must be oxidized – that is, have electrons taken ...
Introduction to Metabolism
... It is principally directed toward the generation of NADPH. E) It requires the participation of molecular oxygen. Glucose breakdown in certain mammalian and bacterial cells can occur by mechanisms other than classic glycolysis. In most of these, glucose 6-phosphate is oxidized to 6-phosphogluconate, ...
... It is principally directed toward the generation of NADPH. E) It requires the participation of molecular oxygen. Glucose breakdown in certain mammalian and bacterial cells can occur by mechanisms other than classic glycolysis. In most of these, glucose 6-phosphate is oxidized to 6-phosphogluconate, ...
Molecular Cloning, Characterization, and mRNA Expression of
... by linoleic acid and arachidonic acid, whereas I-FABP gene expression appeared to be unaffected by oleic acid and αlinolenic acid. The results indicate that I-FABP may be indicative of intestine development in pigeon, and it could be regulated by n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids. Key words: cDNA clon ...
... by linoleic acid and arachidonic acid, whereas I-FABP gene expression appeared to be unaffected by oleic acid and αlinolenic acid. The results indicate that I-FABP may be indicative of intestine development in pigeon, and it could be regulated by n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids. Key words: cDNA clon ...
10B-Oxidation and Ketone bodies
... * Acetyl CoA in the liver cells can enter the citric acid cycle, or can be converted into ketone bodies. synthesized in the liver to be exported to other tissues by the blood, then they can be oxidized by citric acid cycle. Produced in smaller amounts and exhaled •The brain uses glucose as fuel if i ...
... * Acetyl CoA in the liver cells can enter the citric acid cycle, or can be converted into ketone bodies. synthesized in the liver to be exported to other tissues by the blood, then they can be oxidized by citric acid cycle. Produced in smaller amounts and exhaled •The brain uses glucose as fuel if i ...
Bio 12 Chapter 2 Test Review 1.Know the difference between ionic
... acts as a temperature regulator for body heat. 47) The electronegativity of the covalent bond causes the shared electron pair to spend more time around the nucleus of the oxygen atom than that of the hydrogen atom in a water molecule. This creates a slightly negative charge on the oxygen atom and sl ...
... acts as a temperature regulator for body heat. 47) The electronegativity of the covalent bond causes the shared electron pair to spend more time around the nucleus of the oxygen atom than that of the hydrogen atom in a water molecule. This creates a slightly negative charge on the oxygen atom and sl ...
Muscle Metabolism - Liberty Union High School District
... tissues in the body that are depleted first and need to be replaced • Phosphagen system: ATP must be made, then broken to give Pi back to creatine • Oxidizing lactic acid: most of lactic acid will be converted into glucose in the presence of oxygen • Metabolic rate: if body temp is high the metaboli ...
... tissues in the body that are depleted first and need to be replaced • Phosphagen system: ATP must be made, then broken to give Pi back to creatine • Oxidizing lactic acid: most of lactic acid will be converted into glucose in the presence of oxygen • Metabolic rate: if body temp is high the metaboli ...
Indole Alkaloids 1- Ergot Alkaloids - Home
... Enhances the cerebral blood flow, facilitate cerebral circulation metabolism and increase general activity. Vincamine is used in cerebral vascular deficiency and atherosclerosis in elderly patients. ...
... Enhances the cerebral blood flow, facilitate cerebral circulation metabolism and increase general activity. Vincamine is used in cerebral vascular deficiency and atherosclerosis in elderly patients. ...
Unit 2 - PGS Science
... Due to hydrogen bonding, ethanol and propanoic acid are soluble in water whereas the ester produced is insoluble. In each of the boxes below, draw a molecule of water and use a dotted line to show where a hydrogen bond could exist between the organic molecule and the water molecule. ...
... Due to hydrogen bonding, ethanol and propanoic acid are soluble in water whereas the ester produced is insoluble. In each of the boxes below, draw a molecule of water and use a dotted line to show where a hydrogen bond could exist between the organic molecule and the water molecule. ...
What does glycolysis make and why is it important?
... oxygenation and metabolism affect acid/base chemistry in muscle and blood, and it matters because it is important to understand the energetics of working muscles and other tissues. Neglecting glycolytic flux from glycogen, consider the classical presentation of glycolysis, asserting that glucose deg ...
... oxygenation and metabolism affect acid/base chemistry in muscle and blood, and it matters because it is important to understand the energetics of working muscles and other tissues. Neglecting glycolytic flux from glycogen, consider the classical presentation of glycolysis, asserting that glucose deg ...
Slide 1
... – Carnitine acyl transferase-I (CAT-I) deficiency: mainly affects liver – Carnitine acyl transferase-II (CAT-II) deficiency: mainly affects skeletal and cardiac muscles. ...
... – Carnitine acyl transferase-I (CAT-I) deficiency: mainly affects liver – Carnitine acyl transferase-II (CAT-II) deficiency: mainly affects skeletal and cardiac muscles. ...
Essential Fatty Acids (EFAs): Your Brain and Body
... transmission of nerve impulses and are needed for the normal development and functioning of the brain. A deficiency of essential fatty acids can lead to an impaired ability to learn and recall information. Every living cell in the body needs essential fatty acids. They are essential for rebuilding a ...
... transmission of nerve impulses and are needed for the normal development and functioning of the brain. A deficiency of essential fatty acids can lead to an impaired ability to learn and recall information. Every living cell in the body needs essential fatty acids. They are essential for rebuilding a ...
Citric Acid Cycle
... • The Citric Acid Cycle allows organisms to extract electrons from pyruvate and other Acetyl-CoA precursors for transport to the mitochondria electron transport chain. • One NADH is made converting pyruvate to Acetyl-CoA. • Three NADH, one FADH2 & 1 GTP/ATP is made in the citric acid cycle. • The ci ...
... • The Citric Acid Cycle allows organisms to extract electrons from pyruvate and other Acetyl-CoA precursors for transport to the mitochondria electron transport chain. • One NADH is made converting pyruvate to Acetyl-CoA. • Three NADH, one FADH2 & 1 GTP/ATP is made in the citric acid cycle. • The ci ...
General clinical situations
... • Free fatty acids + 3-hydroxybutyrate (serum or plasma); ketones (test strip). A marked elevation of free fatty acids indicates active lipolysis and that the hypoglycaemia is associated with a fasting reaction. In this situation, “normal” (low) values of plasma ketones (3-hydroxybutyrate is suffi ...
... • Free fatty acids + 3-hydroxybutyrate (serum or plasma); ketones (test strip). A marked elevation of free fatty acids indicates active lipolysis and that the hypoglycaemia is associated with a fasting reaction. In this situation, “normal” (low) values of plasma ketones (3-hydroxybutyrate is suffi ...
Cytokinin Fig. 15
... Shoots form roots at their bases faster when the bases are treated with auxin. The ends of these shoots were dipped for 5 seconds in solutions containing (from left to right) 0%, 0.1% and 0.5% auxin. They were then rooted in moist vermiculite for 2 weeks. ...
... Shoots form roots at their bases faster when the bases are treated with auxin. The ends of these shoots were dipped for 5 seconds in solutions containing (from left to right) 0%, 0.1% and 0.5% auxin. They were then rooted in moist vermiculite for 2 weeks. ...
- Circle of Docs
... find where elevated and where sample came from any liver problem will cause the bund to decrease – since liver can not produce urea any kidney problem will cause the bund to increase – since kidney is not functioning to release urea 2. The molecule which enzmes act upon *substrate – produce a produc ...
... find where elevated and where sample came from any liver problem will cause the bund to decrease – since liver can not produce urea any kidney problem will cause the bund to increase – since kidney is not functioning to release urea 2. The molecule which enzmes act upon *substrate – produce a produc ...
Lipids (Typed notes of Ma`am Saba by Dr. M. Hassan)
... They occur rarely freely in nature , but rather occur in estrified form as a major components of various lipids In higher plants and animals , predominant fatty acid residues those of the C16 and C18 species palmitic , oleic , linoleic and steric acids Fatty acids with 14 and 20 carbon atoms are unc ...
... They occur rarely freely in nature , but rather occur in estrified form as a major components of various lipids In higher plants and animals , predominant fatty acid residues those of the C16 and C18 species palmitic , oleic , linoleic and steric acids Fatty acids with 14 and 20 carbon atoms are unc ...
Identification of Novel Drug Leads for Receptors Implicated in
... ISSN: 2329-6895 JND, an open access journal ...
... ISSN: 2329-6895 JND, an open access journal ...
a Gram-positive coccus occurring in regular packages or tetrads
... al., 1996). Neither of these organisms have so far been reported in plants in other parts of the world. Kataoka et al. (1996) successfully isolated a Micrococcus-like bacterium by culturing activated sludge biomass under starvation conditions prior to isolation, but did not identify the isolate (Kat ...
... al., 1996). Neither of these organisms have so far been reported in plants in other parts of the world. Kataoka et al. (1996) successfully isolated a Micrococcus-like bacterium by culturing activated sludge biomass under starvation conditions prior to isolation, but did not identify the isolate (Kat ...
Hepoxilin
Hepoxilins (HxA3 and HxB3) are nonclassic eicosanoid hormones involved in inflammation.