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GI System
GI System

... cell carcinoma. There is an association with tobacco use, chronic friction (i.e., with ill-fitting dentures), and alcohol abuse.  Most oral cancers are squamous cell variety, and these have a 50% five-year mortality rate due to metastasis at time of diagnosis.  Treatment includes local excision an ...
Combined_Torso_Part_2 [ screen displays inferior surface of the
Combined_Torso_Part_2 [ screen displays inferior surface of the

... bile. The left area of the liver drains bile into the left hepatic duct, which is this small duct right here. The right side of the liver drains bile into the right hepatic duct. The right hepatic duct and the left hepatic duct come together to form just this very small area right at the tip of the ...
The Liver - patfyz.sk
The Liver - patfyz.sk

... tight junctions between the adjacent hepatocytes. Since these tight junctions are relatively permeable for anorganic ions, this pathway leads the majority of Na+ , Cl−, and K+ ions. The main driving force of the canalicular production of bile resides in bile acids. They are actively transported thro ...
Alcohol and the Liver
Alcohol and the Liver

... (ALDH) an enzyme produced by the body that is one of the enzymes responsible for converting alcohol into safe levels. Typically, these populations have a higher incidence of alcoholism compared to other racial and ethnic groups who have higher levels of ALDH and lower rates of alcoholism. ...
Lecture 6,7- COLONIC POLYPS AND CANCER 1,2
Lecture 6,7- COLONIC POLYPS AND CANCER 1,2

... • Right-sided lesions are more likely to bleed while left-sided tumors are usually detected later and could present with bowel obstruction. ...
The Digestive System - Part 1
The Digestive System - Part 1

... The large intestine, also known as the colon, is the next stop for the chyme. It begins at the lower right abdomen with the caecum (cecum), then goes up and around the belly, in sections known as the ascending, transverse, descending and sigmoid colons. Water and any leftover nutrients are absorbed ...
1 Neuroendocrine Tumors: A Review of CT and MRI Findings
1 Neuroendocrine Tumors: A Review of CT and MRI Findings

... Neuroendocrine Tumors: A Review of CT and MRI Findings Pareen Mehta, MD and Patrick M. Colletti, MD Neuroendocrine tumors, including pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors and carcinoid tumors, are rare neoplasms that arise from a common precursor, the APUD cell (amine precursor uptake and decarboxylation ...
PDF - World Wide Journals
PDF - World Wide Journals

... IntroductionGallstone is a common problem in our surrounding and is commonly being treated by cholecystectomy, which is a simple surgery, most of the times performed by laparoscopy. Bile is synthesized in the liver and from liver , flows into the gallbladder, where it is stored until we take our mea ...
Digestive System
Digestive System

... Hep B- “serum hepatitis” spread by intimate contact with blood, body fluids. Vaccine Hep C- “chronic hepatitis” spread through blood ...
Chapt08 Lecture 13ed Pt 2
Chapt08 Lecture 13ed Pt 2

... regulate cholesterol levels by making bile salts. • It makes ____ that is then stored in the _________ to be secreted into the small intestine to emulsify fats. • The liver also breaks down hemoglobin. ...
Lab 9 – Digestive System Anatomy
Lab 9 – Digestive System Anatomy

... Tricuspids(Molars) ...
Immunologic Diseases and Conditions
Immunologic Diseases and Conditions

... gas, constipation Dysentery – Abdominal pain, bloody diarrhea with pus and mucus Viral hepatitis A (infectious hepatitis)Anorexia, nausea, mild fever, jaundice, enlarged tender liver ...
Introduction to Abdominal Radiology
Introduction to Abdominal Radiology

... May occur in the head, body or tail Located mid abdomen, left or right May be very large Can cause abdominal organ displacement – Can displace stomach cranially and small intestines in various direction depending on location ...
primary sclerosing cholangitis and primary biliary cirrhosis
primary sclerosing cholangitis and primary biliary cirrhosis

... PSC is rare. Seventy percent of patients with PSC are men. The average age at diagnosis is forty years. Up to ninety percent of patients with PSC have some form of inflammatory bowel disease. Ulcerative colitis is the more common of the two forms of inflammatory bowel disease and occurs in approxima ...
File - Dr. Jerry Cronin
File - Dr. Jerry Cronin

... • The basic functional units of the liver • Each lobe is divided: – by connective tissue ...
Abdominal Viscera
Abdominal Viscera

... The sides of the stomach are the greater and lesser curvature.  Fed by gastric artery (branch from celiac artery) SMALL INTESTINE  main function is absorption of nutrients  Fed by superior mesenteric artery Duodenum “12 fingers”  first part of small intestine where most of digestion occur  retr ...
Introduction to Abdominal Radiology
Introduction to Abdominal Radiology

... May occur in the head, body or tail Located mid abdomen, left or right May be very large Can cause abdominal organ displacement – Can displace stomach cranially and small intestines in various direction depending on location ...
Anatomy: Small intestine
Anatomy: Small intestine

...  Suspended from diaphragm by falciform ligament  Produces bile – yellow/green water solution containing bile salts, bile pigments (bilirubin), cholesterol, phospholipids and electrolytes  Bile emulsifies fat into small globules  Right & left hepatic ducts collect bile  Fuse into the common hepa ...
Primary Sclerosing Cholangitis (PSC)
Primary Sclerosing Cholangitis (PSC)

... A cholangiogram may be a useful test for diagnosing PSC. Cholangiography can be performed several ways. Cholangiography is an X-ray test that involves injection of contrast into the bile ducts. A cholangiogram is usually performed using an endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatographic (ERCP) scope ...
PDF - ACG Case Reports Journal
PDF - ACG Case Reports Journal

... The procedure was not widely accepted in the U.S. until the early 1970s.3 Previously, the neonates were considered inoperable, and the use of artificial duct prosthesis often failed. The other 2 long-term U.S. survivors underwent the procedure in the 1960s, within the first 8 weeks of life, and firs ...
The Digestive System - Mounds Park Academy Blogs
The Digestive System - Mounds Park Academy Blogs

... The blood type should be the same as the recipient's. The donor should be in good physical and mental health. The decision to be a donor should be made after careful consideration of facts and knowledge of the procedures, the risks and complications. The donor must be relatively close in size (or la ...
Nutrition Issues in Liver Disease
Nutrition Issues in Liver Disease

... Randomized to 70 g/day either as casein or BCAA supplement Treatment failure = worsening PSE – 7/12 failures in casein group vs. 1/14 in BCAA group ...
Abdominal Ultrasonography in the Horse Equipment Indications
Abdominal Ultrasonography in the Horse Equipment Indications

... Normally 10 – 14cm medially to laterally ...
Structure of the Liver
Structure of the Liver

... This flow of blood is very important to the body. Both of the vessels carry blood to the sinusoids, where oxygen, most of the nutrients, and certain poisons are extracted by the hepatocytes. The Kupffer’s Cells phagocytize microbes and bits of foreign matter. Nutrients are stored to make new materia ...
lecture 13 gastrointestinal pathophysiology
lecture 13 gastrointestinal pathophysiology

... amylases. Although water and some drugs are absorbed across the oral mucosa (e.g.nitroglycerin for angina), there is no specialization in the mouth for nutrient absorption. Since absorbed nutrients enter hepatic portal circulation and require a sequential passage of materials through the specialized ...
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Hepatocellular carcinoma



Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC, also called malignant hepatoma) is the most common type of liver cancer. Most cases of HCC are secondary to either a viral hepatitis infection (hepatitis B or C) or cirrhosis (alcoholism being the most common cause of liver cirrhosis).Treatment options of HCC and prognosis are dependent on many factors but especially on tumour size and staging. Tumour grade is also important. High-grade tumours will have a poor prognosis, while low-grade tumors may go unnoticed for many years, as is the case in many other organs.HCC is a relatively uncommon cancer in the United States. In countries where hepatitis is not common, most cancers of the liver are not primary HCC but metastasis (cancers spread from elsewhere in the body such as the colon).
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