The historicity of human geography
... Human geography has a profoundly active dimension, as it is directly concerned with the making of lives and landscapes. This making is necessarily a dynamic process, involving the action, negotiation and struggle of individuals in a variety of situations. It is for this reason that the category of e ...
... Human geography has a profoundly active dimension, as it is directly concerned with the making of lives and landscapes. This making is necessarily a dynamic process, involving the action, negotiation and struggle of individuals in a variety of situations. It is for this reason that the category of e ...
Evolutionary Game Theory First published Mon Jan 14, 2002
... fitness introduces a strategic aspect to evolution. Recently, however, evolutionary game theory has become of increased interest to economists, sociologists, and anthropologists--and social scientists in general--as well as philosophers. The interest among social scientists in a theory with explicit ...
... fitness introduces a strategic aspect to evolution. Recently, however, evolutionary game theory has become of increased interest to economists, sociologists, and anthropologists--and social scientists in general--as well as philosophers. The interest among social scientists in a theory with explicit ...
The Units of Culture
... atomism, a proposition that matter consists of hard, indivisible (hence, atomic, from Greek atoma, or "uncuttable") particles that move through empty space. In the 20th century, the atom itself has been divided into ever smaller and more fundamental units. Similarly, in biology, understanding of liv ...
... atomism, a proposition that matter consists of hard, indivisible (hence, atomic, from Greek atoma, or "uncuttable") particles that move through empty space. In the 20th century, the atom itself has been divided into ever smaller and more fundamental units. Similarly, in biology, understanding of liv ...
Controversies in the evolutionary social sciences: a guide for the
... mounted an attack on what he called ‘Darwinian anthropology’ (actually, classic human sociobiology), and advocated an alternative approach focused on evolved psychological mechanisms. This salvo ignited a debate over the correct way to study human behavioral adaptation, and helped launch evolutionar ...
... mounted an attack on what he called ‘Darwinian anthropology’ (actually, classic human sociobiology), and advocated an alternative approach focused on evolved psychological mechanisms. This salvo ignited a debate over the correct way to study human behavioral adaptation, and helped launch evolutionar ...
UNIVERSITY OF PLYMOUTH
... materials; they are not a comprehensive coverage of each topic, rather a sketched outline. Also this outline will make clear how each topic is part of the wider course content. This aims to underline the relation between parts of the course and avoid the problem of treating separate lectures as comp ...
... materials; they are not a comprehensive coverage of each topic, rather a sketched outline. Also this outline will make clear how each topic is part of the wider course content. This aims to underline the relation between parts of the course and avoid the problem of treating separate lectures as comp ...
1 Introduction: The Evolution of Culture in a
... Darwinists emphasize the whole hierarchy from gene to organism to supraorganism (e.g., distinct species in symbiotic association), and embrace the idea of other mechanisms, such as symbiosis, group selection, niche selection, “spandrels” and exaptation, and even wild chance. When considering the evo ...
... Darwinists emphasize the whole hierarchy from gene to organism to supraorganism (e.g., distinct species in symbiotic association), and embrace the idea of other mechanisms, such as symbiosis, group selection, niche selection, “spandrels” and exaptation, and even wild chance. When considering the evo ...
Russian comparative embryology takes form: a conceptual
... diverge. Indeed, in the fifth scholium, von Baer (1828) notes that any development should pass through a short-time germ condition retaining all potential to follow any of four archetype pathways. In turn, when any of the four major archetype paths are followed, diverse (but related) species can be ...
... diverge. Indeed, in the fifth scholium, von Baer (1828) notes that any development should pass through a short-time germ condition retaining all potential to follow any of four archetype pathways. In turn, when any of the four major archetype paths are followed, diverse (but related) species can be ...
Understanding natural selection - Beck-Shop
... 1. Like tends to beget like and there is heritable variation in traits associated with each type of organism. 2. Among organisms there is a struggle for existence. 3. Heritable traits influence the struggle for existence. The first postulate was generally well known at the time and had been used by pl ...
... 1. Like tends to beget like and there is heritable variation in traits associated with each type of organism. 2. Among organisms there is a struggle for existence. 3. Heritable traits influence the struggle for existence. The first postulate was generally well known at the time and had been used by pl ...
Understanding natural selection - Assets
... 1. Like tends to beget like and there is heritable variation in traits associated with each type of organism. 2. Among organisms there is a struggle for existence. 3. Heritable traits influence the struggle for existence. The first postulate was generally well known at the time and had been used by pl ...
... 1. Like tends to beget like and there is heritable variation in traits associated with each type of organism. 2. Among organisms there is a struggle for existence. 3. Heritable traits influence the struggle for existence. The first postulate was generally well known at the time and had been used by pl ...
C O N T E N T S - Muslim Library
... and how we came into being. Materialism maintains that there is nothing but the matter and that matter is the essence of everything, be it organic or inorganic. Starting out from this premise, it denies the existence of a divine Creator, that is, Allah. Reducing everything to the level of matter, th ...
... and how we came into being. Materialism maintains that there is nothing but the matter and that matter is the essence of everything, be it organic or inorganic. Starting out from this premise, it denies the existence of a divine Creator, that is, Allah. Reducing everything to the level of matter, th ...
The naturalization of humans - laral
... physical effects and of intrinsically quantitative mechanisms and processes: activation levels, activation levels caused by the state of the physical and chemical environment outside the network, activation levels caused by excitations and inhibitions arriving from other units, connection weights, c ...
... physical effects and of intrinsically quantitative mechanisms and processes: activation levels, activation levels caused by the state of the physical and chemical environment outside the network, activation levels caused by excitations and inhibitions arriving from other units, connection weights, c ...
Evidence for evolution
... EVOLUTION, CONVERGENT: When the process of evolution causes two unrelated species to become more similar with regard to certain characteristics. EVOLUTION, DIVERGENT: When the process of evolution causes two related species to become more dissimilar with regard to certain characteristics. GENERATION ...
... EVOLUTION, CONVERGENT: When the process of evolution causes two unrelated species to become more similar with regard to certain characteristics. EVOLUTION, DIVERGENT: When the process of evolution causes two related species to become more dissimilar with regard to certain characteristics. GENERATION ...
Religion and Evolution in Progressive Era Political Economy
... “denial of design in nature is virtually the denial of God” (Larson 1997, 18). Hodge was one of the last American divines (as opposed to clergymen in general) to refuse any accommodation whatsoever with evolutionary science in the post-Darwinian era.7 Conservative theology ordinarily went with conse ...
... “denial of design in nature is virtually the denial of God” (Larson 1997, 18). Hodge was one of the last American divines (as opposed to clergymen in general) to refuse any accommodation whatsoever with evolutionary science in the post-Darwinian era.7 Conservative theology ordinarily went with conse ...
The Bible, Science and Creation
... Natural selection accounts for the “apparent design” in life ...
... Natural selection accounts for the “apparent design” in life ...
Changes Over Time
... These two kinds of squirrels have been isolated from one another for a long time. Eventually this isolation may result in two different species. ...
... These two kinds of squirrels have been isolated from one another for a long time. Eventually this isolation may result in two different species. ...
1 An Introduction to Sociology
... In the 18th century, Age of Enlightenment philosophers developed general principles that could be used to explain social life. Thinkers such as John Locke, Voltaire, Immanuel Kant, and Thomas Hobbes responded to what they saw as social ills by writing on topics that they hoped would lead to social r ...
... In the 18th century, Age of Enlightenment philosophers developed general principles that could be used to explain social life. Thinkers such as John Locke, Voltaire, Immanuel Kant, and Thomas Hobbes responded to what they saw as social ills by writing on topics that they hoped would lead to social r ...
Herbert Spencer Energetics
... begun in 1860), and was revised three times, as he worked on his works on the Principles of different subject matter (each also undergoing revision), including The Principles of Biology (first edition 1874), The Principles of Sociology (first edition 1876), The Principles of Ethics (first edition 1 ...
... begun in 1860), and was revised three times, as he worked on his works on the Principles of different subject matter (each also undergoing revision), including The Principles of Biology (first edition 1874), The Principles of Sociology (first edition 1876), The Principles of Ethics (first edition 1 ...
Epistemological Bias in the Physical and Social Sciences
... theoretical practice that relies on empirical results and is supported by a general critical approach is preferable. Western schools of thought confirmed that human beings are by nature worldly (secular) and place physical self-interest above any other consideration. This viewpoint emphasizes techno ...
... theoretical practice that relies on empirical results and is supported by a general critical approach is preferable. Western schools of thought confirmed that human beings are by nature worldly (secular) and place physical self-interest above any other consideration. This viewpoint emphasizes techno ...
Newman - AMP @ georgetown
... Darwin’s theory of evolutionary change embodied this Newtonian incrementalist materialism (see Weber and Depew 1996). The correspondence between the gradual refinements featured by natural selection and the highly successful industrial paradigm of trial-and-error fabrication of metal machine tools, ...
... Darwin’s theory of evolutionary change embodied this Newtonian incrementalist materialism (see Weber and Depew 1996). The correspondence between the gradual refinements featured by natural selection and the highly successful industrial paradigm of trial-and-error fabrication of metal machine tools, ...
Evolution and Taxonomy Outline
... 13. Charles Darwin's observation that finches of different species on the Galapagos Islands have many similar physical characteristics supports the hypothesis that these finches… (DOK 2) A. have the ability to interbreed B. acquire traits through use and disuse C. all eat the same type of food D. or ...
... 13. Charles Darwin's observation that finches of different species on the Galapagos Islands have many similar physical characteristics supports the hypothesis that these finches… (DOK 2) A. have the ability to interbreed B. acquire traits through use and disuse C. all eat the same type of food D. or ...
Natural Selection: A Concept in Need of Some
... not so easy to demonstrate that natural selection as usually conceived is responsible for this progression of complexification (both in individual forms, and doubtlessly at the entire environmental level as well). Actually, and even assuming it operates as Darwin envisioned, at least five related ca ...
... not so easy to demonstrate that natural selection as usually conceived is responsible for this progression of complexification (both in individual forms, and doubtlessly at the entire environmental level as well). Actually, and even assuming it operates as Darwin envisioned, at least five related ca ...
evolution ppt
... Scientists and people in general thought species were fixed and unchangeable (or ‘immutable’). Their reasoning ran something like this: if God’s creation was perfect from the start, why would He change it later ? From Classical times until long after the Renaissance XV century, species were consider ...
... Scientists and people in general thought species were fixed and unchangeable (or ‘immutable’). Their reasoning ran something like this: if God’s creation was perfect from the start, why would He change it later ? From Classical times until long after the Renaissance XV century, species were consider ...
New Scientist Evolution Special
... Darwin presented compelling evidence for evolution in On the Origin and, since his time, the case has become overwhelming. Countless fossil discoveries allow us to trace the evolution of today's organisms from earlier forms. DNA sequencing has confirmed beyond any doubt that all living creatures sha ...
... Darwin presented compelling evidence for evolution in On the Origin and, since his time, the case has become overwhelming. Countless fossil discoveries allow us to trace the evolution of today's organisms from earlier forms. DNA sequencing has confirmed beyond any doubt that all living creatures sha ...
On the ethics and practice of contemporary social theory: from crisis
... these passages aloud, we mull the implications for anthropology of centering ‘‘making something new happen’’ as an objective in its own right. Does all theory, of necessity, cut emergent social and technical realities down to size, thus amputating their epistemological or ontological uniqueness in f ...
... these passages aloud, we mull the implications for anthropology of centering ‘‘making something new happen’’ as an objective in its own right. Does all theory, of necessity, cut emergent social and technical realities down to size, thus amputating their epistemological or ontological uniqueness in f ...
Sociocultural evolution
Sociocultural evolution, sociocultural evolutionism or cultural evolution are theories of cultural and social evolution that describe how cultures and societies change over time. Whereas sociocultural development traces processes that tend to increase the complexity of a society or culture, sociocultural evolution also considers process that can lead to decreases in complexity (degeneration) or that can produce variation or proliferation without any seemingly significant changes in complexity (cladogenesis). Sociocultural evolution is ""the process by which structural reorganization is affected through time, eventually producing a form or structure which is qualitatively different from the ancestral form"".(Note, this article focusses on that use of the term 'socio-cultural evolution' to refer to work that is not in line with contemporary understandings of the word 'evolution'. There is a separate body of academic work which uses the term 'cultural evolution' using a more consensus Darwinian understanding of the term 'evolution'. For a description of this work, based in the foundational work of DT Campbell in the 1960s and followed up by Boyd, Richerson, Cvalli-Sforza, and Feldman in the 1980s, go to Cultural evolution or Dual inheritance theory.)Most 19th-century and some 20th-century approaches to socioculture aimed to provide models for the evolution of humankind as a whole, arguing that different societies have reached different stages of social development. The most comprehensive attempt to develop a general theory of social evolution centering on the development of socio-cultural systems, the work of Talcott Parsons (1902-1979), operated on a scale which included a theory of world history. Another attempt, on a less systematic scale, originated with the world-systems approach.More recent approaches focus on changes specific to individual societies and reject the idea that cultures differ primarily according to how far each one is on the linear scale of social progress. Most modern archaeologists and cultural anthropologists work within the frameworks of neoevolutionism, sociobiology and modernization theory.Many different societies have existed in the course of human history, with estimates as high as over one million separate societies; however, as of 2013, only about two hundred or so different societies survive.