![The Construction of Music as a Social Phenomenon](http://s1.studyres.com/store/data/017729502_1-a9dddfd72639bb659eb932644f1ae1a6-300x300.png)
The Construction of Music as a Social Phenomenon
... concept is a partial (e.g. biased and in-part) description of musical phenomena. If its value and usefulness are undeniable, its implications for Western musical life in general may be even greater. For it is but the historically located product of a rational process of objectification which, as it ...
... concept is a partial (e.g. biased and in-part) description of musical phenomena. If its value and usefulness are undeniable, its implications for Western musical life in general may be even greater. For it is but the historically located product of a rational process of objectification which, as it ...
6-15 CRW edit, JS intro, chp 1 and 2 copy
... some deists. Charles Darwin was agnostic; Theodosius Dobzhansky, sometimes referred to as the “Darwin of the 20th century”, was a deist. He did not believe in a personal God or in life-after-death; but that there is meaning in the universe, and that humankind would evolve into a higher state. The gr ...
... some deists. Charles Darwin was agnostic; Theodosius Dobzhansky, sometimes referred to as the “Darwin of the 20th century”, was a deist. He did not believe in a personal God or in life-after-death; but that there is meaning in the universe, and that humankind would evolve into a higher state. The gr ...
Evolutionary Theory and the Ultimate–Proximate
... formalized the insight that natural selection will produce organisms that appear to be designed to maximize their fitness (i.e., they behave as maximizing agents). Within this framework, fitness is defined as the number of offspring an individual produces that survive to reproductive age (Dawkins, 1 ...
... formalized the insight that natural selection will produce organisms that appear to be designed to maximize their fitness (i.e., they behave as maximizing agents). Within this framework, fitness is defined as the number of offspring an individual produces that survive to reproductive age (Dawkins, 1 ...
CREATIONIST PERSPECTIVES
... Creationists sometimes argue that the idea of evolution must remain hypothetical because “no one has ever seen evolution occur.” This kind of statement also reveals that some creationists misunderstand an important characteristic of scientific reasoning. Scientific conclusions are not limited to dir ...
... Creationists sometimes argue that the idea of evolution must remain hypothetical because “no one has ever seen evolution occur.” This kind of statement also reveals that some creationists misunderstand an important characteristic of scientific reasoning. Scientific conclusions are not limited to dir ...
The Nature of the Organism: Life Has a Life of Its Own
... must simultaneously interact with their surroundings and perform critical functions internally. They maintain themselves in a viable state by exchanging matter and energy irreversibly with their surroundings, taking in relatively high grade energy and using it to perform useful work within themselve ...
... must simultaneously interact with their surroundings and perform critical functions internally. They maintain themselves in a viable state by exchanging matter and energy irreversibly with their surroundings, taking in relatively high grade energy and using it to perform useful work within themselve ...
The Coming Slavery: The Determinism of Herbert Spencer ∗
... well-defined limits as a conceptual matter. His emphasis, however, was on the political and economic dynamics that generated increased government intervention. This was a behavioral issue primarily, and not an intellectual or conceptual one. Much of his article, “The Coming Slavery,” is devoted to a ...
... well-defined limits as a conceptual matter. His emphasis, however, was on the political and economic dynamics that generated increased government intervention. This was a behavioral issue primarily, and not an intellectual or conceptual one. Much of his article, “The Coming Slavery,” is devoted to a ...
What Darwin Really Said
... perfectly natural -- thus right and good -- to rise to the top of cut-throat world of capitalist competitors. Not only was competition in harmony with nature, Spencer believed, but it was also in the interest of the general welfare and progress of society. Many successful capitalists of the late 19t ...
... perfectly natural -- thus right and good -- to rise to the top of cut-throat world of capitalist competitors. Not only was competition in harmony with nature, Spencer believed, but it was also in the interest of the general welfare and progress of society. Many successful capitalists of the late 19t ...
Darwinism, Causality and the Social Sciences
... Nevertheless, the use of Darwinian mechanisms of variation, inheritance and selection is quite widespread among evolutionary economists. It is argued elsewhere that if the ideas of variation, inheritance and selection are carefully and appropriately defined then they have a potentially wide applicat ...
... Nevertheless, the use of Darwinian mechanisms of variation, inheritance and selection is quite widespread among evolutionary economists. It is argued elsewhere that if the ideas of variation, inheritance and selection are carefully and appropriately defined then they have a potentially wide applicat ...
biological evolution
... As one who writes and lectures often on the topics of creation and evolution, frequently I am asked the question: “Why do people believe in evolution?” Often the question is phrased in what are intended to be complimentary terms: “Why is it that so many obviously intelligent people believe in evolut ...
... As one who writes and lectures often on the topics of creation and evolution, frequently I am asked the question: “Why do people believe in evolution?” Often the question is phrased in what are intended to be complimentary terms: “Why is it that so many obviously intelligent people believe in evolut ...
ARTICLE - University of Hertfordshire
... doubting its theoretical value, but I question whether the (important and often valuable) search for theoretical generalization and encapsulation may distract attention from important historical, institutional and other specificities. This complaint has been made by numerous economists in the past. ...
... doubting its theoretical value, but I question whether the (important and often valuable) search for theoretical generalization and encapsulation may distract attention from important historical, institutional and other specificities. This complaint has been made by numerous economists in the past. ...
Chapter 4 Sociology
... idea that rewards within market outcomes reflect some combination of individual choice, native aptitude and personal investment in skills. They suspect explanations that see institutional arrangements or distributional outcomes as efficient solutions to collective action problems, particularly when ...
... idea that rewards within market outcomes reflect some combination of individual choice, native aptitude and personal investment in skills. They suspect explanations that see institutional arrangements or distributional outcomes as efficient solutions to collective action problems, particularly when ...
The shades of social. A discussion of The social origins of language
... pressures behind this unique combination, it identifies the preexisting platform of trust on which intersubjectivity and prosociality can grow; this makes her account not only compatible, but also complementary with that of Tomasello. In his review chapter, Chris Knight (2014) agrees that symbols ...
... pressures behind this unique combination, it identifies the preexisting platform of trust on which intersubjectivity and prosociality can grow; this makes her account not only compatible, but also complementary with that of Tomasello. In his review chapter, Chris Knight (2014) agrees that symbols ...
Does Darwin belong in business? The danger and
... science” Veblen argued for the development of a close-knit body of theory, based on evaluation of facts with a scientific impartiality. Darwin was later invoked in the accounting discipline. This was part of an advocacy of the scientific method for a young discipline, in a manner parallel to Veblen' ...
... science” Veblen argued for the development of a close-knit body of theory, based on evaluation of facts with a scientific impartiality. Darwin was later invoked in the accounting discipline. This was part of an advocacy of the scientific method for a young discipline, in a manner parallel to Veblen' ...
The Meanings of Evolution
... 6. “Blind watchmaker” thesis: the idea that all organisms have descended from common ancestors solely through an unguided, unintelligent, purposeless, material processes such as natural selection acting on random variations or mutations; that the mechanisms of natural selection, random variation and ...
... 6. “Blind watchmaker” thesis: the idea that all organisms have descended from common ancestors solely through an unguided, unintelligent, purposeless, material processes such as natural selection acting on random variations or mutations; that the mechanisms of natural selection, random variation and ...
Division of Labor, Economic Specialization and the Evolution of
... authors deny the paradox, arguing either that people are deceived about their interests, for example, as a result of elite propaganda or are coerced into submission (Cronk 1994, DeMarrais, Castillo, and Earle 1996). A few authors (Boone 1992, Smith and Choi forthcoming) have argued that exogenous di ...
... authors deny the paradox, arguing either that people are deceived about their interests, for example, as a result of elite propaganda or are coerced into submission (Cronk 1994, DeMarrais, Castillo, and Earle 1996). A few authors (Boone 1992, Smith and Choi forthcoming) have argued that exogenous di ...
Introduction to Anthropology
... human variation seek to measure and explain the differences and similarities among the world’s peoples in these and other physical characteristics. Most physical anthropologists work in universities or museums, as teachers, researchers, writers, and curators. But many also work in “practical” jobs, ...
... human variation seek to measure and explain the differences and similarities among the world’s peoples in these and other physical characteristics. Most physical anthropologists work in universities or museums, as teachers, researchers, writers, and curators. But many also work in “practical” jobs, ...
Social Psychology and the Comic-Book Superhero: A
... that the norms that legislate for small-group integrity will be elevated as universally binding. Clearly, the superhero igure presents just such a stable mechanism. Indeed, punitive altruism of the type associated with the superhero is already documented as a well-attested phenomenon in human behavi ...
... that the norms that legislate for small-group integrity will be elevated as universally binding. Clearly, the superhero igure presents just such a stable mechanism. Indeed, punitive altruism of the type associated with the superhero is already documented as a well-attested phenomenon in human behavi ...
Talcott Parsons: An Outline of the Social System
... systems. The relevance of this hierarchy applies, of course, to all the components distinguished according to the first of our three ranges of variation, to structures, functions, mechanisms, and categories of input and output. The most strategic starting point for explaining this basic set of class ...
... systems. The relevance of this hierarchy applies, of course, to all the components distinguished according to the first of our three ranges of variation, to structures, functions, mechanisms, and categories of input and output. The most strategic starting point for explaining this basic set of class ...
Evolution and Philosophy
... what Kuhn called a 'paradigm shift'. Science undergoes revolutions, and the only way to determine if something is scientific is to see what scientists do (there is an obvious circularity here). This was very popular in the relativistic late 60s, but ran up against some serious problems. For a start, ...
... what Kuhn called a 'paradigm shift'. Science undergoes revolutions, and the only way to determine if something is scientific is to see what scientists do (there is an obvious circularity here). This was very popular in the relativistic late 60s, but ran up against some serious problems. For a start, ...
Why does Evolution Matter? The Importance of Understanding
... Gabriel Trueba and Carlos Montufar, should be acknowledged for their efforts to establish an International Centre for the Study of Evolution and, of course, for orchestrating the proposed formation of a Latin American Society for Evolutionary Biology in such a paradigmatic place as the Galapagos Isl ...
... Gabriel Trueba and Carlos Montufar, should be acknowledged for their efforts to establish an International Centre for the Study of Evolution and, of course, for orchestrating the proposed formation of a Latin American Society for Evolutionary Biology in such a paradigmatic place as the Galapagos Isl ...
- University of Essex Research Repository
... evolution, which states that species evolved in a linear path from lower to more complex and intelligent organisms. This idea, used extensively as a scientific proof of racial superiority in the nineteenth century, was in fact popular even before the idea of biological evolution first appeared (Burr ...
... evolution, which states that species evolved in a linear path from lower to more complex and intelligent organisms. This idea, used extensively as a scientific proof of racial superiority in the nineteenth century, was in fact popular even before the idea of biological evolution first appeared (Burr ...
Lecture 6: The Sociology of Anomie
... for various patterns of high suicide rates: egoism, altruism, anomie, and fatalism. At this point, we shall focus only on the best known of these four causes of suicide, anomie. Anomie refers to an environmental state where society fails to exercise adequate regulation or constraint over the goals a ...
... for various patterns of high suicide rates: egoism, altruism, anomie, and fatalism. At this point, we shall focus only on the best known of these four causes of suicide, anomie. Anomie refers to an environmental state where society fails to exercise adequate regulation or constraint over the goals a ...
Interview with Laura Fortunato, Winner of the 2011 Gabriel W
... social organization remain quite stable through time without frequent shifts from one to another (like monogamy7 polygamy). As a consequence, and to justify your methodology, you must be quite confident that such social behaviors were stable through time. What kind of evidence do you have to justify ...
... social organization remain quite stable through time without frequent shifts from one to another (like monogamy7 polygamy). As a consequence, and to justify your methodology, you must be quite confident that such social behaviors were stable through time. What kind of evidence do you have to justify ...
Part 1 - Student
... become suited to the environment that they live in. While adaptations are easily observed and described, the evolution of these adaptive features is not usually noticed in a human lifetime. In past times, people thought that species never changed and neither did the environment. Today we know that t ...
... become suited to the environment that they live in. While adaptations are easily observed and described, the evolution of these adaptive features is not usually noticed in a human lifetime. In past times, people thought that species never changed and neither did the environment. Today we know that t ...
Transhumanism
... Although the various groups do not agree on every point (the American extropists in general are more libertarian and market-oriented than the European transhumanists) there is, nonetheless, a fairly stable core of ideas. The press release which the founders of Transcendo sent round the world when th ...
... Although the various groups do not agree on every point (the American extropists in general are more libertarian and market-oriented than the European transhumanists) there is, nonetheless, a fairly stable core of ideas. The press release which the founders of Transcendo sent round the world when th ...
Sociocultural evolution
Sociocultural evolution, sociocultural evolutionism or cultural evolution are theories of cultural and social evolution that describe how cultures and societies change over time. Whereas sociocultural development traces processes that tend to increase the complexity of a society or culture, sociocultural evolution also considers process that can lead to decreases in complexity (degeneration) or that can produce variation or proliferation without any seemingly significant changes in complexity (cladogenesis). Sociocultural evolution is ""the process by which structural reorganization is affected through time, eventually producing a form or structure which is qualitatively different from the ancestral form"".(Note, this article focusses on that use of the term 'socio-cultural evolution' to refer to work that is not in line with contemporary understandings of the word 'evolution'. There is a separate body of academic work which uses the term 'cultural evolution' using a more consensus Darwinian understanding of the term 'evolution'. For a description of this work, based in the foundational work of DT Campbell in the 1960s and followed up by Boyd, Richerson, Cvalli-Sforza, and Feldman in the 1980s, go to Cultural evolution or Dual inheritance theory.)Most 19th-century and some 20th-century approaches to socioculture aimed to provide models for the evolution of humankind as a whole, arguing that different societies have reached different stages of social development. The most comprehensive attempt to develop a general theory of social evolution centering on the development of socio-cultural systems, the work of Talcott Parsons (1902-1979), operated on a scale which included a theory of world history. Another attempt, on a less systematic scale, originated with the world-systems approach.More recent approaches focus on changes specific to individual societies and reject the idea that cultures differ primarily according to how far each one is on the linear scale of social progress. Most modern archaeologists and cultural anthropologists work within the frameworks of neoevolutionism, sociobiology and modernization theory.Many different societies have existed in the course of human history, with estimates as high as over one million separate societies; however, as of 2013, only about two hundred or so different societies survive.