Microgeographic adaptation and the spatial scale of evolution
... Dispersal neighborhood: the geographic area within which individuals and genes regularly move and interact; estimated as two standard deviations of the dispersal distribution of a population. Divergent selection: variation in natural selection resulting in different alleles being favored in differen ...
... Dispersal neighborhood: the geographic area within which individuals and genes regularly move and interact; estimated as two standard deviations of the dispersal distribution of a population. Divergent selection: variation in natural selection resulting in different alleles being favored in differen ...
The speed of ecological speciation
... consideration of speciation on ‘holey’ adaptive landscapes. These landscapes have multidimensional, almost ‘flat’, surfaces corresponding to genotype combinations of high fitness. These surfaces are then punctuated by large holes that correspond to genotype combinations of very low fitness (Gavrilet ...
... consideration of speciation on ‘holey’ adaptive landscapes. These landscapes have multidimensional, almost ‘flat’, surfaces corresponding to genotype combinations of high fitness. These surfaces are then punctuated by large holes that correspond to genotype combinations of very low fitness (Gavrilet ...
File
... endemic to the Galapagos Islands habitats are arid lowland forests and shrubland. generally feeds on seeds, but will also feed on insects and the fruit of cacti. ...
... endemic to the Galapagos Islands habitats are arid lowland forests and shrubland. generally feeds on seeds, but will also feed on insects and the fruit of cacti. ...
reports - WordPress.com
... at home in his study and garden at Down House in Kent.” And while many in Darwin’s time accepted his conclusion that life had evolved, Radford reminds us that some did not accept natural selection as the mechanism, “Darwin’s bulldog” Thomas Henry Huxley included. Next is a selection from Darwin’s fo ...
... at home in his study and garden at Down House in Kent.” And while many in Darwin’s time accepted his conclusion that life had evolved, Radford reminds us that some did not accept natural selection as the mechanism, “Darwin’s bulldog” Thomas Henry Huxley included. Next is a selection from Darwin’s fo ...
CHAPTER 2 Evolution: Constructing a Fundamental Scientific Theory
... on overall similarity. So although each species was unique, several of them could be combined into a single genus as a result of their shared traits. Similarly, different genera could be collected into a single, more inclusive family, families combined into orders, etc. Linnaeus’s system is still us ...
... on overall similarity. So although each species was unique, several of them could be combined into a single genus as a result of their shared traits. Similarly, different genera could be collected into a single, more inclusive family, families combined into orders, etc. Linnaeus’s system is still us ...
Putting Process and Product Conceptions of Natural Selection and
... class of definitions of selection and drift we should adopt. The argument would go something like this: If we’ve done our jobs as philosophers of biology correctly, the extensions of scientific concepts like natural selection and genetic drift are set by the scientists themselves – biologists, that ...
... class of definitions of selection and drift we should adopt. The argument would go something like this: If we’ve done our jobs as philosophers of biology correctly, the extensions of scientific concepts like natural selection and genetic drift are set by the scientists themselves – biologists, that ...
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... 1. Detail Darwin’s major contribution to the theory of evolution. ANS: Darwin’s key contribution was deducing that natural selection is the primary driver of evolution. According to this principle, the number of adults in a population remains the same even though parents tend to produce multiple off ...
... 1. Detail Darwin’s major contribution to the theory of evolution. ANS: Darwin’s key contribution was deducing that natural selection is the primary driver of evolution. According to this principle, the number of adults in a population remains the same even though parents tend to produce multiple off ...
From the scala naturae to the symbiogenetic and dynamic tree of life
... scientist, changes occurred because an animal passed on to its offspring physiological changes, such as strengthened muscules it had acquired in its own lifetime, and those modifications came about in response to its survival needs. Conversely, the disuse of an organ would cause it to wither and dis ...
... scientist, changes occurred because an animal passed on to its offspring physiological changes, such as strengthened muscules it had acquired in its own lifetime, and those modifications came about in response to its survival needs. Conversely, the disuse of an organ would cause it to wither and dis ...
Chapter 2—Evolution: Constructing a Fundamental Scientific Theory
... 1. Detail Darwin’s major contribution to the theory of evolution. ANS: Darwin’s key contribution was deducing that natural selection is the primary driver of evolution. According to this principle, the number of adults in a population remains the same even though parents tend to produce multiple off ...
... 1. Detail Darwin’s major contribution to the theory of evolution. ANS: Darwin’s key contribution was deducing that natural selection is the primary driver of evolution. According to this principle, the number of adults in a population remains the same even though parents tend to produce multiple off ...
The promise of ecological developmental biology
... Over evolutionary time, natural selection is understood to fit populations genetically to their particular environments by favoring the most welladapted genetic variants, due to their correspondingly high reproductive success or fitness relative to others in the population. In order to predict traje ...
... Over evolutionary time, natural selection is understood to fit populations genetically to their particular environments by favoring the most welladapted genetic variants, due to their correspondingly high reproductive success or fitness relative to others in the population. In order to predict traje ...
The Darwin Effect - Northwest Creation Network
... documented that in the last century 45.5 million Christians were martyred, a large number specifically by movements inspired by Charles Darwin, who in turn was a major influence on the former-Christian-turned-atheist Karl Marx, as documented in chapters 14 and 15 (2001). It is sometimes argued that ...
... documented that in the last century 45.5 million Christians were martyred, a large number specifically by movements inspired by Charles Darwin, who in turn was a major influence on the former-Christian-turned-atheist Karl Marx, as documented in chapters 14 and 15 (2001). It is sometimes argued that ...
Evolution: Simulating Adaptation by Natural Selection
... The theory of evolution by natural selection is one of the greatest products of modern science. The name most commonly associated with this theory is Charles Darwin. However, the idea of the evolution of species had been around a long time before Darwin. For example, the biologist Jean-Baptiste Lama ...
... The theory of evolution by natural selection is one of the greatest products of modern science. The name most commonly associated with this theory is Charles Darwin. However, the idea of the evolution of species had been around a long time before Darwin. For example, the biologist Jean-Baptiste Lama ...
`The Darwin-Wallace Celebration.`
... a sketch of a theory of natural selection as depending on the struggle for existence so identical with one he himself entertained, and fully described in MS. in 1842, that he never saw a more striking coincidence. After writing to Sir Charles Lyell, Mr. Darwin informed him (the speaker) of Mr. Walla ...
... a sketch of a theory of natural selection as depending on the struggle for existence so identical with one he himself entertained, and fully described in MS. in 1842, that he never saw a more striking coincidence. After writing to Sir Charles Lyell, Mr. Darwin informed him (the speaker) of Mr. Walla ...
Michael Ruse`s Design for Living
... analysis of the argument from design. In these brief historical sketches, he ignores the mountains of scholarship that lie under the history he efficiently recounts. His own goal is to set the problem with which Darwin had to deal, and his brief historical sketches serve that purpose. Ruse lingers, ...
... analysis of the argument from design. In these brief historical sketches, he ignores the mountains of scholarship that lie under the history he efficiently recounts. His own goal is to set the problem with which Darwin had to deal, and his brief historical sketches serve that purpose. Ruse lingers, ...
Chapter 13 PowerPoint File
... • The total collection of alleles in a population at any one time is the gene pool. • When the relative frequency of alleles changes over a number of generations, evolution is occurring on its smallest scale, which is ...
... • The total collection of alleles in a population at any one time is the gene pool. • When the relative frequency of alleles changes over a number of generations, evolution is occurring on its smallest scale, which is ...
A Guide for Museum Docents - Paleontological Research Institution
... Natural selection is a surprisingly simple concept. It is the idea that some individuals survive and reproduce better than others (due perhaps to variation, luck, disasters, and the influence of the environment). The characteristics of the parental generation are passed to their descendants (includ ...
... Natural selection is a surprisingly simple concept. It is the idea that some individuals survive and reproduce better than others (due perhaps to variation, luck, disasters, and the influence of the environment). The characteristics of the parental generation are passed to their descendants (includ ...
Formalizing Darwinism and inclusive fitness theory
... fitness is a precise issue, and one can expect theoretical work to apply with mathematical exactness. Kin selection, on the other hand, is a loose term. Its strongest useful attachment may now be towards facts—there is overwhelming evidence, too much to cite here, that individuals of many species do ...
... fitness is a precise issue, and one can expect theoretical work to apply with mathematical exactness. Kin selection, on the other hand, is a loose term. Its strongest useful attachment may now be towards facts—there is overwhelming evidence, too much to cite here, that individuals of many species do ...
Chapter 13: How Populations Evolve
... in populations of birds, insects, and many other organisms – Example: camouflage adaptations of mantids that live in different environments ...
... in populations of birds, insects, and many other organisms – Example: camouflage adaptations of mantids that live in different environments ...
Fitness variation in response to artificial selection for reduced cell
... body size clines in more than one Drosophila species, and the repeatability of laboratory thermal selection, the actual selective mechanisms controlling the genetic basis of body size variation are not fully understood. The cellular basis of body size variation has been extensively examined to gain ...
... body size clines in more than one Drosophila species, and the repeatability of laboratory thermal selection, the actual selective mechanisms controlling the genetic basis of body size variation are not fully understood. The cellular basis of body size variation has been extensively examined to gain ...
100 Years - College of Agriculture and Life Sciences
... widely known in the 1500s, as beekeepers began publishing their observations. As early as 1568, Nickel Jakob in Germany knew that worker bees can raise a queen from eggs or young larvae. By 1586 in Spain, Luis Méndez de Torres understood that the queen was the mother of all the bees in the colony. I ...
... widely known in the 1500s, as beekeepers began publishing their observations. As early as 1568, Nickel Jakob in Germany knew that worker bees can raise a queen from eggs or young larvae. By 1586 in Spain, Luis Méndez de Torres understood that the queen was the mother of all the bees in the colony. I ...
Evolution without Lamarck`s Theory and its Use in the Darwinian
... evidence. Therefore, the objective of this article was to give a clear and elaborate idea about Lamarck’s theory, its causes of unacceptance as well as its uses by Darwin with concise information, organized data and compelling evidence. This paper aims to be helpful to biologists, anthropologists an ...
... evidence. Therefore, the objective of this article was to give a clear and elaborate idea about Lamarck’s theory, its causes of unacceptance as well as its uses by Darwin with concise information, organized data and compelling evidence. This paper aims to be helpful to biologists, anthropologists an ...
reprint - Anderson lab - University of Georgia
... (3) are not strongly correlated with each other (all correlation coefficients |r| < 0. 53) (Table S2). We analyzed patterns of selection on the following phenotypic traits measured on all plants left after the March thinning: (1) length of the first true leaf (leaf length); (2) relative expansion ra ...
... (3) are not strongly correlated with each other (all correlation coefficients |r| < 0. 53) (Table S2). We analyzed patterns of selection on the following phenotypic traits measured on all plants left after the March thinning: (1) length of the first true leaf (leaf length); (2) relative expansion ra ...
Modes of Selection and Recombination Response in Drosophila
... Our working hypothesis predicted that the recombination index would decrease as a result of stabilizing selection. While only one comparison (M2, chromosome 3, generation 15) is statistically significantly different from the control, seven of the eight comparisons of M1 and M2 to the control have a ...
... Our working hypothesis predicted that the recombination index would decrease as a result of stabilizing selection. While only one comparison (M2, chromosome 3, generation 15) is statistically significantly different from the control, seven of the eight comparisons of M1 and M2 to the control have a ...
evolution ppt
... • He figured out the basic principles of genetics. He showed that offspring received characteristics from both parents, but only the dominant characteristic trait was expressed. Mendel’s work only came to light in 1900, long after his death ...
... • He figured out the basic principles of genetics. He showed that offspring received characteristics from both parents, but only the dominant characteristic trait was expressed. Mendel’s work only came to light in 1900, long after his death ...
The experimental evolution of specialists, generalists, and the
... 2000a) so I outline only the broad principles and predictions below. The environment is taken to be composed of a series of patches or habitats that differ in the conditions of growth offered. The niche of any genotype can be described by its mean ®tness and its environmental variance in ®tness acro ...
... 2000a) so I outline only the broad principles and predictions below. The environment is taken to be composed of a series of patches or habitats that differ in the conditions of growth offered. The niche of any genotype can be described by its mean ®tness and its environmental variance in ®tness acro ...
Natural selection
Natural selection is the differential survival and reproduction of individuals due to differences in phenotype; it is a key mechanism of evolution. The term ""natural selection"" was popularised by Charles Darwin, who intended it to be compared with artificial selection, now more commonly referred to as selective breeding.Variation exists within all populations of organisms. This occurs partly because random mutations arise in the genome of an individual organism, and these mutations can be passed to offspring. Throughout the individuals’ lives, their genomes interact with their environments to cause variations in traits. (The environment of a genome includes the molecular biology in the cell, other cells, other individuals, populations, species, as well as the abiotic environment.) Individuals with certain variants of the trait may survive and reproduce more than individuals with other, less successful, variants. Therefore, the population evolves. Factors that affect reproductive success are also important, an issue that Darwin developed in his ideas on sexual selection, which was redefined as being included in natural selection in the 1930s when biologists considered it not to be very important, and fecundity selection, for example.Natural selection acts on the phenotype, or the observable characteristics of an organism, but the genetic (heritable) basis of any phenotype that gives a reproductive advantage may become more common in a population (see allele frequency). Over time, this process can result in populations that specialise for particular ecological niches (microevolution) and may eventually result in the emergence of new species (macroevolution). In other words, natural selection is an important process (though not the only process) by which evolution takes place within a population of organisms. Natural selection can be contrasted with artificial selection, in which humans intentionally choose specific traits (although they may not always get what they want). In natural selection there is no intentional choice. In other words, artificial selection is teleological and natural selection is not teleological.Natural selection is one of the cornerstones of modern biology. The concept was published by Darwin and Alfred Russel Wallace in a joint presentation of papers in 1858, and set out in Darwin's influential 1859 book On the Origin of Species, in which natural selection was described as analogous to artificial selection, a process by which animals and plants with traits considered desirable by human breeders are systematically favoured for reproduction. The concept of natural selection was originally developed in the absence of a valid theory of heredity; at the time of Darwin's writing, nothing was known of modern genetics. The union of traditional Darwinian evolution with subsequent discoveries in classical and molecular genetics is termed the modern evolutionary synthesis. Natural selection remains the primary explanation for adaptive evolution.