Vertebrate pigmentation: from underlying genes to adaptive function
... Physical measures of coloration based on reflectance spectrometry have revolutionized the field of color research compared with earlier work that relied on human-assessed metrics [80]. Yet, when the putative function of color diversity is signaling, it is also crucial to identify what color differen ...
... Physical measures of coloration based on reflectance spectrometry have revolutionized the field of color research compared with earlier work that relied on human-assessed metrics [80]. Yet, when the putative function of color diversity is signaling, it is also crucial to identify what color differen ...
Evolution - Scsd1.com
... Darwin hypothesized that new species could appear gradually through small changes in ancestral species. Darwin inferred that if humans could change species by artificial selection, then perhaps the same process could work in nature. ...
... Darwin hypothesized that new species could appear gradually through small changes in ancestral species. Darwin inferred that if humans could change species by artificial selection, then perhaps the same process could work in nature. ...
Natural Selection - Battle of the Beak
... Answers may vary; however, it is most likely that the spoon was the easiest to use and the average number of food items picked up with the spoon is the highest. 3. Do some utensils perform better than others? If these utensils represent different beak types, which “beak” type (i.e., utensil) has the ...
... Answers may vary; however, it is most likely that the spoon was the easiest to use and the average number of food items picked up with the spoon is the highest. 3. Do some utensils perform better than others? If these utensils represent different beak types, which “beak” type (i.e., utensil) has the ...
The Origin of Species
... species for a particular purpose Linnaeus was the founder of taxonomy, the branch of biology concerned with classifying organisms He developed the binomial format for naming species (for example, Homo sapiens) ...
... species for a particular purpose Linnaeus was the founder of taxonomy, the branch of biology concerned with classifying organisms He developed the binomial format for naming species (for example, Homo sapiens) ...
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... You may be able to incorporate a discussion of some of the recent findings about cloning and what this contributes to our understanding of evolutionary processes. Students will likely be interested in the ethical issues involved in manipulating evolutionary processes. You might also include a discus ...
... You may be able to incorporate a discussion of some of the recent findings about cloning and what this contributes to our understanding of evolutionary processes. Students will likely be interested in the ethical issues involved in manipulating evolutionary processes. You might also include a discus ...
Modern application of evolutionary theory to psychology: Key
... and individuals reproduce differentially (Darwin, 1859; Mayr, 1982). Individuals can vary morphologically, physiologically, psychologically, and behaviorally; no two individuals are exactly the same (even monozygotic twins vary). Because of these variations, some individuals may be better able to su ...
... and individuals reproduce differentially (Darwin, 1859; Mayr, 1982). Individuals can vary morphologically, physiologically, psychologically, and behaviorally; no two individuals are exactly the same (even monozygotic twins vary). Because of these variations, some individuals may be better able to su ...
adaptive landscape - MicrobialEvolution.org
... 1. Both populations were climbing the same slope in the landscape, but at different rates. 2. Each population was climbing separate slopes to separate peaks. ...
... 1. Both populations were climbing the same slope in the landscape, but at different rates. 2. Each population was climbing separate slopes to separate peaks. ...
Gilson, Darwin, and Intelligent Design
... the theory of evolution in public school’s curricula. These are sometimes referred to as the “Young Earth” opposition since in their literal reading of the Bible (particularly of the first chapters of Genesis), they interpret the origin of the universe to have been accomplished in some six days, les ...
... the theory of evolution in public school’s curricula. These are sometimes referred to as the “Young Earth” opposition since in their literal reading of the Bible (particularly of the first chapters of Genesis), they interpret the origin of the universe to have been accomplished in some six days, les ...
Multilevel And Sex-Specific Selection On Competitive Traits In North
... Kingsolver et al. 2001; Smith and Blumstein 2008; Cox and Calsbeek 2009; Siepielski et al. ...
... Kingsolver et al. 2001; Smith and Blumstein 2008; Cox and Calsbeek 2009; Siepielski et al. ...
Drift, not selection, shapes toll-like receptor variation among oceanic
... the immune system are of particular interest, not least because of their obvious importance for individual and population survival (reviewed in Sommer 2005; Acevedo-Whitehouse & Cunningham 2006), but also because they are expected to be under strong and direct selection from pathogens (Trowsdale & P ...
... the immune system are of particular interest, not least because of their obvious importance for individual and population survival (reviewed in Sommer 2005; Acevedo-Whitehouse & Cunningham 2006), but also because they are expected to be under strong and direct selection from pathogens (Trowsdale & P ...
Sexual selection and temporal phenotypic variation in a damselfly
... developmental changes, and natural selection itself will cause phenotypic distributions to vary both within and between generations (Wade & Kalisz, 1990). To illustrate, imagine a population that experiences a static fitness surface favouring an intermediate phenotype (stabilizing selection: Fig. 1b ...
... developmental changes, and natural selection itself will cause phenotypic distributions to vary both within and between generations (Wade & Kalisz, 1990). To illustrate, imagine a population that experiences a static fitness surface favouring an intermediate phenotype (stabilizing selection: Fig. 1b ...
File
... In 1844, Darwin wrote an essay on natural selection as the mechanism of descent with modification, but did not introduce his theory publicly Natural selection is a process in which individuals with favorable inherited traits are more likely to survive and reproduce In June 1858, Darwin receiv ...
... In 1844, Darwin wrote an essay on natural selection as the mechanism of descent with modification, but did not introduce his theory publicly Natural selection is a process in which individuals with favorable inherited traits are more likely to survive and reproduce In June 1858, Darwin receiv ...
evolution, adaptation, and fitness in the environment
... 2. What type of change/trait helps an animal survive better? 3. Write an example of “fitness” like we just talked about that does not mean “physical fitness” (like being in good shape or really strong). 4. What determines which traits in a population are the best? ...
... 2. What type of change/trait helps an animal survive better? 3. Write an example of “fitness” like we just talked about that does not mean “physical fitness” (like being in good shape or really strong). 4. What determines which traits in a population are the best? ...
Reduced learning ability as a consequence of - Serval
... 6 ml propionic acid, and 10 ml nipagin (10 %) per 1 l of water) at a size of ca. 2000 individuals. After seven generations, the replicate selection lines were derived by collecting eggs from this base population. Selection regimes Four selection regimes were applied in a 2 × 2 (factorial) design (pr ...
... 6 ml propionic acid, and 10 ml nipagin (10 %) per 1 l of water) at a size of ca. 2000 individuals. After seven generations, the replicate selection lines were derived by collecting eggs from this base population. Selection regimes Four selection regimes were applied in a 2 × 2 (factorial) design (pr ...
Selection experiments: an under-utilized tool in
... project into the future. If extended for enough generations, they may allow one to observe fundamental changes in both phenotypic and genetic architecture, which can then be attributed to past selection that has occurred in a relatively well-defined manner (as compared with what occurs in nature). F ...
... project into the future. If extended for enough generations, they may allow one to observe fundamental changes in both phenotypic and genetic architecture, which can then be attributed to past selection that has occurred in a relatively well-defined manner (as compared with what occurs in nature). F ...
THE RESPONSE TO ARTIFICIAL SELECTION DUE TO
... are strongly influenced by the intensity of linkage between the two loci, the interaction between linkage and initial gene frequency being non-significant for L 95 , H 95 , and D 95 . The first-order interaction between linkage and regime is significant for each of the parameters except total respon ...
... are strongly influenced by the intensity of linkage between the two loci, the interaction between linkage and initial gene frequency being non-significant for L 95 , H 95 , and D 95 . The first-order interaction between linkage and regime is significant for each of the parameters except total respon ...
Charles Darwin - IES Rey Pastor
... The theory as presented in Darwin's The Origin of Species, I should say, was not new to the world and it cannot be attributed to Darwin. The theory, contrary to popular belief has been around since Aristotle and Lucretius. Darwin's contribution is that he gathered indisputable evidence, and he set f ...
... The theory as presented in Darwin's The Origin of Species, I should say, was not new to the world and it cannot be attributed to Darwin. The theory, contrary to popular belief has been around since Aristotle and Lucretius. Darwin's contribution is that he gathered indisputable evidence, and he set f ...
Multidimensional convergence stability
... into account when considering evolutionary stability. On the one hand, I will note that it is essentially futile to expect a completely general stability criterion based solely on (invasion) fitness, and this state of affairs is particularly acute for multidimensional trait spaces. On the other hand ...
... into account when considering evolutionary stability. On the one hand, I will note that it is essentially futile to expect a completely general stability criterion based solely on (invasion) fitness, and this state of affairs is particularly acute for multidimensional trait spaces. On the other hand ...
Russian comparative embryology takes form: a conceptual
... species. He did not, however, think that natural selection, alone, was sufficient to cause such evolution. Indeed, in his later years, von Baer writes to the evolutionary biologist Anton Dohrn: “I cannot help but find transmutation probable to a high degree; but I cannot declare Darwin's hypothesis ...
... species. He did not, however, think that natural selection, alone, was sufficient to cause such evolution. Indeed, in his later years, von Baer writes to the evolutionary biologist Anton Dohrn: “I cannot help but find transmutation probable to a high degree; but I cannot declare Darwin's hypothesis ...
How Do Natural Selection and Random Drift
... make the probabilities which govern fates of individual organisms causal, my account allows the possibility of a clearer understanding of the sense in which random drift and natural selection are causal. “Force” may be somewhat misleading since it suggests that evolutionary forces are closely analo ...
... make the probabilities which govern fates of individual organisms causal, my account allows the possibility of a clearer understanding of the sense in which random drift and natural selection are causal. “Force” may be somewhat misleading since it suggests that evolutionary forces are closely analo ...
CHARLES DARWIN - Big History Project
... 9, 1858, clearly motivated Darwin to quickly put his own ideas into print. His book, called On the Origin of Species, appeared in 1859. The introduction stated Darwin’s main idea: As many more individuals of each species are born than can possibly survive; and as, consequently, there is a frequently ...
... 9, 1858, clearly motivated Darwin to quickly put his own ideas into print. His book, called On the Origin of Species, appeared in 1859. The introduction stated Darwin’s main idea: As many more individuals of each species are born than can possibly survive; and as, consequently, there is a frequently ...
darwin - Columbia College
... mainland organisms of South America and yet specifically different both from the mainland organisms and from one another? Darwin answers this in terms of a history of migration from the continent, with subsequent adaptation to the local environment; small differences in morphology – like the form of ...
... mainland organisms of South America and yet specifically different both from the mainland organisms and from one another? Darwin answers this in terms of a history of migration from the continent, with subsequent adaptation to the local environment; small differences in morphology – like the form of ...
Biological-Anthropology-2nd-Edition
... natural forms may change as they adapt to environmental conditions each living form possesses a fixed essence that cannot be altered life forms change in constant yet unpredictable ways animals transform over time, but plants do not ...
... natural forms may change as they adapt to environmental conditions each living form possesses a fixed essence that cannot be altered life forms change in constant yet unpredictable ways animals transform over time, but plants do not ...
Microgeographic adaptation and the spatial scale of evolution
... Dispersal neighborhood: the geographic area within which individuals and genes regularly move and interact; estimated as two standard deviations of the dispersal distribution of a population. Divergent selection: variation in natural selection resulting in different alleles being favored in differen ...
... Dispersal neighborhood: the geographic area within which individuals and genes regularly move and interact; estimated as two standard deviations of the dispersal distribution of a population. Divergent selection: variation in natural selection resulting in different alleles being favored in differen ...
How do Natural Selection and Random Drift Interact?
... 1999; Abrams, 2006)). There are also debates about what propensities are and whether any such things exist (Eagle, 2004). However, since I simply want to use propensity to illustrate the idea of a causal probability, I need not address any of these debates here. For my purposes, all that matters abo ...
... 1999; Abrams, 2006)). There are also debates about what propensities are and whether any such things exist (Eagle, 2004). However, since I simply want to use propensity to illustrate the idea of a causal probability, I need not address any of these debates here. For my purposes, all that matters abo ...
Natural selection
Natural selection is the differential survival and reproduction of individuals due to differences in phenotype; it is a key mechanism of evolution. The term ""natural selection"" was popularised by Charles Darwin, who intended it to be compared with artificial selection, now more commonly referred to as selective breeding.Variation exists within all populations of organisms. This occurs partly because random mutations arise in the genome of an individual organism, and these mutations can be passed to offspring. Throughout the individuals’ lives, their genomes interact with their environments to cause variations in traits. (The environment of a genome includes the molecular biology in the cell, other cells, other individuals, populations, species, as well as the abiotic environment.) Individuals with certain variants of the trait may survive and reproduce more than individuals with other, less successful, variants. Therefore, the population evolves. Factors that affect reproductive success are also important, an issue that Darwin developed in his ideas on sexual selection, which was redefined as being included in natural selection in the 1930s when biologists considered it not to be very important, and fecundity selection, for example.Natural selection acts on the phenotype, or the observable characteristics of an organism, but the genetic (heritable) basis of any phenotype that gives a reproductive advantage may become more common in a population (see allele frequency). Over time, this process can result in populations that specialise for particular ecological niches (microevolution) and may eventually result in the emergence of new species (macroevolution). In other words, natural selection is an important process (though not the only process) by which evolution takes place within a population of organisms. Natural selection can be contrasted with artificial selection, in which humans intentionally choose specific traits (although they may not always get what they want). In natural selection there is no intentional choice. In other words, artificial selection is teleological and natural selection is not teleological.Natural selection is one of the cornerstones of modern biology. The concept was published by Darwin and Alfred Russel Wallace in a joint presentation of papers in 1858, and set out in Darwin's influential 1859 book On the Origin of Species, in which natural selection was described as analogous to artificial selection, a process by which animals and plants with traits considered desirable by human breeders are systematically favoured for reproduction. The concept of natural selection was originally developed in the absence of a valid theory of heredity; at the time of Darwin's writing, nothing was known of modern genetics. The union of traditional Darwinian evolution with subsequent discoveries in classical and molecular genetics is termed the modern evolutionary synthesis. Natural selection remains the primary explanation for adaptive evolution.