Evolutionary Gems from Nature
... environment to another. Whales, for example, are beautifully adapted to life in water, and have been for millions of years. But, like us, they are mammals. They breathe air, and give birth to and suckle live young. Yet there is good evidence that mammals originally evolved on land. If that is so, th ...
... environment to another. Whales, for example, are beautifully adapted to life in water, and have been for millions of years. But, like us, they are mammals. They breathe air, and give birth to and suckle live young. Yet there is good evidence that mammals originally evolved on land. If that is so, th ...
Evolutionary Perspectives on Personality
... Human have evolved “difference-detecting mechanisms” designed to notice and remember individual differences that have most relevance for solving social adaptive problems Copyright © 2005 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display. ...
... Human have evolved “difference-detecting mechanisms” designed to notice and remember individual differences that have most relevance for solving social adaptive problems Copyright © 2005 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display. ...
Wright`s adaptive landscape versus Fisher`s fundamental theorem
... Wright’s published commentary continues to define the dominant view of Fisher’s outlook on evolutionary dynamics and on the fundamental theorem. Here, I describe what Fisher actually wrote about these topics, which differs greatly from the picture painted by Wright. ...
... Wright’s published commentary continues to define the dominant view of Fisher’s outlook on evolutionary dynamics and on the fundamental theorem. Here, I describe what Fisher actually wrote about these topics, which differs greatly from the picture painted by Wright. ...
evolution in action in the classroom: engaging students in scientific
... first to combine many observations about living organisms, geologic processes, fossils, and artificial selection to propose a workable mechanism for how it occurs. Other naturalists, including Alfred Russel Wallace, also proposed theories of natural selection, but Darwin’s theory was developed earl ...
... first to combine many observations about living organisms, geologic processes, fossils, and artificial selection to propose a workable mechanism for how it occurs. Other naturalists, including Alfred Russel Wallace, also proposed theories of natural selection, but Darwin’s theory was developed earl ...
Section 6.3: Mendel and Heredity
... Key Concept • Gregor Mendel showed that traits are inherited as discrete units. – Mendel said that unlike other clerics, he didn't feel called to the Church: "my circumstances decided my vocational choice – Mendel demonstrated through his research the mechanism for inheritance of which Darwin and W ...
... Key Concept • Gregor Mendel showed that traits are inherited as discrete units. – Mendel said that unlike other clerics, he didn't feel called to the Church: "my circumstances decided my vocational choice – Mendel demonstrated through his research the mechanism for inheritance of which Darwin and W ...
Chapter 13 - Everglades High School
... natural selection in an early outline that he showed to only a few scientists he knew and trusted. • Darwin decided to publish after he received a letter and essay in June 1858 from the young English naturalist Alfred Russel Wallace (1823–1913), who was in Malaysia at the time. Wallace’s essay descr ...
... natural selection in an early outline that he showed to only a few scientists he knew and trusted. • Darwin decided to publish after he received a letter and essay in June 1858 from the young English naturalist Alfred Russel Wallace (1823–1913), who was in Malaysia at the time. Wallace’s essay descr ...
Are Random Drift and Natural Selection - Philsci
... very large) population, we would expect the proportion of long-necked to short-necked giraffes to remain relatively constant from generation to generation. However, we would not expect the proportions to remain constant in a small population. To understand this, imagine an urn filled with colored ba ...
... very large) population, we would expect the proportion of long-necked to short-necked giraffes to remain relatively constant from generation to generation. However, we would not expect the proportions to remain constant in a small population. To understand this, imagine an urn filled with colored ba ...
Akashi+3_Genetica_98
... Comparing the evolutionary behavior of preferred and unpreferred mutations requires both the identification of candidates for major codons and inference of the direction of mutations (ancestral and derived states) in DNA. Although tRNA abundances have not been quantified in Drosophila, candidates fo ...
... Comparing the evolutionary behavior of preferred and unpreferred mutations requires both the identification of candidates for major codons and inference of the direction of mutations (ancestral and derived states) in DNA. Although tRNA abundances have not been quantified in Drosophila, candidates fo ...
Evolutionary uniformitarianism
... patterns in types of variation upon which natural selection and other evolutionary processes could act. I present a new compilation of the first occurrences of marine invertebrate phyla, classes and equivalent stem groups during the Ediacaran, Cambrian and Ordovician, focusing on the Ediacaran–Cambri ...
... patterns in types of variation upon which natural selection and other evolutionary processes could act. I present a new compilation of the first occurrences of marine invertebrate phyla, classes and equivalent stem groups during the Ediacaran, Cambrian and Ordovician, focusing on the Ediacaran–Cambri ...
From the scala naturae to the symbiogenetic and dynamic tree of life
... scientist, changes occurred because an animal passed on to its offspring physiological changes, such as strengthened muscules it had acquired in its own lifetime, and those modifications came about in response to its survival needs. Conversely, the disuse of an organ would cause it to wither and dis ...
... scientist, changes occurred because an animal passed on to its offspring physiological changes, such as strengthened muscules it had acquired in its own lifetime, and those modifications came about in response to its survival needs. Conversely, the disuse of an organ would cause it to wither and dis ...
From the scala naturae to the symbiogenetic and
... scientist, changes occurred because an animal passed on to its offspring physiological changes, such as strengthened muscules it had acquired in its own lifetime, and those modifications came about in response to its survival needs. Conversely, the disuse of an organ would cause it to wither and dis ...
... scientist, changes occurred because an animal passed on to its offspring physiological changes, such as strengthened muscules it had acquired in its own lifetime, and those modifications came about in response to its survival needs. Conversely, the disuse of an organ would cause it to wither and dis ...
variations in variation and selection: the ubiquity
... balls, and the inelasticity in the case of balls of putty. Initial and boundary conditions. Another form of explanation is initial condition explanation. In this case, why a given state of affairs is so is explained in terms of what its initial-condition state of affairs was, and the ensuing develop ...
... balls, and the inelasticity in the case of balls of putty. Initial and boundary conditions. Another form of explanation is initial condition explanation. In this case, why a given state of affairs is so is explained in terms of what its initial-condition state of affairs was, and the ensuing develop ...
Presentazione di PowerPoint
... Darwin’s knowledges supporting evolution Charles Lyell (geologist) Earth is old enough for evolution to have resulted in the species seen today. Georges Cuvier (paleontologist) Catastrophes caused evolution to occur. ...
... Darwin’s knowledges supporting evolution Charles Lyell (geologist) Earth is old enough for evolution to have resulted in the species seen today. Georges Cuvier (paleontologist) Catastrophes caused evolution to occur. ...
Presentazione di PowerPoint
... Darwin’s knowledges supporting evolution Charles Lyell (geologist) Earth is old enough for evolution to have resulted in the species seen today. Georges Cuvier (paleontologist) Catastrophes caused evolution to occur. ...
... Darwin’s knowledges supporting evolution Charles Lyell (geologist) Earth is old enough for evolution to have resulted in the species seen today. Georges Cuvier (paleontologist) Catastrophes caused evolution to occur. ...
Law and Evolutionary Biology - CUA Law Scholarship Repository
... 6. This is, of course, a simplification. More specifically, since "continual generation of random variation is continually followed by differential survival and proliferation that is nonrandom, the more adaptive forms persist ...while their alternatives perish." DALY & WILSON, supra note 5, at 3 (su ...
... 6. This is, of course, a simplification. More specifically, since "continual generation of random variation is continually followed by differential survival and proliferation that is nonrandom, the more adaptive forms persist ...while their alternatives perish." DALY & WILSON, supra note 5, at 3 (su ...
evolutionary theory and biodiversity
... • erasmus Darwin (1731–1802) suggested that competition between individuals could lead to changes in species. (He was Charles Darwin’s grandfather.) • Jean Baptiste lamarck (1744–1829) proposed a mechanism by which organisms change over time. He hypothesized that living things evolve through the inh ...
... • erasmus Darwin (1731–1802) suggested that competition between individuals could lead to changes in species. (He was Charles Darwin’s grandfather.) • Jean Baptiste lamarck (1744–1829) proposed a mechanism by which organisms change over time. He hypothesized that living things evolve through the inh ...
In New York
... Darwins might not, given their different religious perspectives, be spending eternity in the same place; Charles shed tears over their differences. But he also instructed Emma in another document, that if he were to die before finishing his work, 500 pounds could be set aside from his estate to ensu ...
... Darwins might not, given their different religious perspectives, be spending eternity in the same place; Charles shed tears over their differences. But he also instructed Emma in another document, that if he were to die before finishing his work, 500 pounds could be set aside from his estate to ensu ...
Charles Darwin`s reputation: how it changed during the twentieth
... Huxley that provided the title of the newmovement: Evolution: The Modern Synthesis.5 Besides providing the title of the Modern Synthesis, Julian Huxley’s 1942 book made another important rhetorical contribution. It appears as a section heading early in the book: ‘The Eclipse of Darwinism’. This sect ...
... Huxley that provided the title of the newmovement: Evolution: The Modern Synthesis.5 Besides providing the title of the Modern Synthesis, Julian Huxley’s 1942 book made another important rhetorical contribution. It appears as a section heading early in the book: ‘The Eclipse of Darwinism’. This sect ...
Document
... allow organisms phenotypic flexibility in different environments. However, despite several attempts, little evidence exists for its role in adaptation. We performed a meta-analysis in yeast to identify the genetic basis of AP in bi-parental segregants, natural isolates, and a laboratory strain genome ...
... allow organisms phenotypic flexibility in different environments. However, despite several attempts, little evidence exists for its role in adaptation. We performed a meta-analysis in yeast to identify the genetic basis of AP in bi-parental segregants, natural isolates, and a laboratory strain genome ...
Charles Darwin and blending inheritance
... strongly implanted, crossing must be prevented with other breeds, or if not prevented the best characterized of the half-bred offspring must be carefully selected.16 I conclude then, that races of most animals and plants, when unconfined in the same country would tend to blend together.17 In this co ...
... strongly implanted, crossing must be prevented with other breeds, or if not prevented the best characterized of the half-bred offspring must be carefully selected.16 I conclude then, that races of most animals and plants, when unconfined in the same country would tend to blend together.17 In this co ...
Evolutionary Response to Selection on Clutch Size in a Long‐Term
... related individuals while controlling for various environmental factors. The predicted breeding value will be a measure of the additive effects of an individual’s genes, that is, the expected effect of its genes passed on to its offspring (Lynch and Walsh 1998). Studying changes in predicted breedin ...
... related individuals while controlling for various environmental factors. The predicted breeding value will be a measure of the additive effects of an individual’s genes, that is, the expected effect of its genes passed on to its offspring (Lynch and Walsh 1998). Studying changes in predicted breedin ...
A framework for comparing processes of speciation in the
... physiological architecture. An example might be male and female body size, or perhaps a male acoustic signal and female preference that share a common underlying oscillator (Butlin & Ritchie 1989). For such traits, pleiotropy will be common. Nevertheless, it is perfectly possible for them to be infl ...
... physiological architecture. An example might be male and female body size, or perhaps a male acoustic signal and female preference that share a common underlying oscillator (Butlin & Ritchie 1989). For such traits, pleiotropy will be common. Nevertheless, it is perfectly possible for them to be infl ...
Rapid evolution in crop-weed hybrids under artificial selection for
... However, despite extremely low fertility and viability in early generation hybrids, extensive gene flow and the establishment of new evolutionary lineages have been repeatedly documented in natural systems via allopolyploidy (e.g., Otto and Whitton 2000) and, less frequently, in homoploid hybrid lin ...
... However, despite extremely low fertility and viability in early generation hybrids, extensive gene flow and the establishment of new evolutionary lineages have been repeatedly documented in natural systems via allopolyploidy (e.g., Otto and Whitton 2000) and, less frequently, in homoploid hybrid lin ...
Levels, Time and Fitness in Evolutionary Transitions in Individuality
... the idea of evolution by natural selection. Following Godfrey-Smith, I propose a broader concept of reproduction, namely formal reproduction (Godfrey-Smith 2009, 79-81), to be used when describing foundational Darwinian processes such as ETIs. I show that if the concept of formal reproduction is use ...
... the idea of evolution by natural selection. Following Godfrey-Smith, I propose a broader concept of reproduction, namely formal reproduction (Godfrey-Smith 2009, 79-81), to be used when describing foundational Darwinian processes such as ETIs. I show that if the concept of formal reproduction is use ...
Natural selection
Natural selection is the differential survival and reproduction of individuals due to differences in phenotype; it is a key mechanism of evolution. The term ""natural selection"" was popularised by Charles Darwin, who intended it to be compared with artificial selection, now more commonly referred to as selective breeding.Variation exists within all populations of organisms. This occurs partly because random mutations arise in the genome of an individual organism, and these mutations can be passed to offspring. Throughout the individuals’ lives, their genomes interact with their environments to cause variations in traits. (The environment of a genome includes the molecular biology in the cell, other cells, other individuals, populations, species, as well as the abiotic environment.) Individuals with certain variants of the trait may survive and reproduce more than individuals with other, less successful, variants. Therefore, the population evolves. Factors that affect reproductive success are also important, an issue that Darwin developed in his ideas on sexual selection, which was redefined as being included in natural selection in the 1930s when biologists considered it not to be very important, and fecundity selection, for example.Natural selection acts on the phenotype, or the observable characteristics of an organism, but the genetic (heritable) basis of any phenotype that gives a reproductive advantage may become more common in a population (see allele frequency). Over time, this process can result in populations that specialise for particular ecological niches (microevolution) and may eventually result in the emergence of new species (macroevolution). In other words, natural selection is an important process (though not the only process) by which evolution takes place within a population of organisms. Natural selection can be contrasted with artificial selection, in which humans intentionally choose specific traits (although they may not always get what they want). In natural selection there is no intentional choice. In other words, artificial selection is teleological and natural selection is not teleological.Natural selection is one of the cornerstones of modern biology. The concept was published by Darwin and Alfred Russel Wallace in a joint presentation of papers in 1858, and set out in Darwin's influential 1859 book On the Origin of Species, in which natural selection was described as analogous to artificial selection, a process by which animals and plants with traits considered desirable by human breeders are systematically favoured for reproduction. The concept of natural selection was originally developed in the absence of a valid theory of heredity; at the time of Darwin's writing, nothing was known of modern genetics. The union of traditional Darwinian evolution with subsequent discoveries in classical and molecular genetics is termed the modern evolutionary synthesis. Natural selection remains the primary explanation for adaptive evolution.