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Evolution - Department of Geology UPRM
Evolution - Department of Geology UPRM

... • Darwin not wanting to rob Wallace of due credit but also not wanting to lose credit for his own appealed to the geologist Charles Lyell and the botanist Joseph Hooker. ...
Prof. Abraham Korol, University of Haifa, Israel
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... They also argued that the processes changing Earth today, like volcanism and erosion, are the same ones that changed Earth in the past. Knowing that Earth could change over time helped Darwin realize that species might change as well. Knowing that Earth was very old convinced Darwin that there had b ...
Darwin Biography - jan.ucc.nau.edu
Darwin Biography - jan.ucc.nau.edu

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social darwinism - bugilsocialstudies
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social darwinism - bugilsocialstudies
social darwinism - bugilsocialstudies

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The Greatest Show on Earth Review
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... Humans deliberately chose attractive roses, sunflowers, etc. for breeding, thereby preserving the genes that produce the attractive features. This is called artificial selection, its something humans have known about since long before Darwin and everybody understands that it is powerful enough to tu ...
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Fulltext PDF - Indian Academy of Sciences
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Adapt or die File
Adapt or die File

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Natural selection



Natural selection is the differential survival and reproduction of individuals due to differences in phenotype; it is a key mechanism of evolution. The term ""natural selection"" was popularised by Charles Darwin, who intended it to be compared with artificial selection, now more commonly referred to as selective breeding.Variation exists within all populations of organisms. This occurs partly because random mutations arise in the genome of an individual organism, and these mutations can be passed to offspring. Throughout the individuals’ lives, their genomes interact with their environments to cause variations in traits. (The environment of a genome includes the molecular biology in the cell, other cells, other individuals, populations, species, as well as the abiotic environment.) Individuals with certain variants of the trait may survive and reproduce more than individuals with other, less successful, variants. Therefore, the population evolves. Factors that affect reproductive success are also important, an issue that Darwin developed in his ideas on sexual selection, which was redefined as being included in natural selection in the 1930s when biologists considered it not to be very important, and fecundity selection, for example.Natural selection acts on the phenotype, or the observable characteristics of an organism, but the genetic (heritable) basis of any phenotype that gives a reproductive advantage may become more common in a population (see allele frequency). Over time, this process can result in populations that specialise for particular ecological niches (microevolution) and may eventually result in the emergence of new species (macroevolution). In other words, natural selection is an important process (though not the only process) by which evolution takes place within a population of organisms. Natural selection can be contrasted with artificial selection, in which humans intentionally choose specific traits (although they may not always get what they want). In natural selection there is no intentional choice. In other words, artificial selection is teleological and natural selection is not teleological.Natural selection is one of the cornerstones of modern biology. The concept was published by Darwin and Alfred Russel Wallace in a joint presentation of papers in 1858, and set out in Darwin's influential 1859 book On the Origin of Species, in which natural selection was described as analogous to artificial selection, a process by which animals and plants with traits considered desirable by human breeders are systematically favoured for reproduction. The concept of natural selection was originally developed in the absence of a valid theory of heredity; at the time of Darwin's writing, nothing was known of modern genetics. The union of traditional Darwinian evolution with subsequent discoveries in classical and molecular genetics is termed the modern evolutionary synthesis. Natural selection remains the primary explanation for adaptive evolution.
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