Behavioral changes, ecological niches and adaptive diversification
... have tried to understand how evolution generated all this diversity across the tree of life. Although great progress has been made in the last decades, understanding why and how lineages divers ...
... have tried to understand how evolution generated all this diversity across the tree of life. Although great progress has been made in the last decades, understanding why and how lineages divers ...
Ernst Mayr (1904–2005) and the new philosophy of biology
... the organism: “survival, the ability to contribute to the genetic content of the next generation, is not at all a matter of accident, but a statistically predictable property of the genotype“ (Mayr 1964, p. [xvi]). The differences between the genotypes however are, as we have seen, due to the random ...
... the organism: “survival, the ability to contribute to the genetic content of the next generation, is not at all a matter of accident, but a statistically predictable property of the genotype“ (Mayr 1964, p. [xvi]). The differences between the genotypes however are, as we have seen, due to the random ...
Bully for Brontosaurus - A Website About Stephen Jay Gould`s
... Snails of the genus Partula are noted for the diversity of their shape and coloring, with each species living in a small and distinct geographical area. They live on fungus that grows on rotting vegetation, and leave plants, including cultivated crops, alone. Unfortunately, the large African land s ...
... Snails of the genus Partula are noted for the diversity of their shape and coloring, with each species living in a small and distinct geographical area. They live on fungus that grows on rotting vegetation, and leave plants, including cultivated crops, alone. Unfortunately, the large African land s ...
- CUNY Academic Works
... inhabited, then selection may be non-random, but not 'natural' so much as 'organic'. viii – Variation.................................................................................................................................27 Since the cause of variation is unknown we can not be certain that ...
... inhabited, then selection may be non-random, but not 'natural' so much as 'organic'. viii – Variation.................................................................................................................................27 Since the cause of variation is unknown we can not be certain that ...
Phenotypic flexibility and the evolution of organismal design
... much recent attention has been on developmental plasticity – the environmentally induced variability during development within a single genotype. The phenotypic variation expressed by single reproductively mature organisms throughout their life, traditionally the subject of many physiological studie ...
... much recent attention has been on developmental plasticity – the environmentally induced variability during development within a single genotype. The phenotypic variation expressed by single reproductively mature organisms throughout their life, traditionally the subject of many physiological studie ...
Contents
... fish were reported by OKAWA (unpubl.) and are inclued in the summary. A conservative estimate of total observation time during the period relevant for this paper (April 1976 to July 1978) is 1000 hours. Fish were kept in a 32 000 l reef-tank (4 × 4 × 2m), with artificial coral skeletons. A stone ree ...
... fish were reported by OKAWA (unpubl.) and are inclued in the summary. A conservative estimate of total observation time during the period relevant for this paper (April 1976 to July 1978) is 1000 hours. Fish were kept in a 32 000 l reef-tank (4 × 4 × 2m), with artificial coral skeletons. A stone ree ...
Chapter 15: Evolution
... branches. This acquired trait was then passed down to the offspring SACCONE IS THE COOLEST ...
... branches. This acquired trait was then passed down to the offspring SACCONE IS THE COOLEST ...
Cyclostome embryology and early evolutionary history of vertebrates
... the evolution of the jaw seems to have involved the heterotopic shift of tissue interactions to exclude the premandibular domain from the induction of the oral apparatus, and not simply the transformation of the mandibular arch (Shigetani et al. 2002; Kuratani 2004), this novelty also seems to have ...
... the evolution of the jaw seems to have involved the heterotopic shift of tissue interactions to exclude the premandibular domain from the induction of the oral apparatus, and not simply the transformation of the mandibular arch (Shigetani et al. 2002; Kuratani 2004), this novelty also seems to have ...
full text – penultimate version
... II. Internal and external history of science I talked about the history of scientific thought and the history of scientists above. I will use a less colorful but more precise formulation in what follows. I will use a distinction between the internal and the external history of science as these terms ...
... II. Internal and external history of science I talked about the history of scientific thought and the history of scientists above. I will use a less colorful but more precise formulation in what follows. I will use a distinction between the internal and the external history of science as these terms ...
Adaptive changes in harvested populations: plasticity and evolution
... across environments changes with their life stage. First, larvae distribute randomly across environments because of limited moving capacity. After metamorphosis, individuals gain better mobility and thus can actively select their habitat. We assume that habitat choice occurs just after metamorphosis ...
... across environments changes with their life stage. First, larvae distribute randomly across environments because of limited moving capacity. After metamorphosis, individuals gain better mobility and thus can actively select their habitat. We assume that habitat choice occurs just after metamorphosis ...
Evolution of Ethics in the Island of Doctor Moreau and Heart of
... of divergent facets in Huxley’s work, and the necessity of a closer scholarly examination. Historians such as Peter Bowler argue for a re-classification of Huxley as “pseudo-Darwinian” on the basis that “it now appears that Huxley was interested in selection only as a possible mechanism of evolution ...
... of divergent facets in Huxley’s work, and the necessity of a closer scholarly examination. Historians such as Peter Bowler argue for a re-classification of Huxley as “pseudo-Darwinian” on the basis that “it now appears that Huxley was interested in selection only as a possible mechanism of evolution ...
War and peace: social interactions in infections
... One of the most striking facts about parasites and microbial pathogens that has emerged in the fields of social evolution and disease ecology in the past few decades is that these simple organisms have complex social lives, indulging in a variety of cooperative, communicative and coordinated behavio ...
... One of the most striking facts about parasites and microbial pathogens that has emerged in the fields of social evolution and disease ecology in the past few decades is that these simple organisms have complex social lives, indulging in a variety of cooperative, communicative and coordinated behavio ...
Homology and Heterochrony
... An important critique of recapitulation stemmed from the work of the marine biologist Walter Garstang (1868–1949), who coined the term ‘paedomorphosis’. Garstang wrote only a few papers on this issue, which did not attract wide recognition in his life-time, but his ideas prove to be important for th ...
... An important critique of recapitulation stemmed from the work of the marine biologist Walter Garstang (1868–1949), who coined the term ‘paedomorphosis’. Garstang wrote only a few papers on this issue, which did not attract wide recognition in his life-time, but his ideas prove to be important for th ...
What Makes Biology Unique?
... the evenings, when I was not busy with bird skinning, I would read in these two volumes. As a result, by the time I returned to Germany, I had concluded that neither Driesch nor Bergson was the answer to my search. Both authors were vitalists and I had no use for a philosophy based on such an occult ...
... the evenings, when I was not busy with bird skinning, I would read in these two volumes. As a result, by the time I returned to Germany, I had concluded that neither Driesch nor Bergson was the answer to my search. Both authors were vitalists and I had no use for a philosophy based on such an occult ...
Hen`s Teeth and Horse`s Toes
... One popular 19th century school of thought that attempted to make the case that morality could be found in nature was natural theology [ELP 9, LMC 15]. Some of the ideas date back to antiquity, but the seminal document is William Paley’s 1802 book of this title. Natural theology, as opposed to reve ...
... One popular 19th century school of thought that attempted to make the case that morality could be found in nature was natural theology [ELP 9, LMC 15]. Some of the ideas date back to antiquity, but the seminal document is William Paley’s 1802 book of this title. Natural theology, as opposed to reve ...
Comparing Invertebrates
... • Centralization and Cephalization • Cephalization is the concentration of nerve tissue and organs in one end of the body. ...
... • Centralization and Cephalization • Cephalization is the concentration of nerve tissue and organs in one end of the body. ...
Introduction
... EC deals with a range of problem-solving techniques based on principles of biological evolution, such as natural selection and genetic inheritance. EC studies basic principles of genetic algorithms (GA), evolutionary programming (EP), evolution strategy (ES), genetic ...
... EC deals with a range of problem-solving techniques based on principles of biological evolution, such as natural selection and genetic inheritance. EC studies basic principles of genetic algorithms (GA), evolutionary programming (EP), evolution strategy (ES), genetic ...
CONVERGENT EVOLUTION OF SEXUAL DIMORPHISM IN SKULL
... Evolutionary biologists have recognized the need for such synthesis for more than a century (e.g., Darwin 1859; Huxley 1942; Schmalhausen 1949; Gould 1977). Despite the rapid success of this integrated research program (Muller 2007; Carroll 2008), studies among closely related species and descriptio ...
... Evolutionary biologists have recognized the need for such synthesis for more than a century (e.g., Darwin 1859; Huxley 1942; Schmalhausen 1949; Gould 1977). Despite the rapid success of this integrated research program (Muller 2007; Carroll 2008), studies among closely related species and descriptio ...
TURING MACHINES AND EVOLUTION. A CRITIQUE OF GREGORY
... approximation to the actual process of biological evolution, Chaitin points to the second one. Scenarios a) and c) are rejected, but for different reasons. The first one does not convey evolutionary processes well enough, since creating a descendant with a higher fitness would last too long and would n ...
... approximation to the actual process of biological evolution, Chaitin points to the second one. Scenarios a) and c) are rejected, but for different reasons. The first one does not convey evolutionary processes well enough, since creating a descendant with a higher fitness would last too long and would n ...
CONVERGENT EVOLUTION OF SEXUAL DIMORPHISM IN SKULL
... Evolutionary biologists have recognized the need for such synthesis for more than a century (e.g., Darwin 1859; Huxley 1942; Schmalhausen 1949; Gould 1977). Despite the rapid success of this integrated research program (Muller 2007; Carroll 2008), studies among closely related species and descriptio ...
... Evolutionary biologists have recognized the need for such synthesis for more than a century (e.g., Darwin 1859; Huxley 1942; Schmalhausen 1949; Gould 1977). Despite the rapid success of this integrated research program (Muller 2007; Carroll 2008), studies among closely related species and descriptio ...
Darwinian Evolutionary Theory and Constructions of Race in Nazi
... scientific writings in history. While the influence of Darwinian evolutionary theory on historical events has been widely studied, no single work of scholarship has previously combined close reading of Origin’s representations of “race” with analysis of how those constructions of “racial” difference ...
... scientific writings in history. While the influence of Darwinian evolutionary theory on historical events has been widely studied, no single work of scholarship has previously combined close reading of Origin’s representations of “race” with analysis of how those constructions of “racial” difference ...
Descended from Darwin
... synthesis, Ernst Mayr, described the early twentieth century as rife with opposition to Darwinism. He pointed to the threat Darwinism posed to the argument from design, the lasting influence of essentialism, and the ambiguity of terms and phrases such as selection, species, and survival of the fitte ...
... synthesis, Ernst Mayr, described the early twentieth century as rife with opposition to Darwinism. He pointed to the threat Darwinism posed to the argument from design, the lasting influence of essentialism, and the ambiguity of terms and phrases such as selection, species, and survival of the fitte ...
Evolution - Free
... selection is the only known cause of adaptation but not Evolution is change in the heritable traits of biological the only known cause of evolution. Other, nonadaptive populations over successive generations.[1] Evolutionary causes of microevolution include mutation and genetic processes give rise t ...
... selection is the only known cause of adaptation but not Evolution is change in the heritable traits of biological the only known cause of evolution. Other, nonadaptive populations over successive generations.[1] Evolutionary causes of microevolution include mutation and genetic processes give rise t ...
Evolution leads to Kantian morality - Society for the Advancement of
... interact in pairs. Homo moralis then attaches some weight to his material self-interest but also to what is “the right thing to do if others would do what I do”. But in real life many interactions involve more than two persons. Can the methods and results for pairwise interactions be generalized, an ...
... interact in pairs. Homo moralis then attaches some weight to his material self-interest but also to what is “the right thing to do if others would do what I do”. But in real life many interactions involve more than two persons. Can the methods and results for pairwise interactions be generalized, an ...
Evolutionism : present approaches
... from the lowest life and an ape ancestry for man.” 14 Lamarck was one of the authors whose zoological works were in the Beagle’s library during Darwin’s voyage (1831-1836). 15 Jean Baptiste de Monet accepts a “spontaneous generation” in the case of lower life forms and an upward progression of organ ...
... from the lowest life and an ape ancestry for man.” 14 Lamarck was one of the authors whose zoological works were in the Beagle’s library during Darwin’s voyage (1831-1836). 15 Jean Baptiste de Monet accepts a “spontaneous generation” in the case of lower life forms and an upward progression of organ ...
Catholic Church and evolution
Since the publication of Charles Darwin's On the Origin of Species in 1859, the attitude of the Catholic Church on the theory of evolution has slowly been refined. Early contributions to the development of evolutionary theory were made by Catholic scientists such as Jean-Baptiste Lamarck and the Augustinian monk Gregor Mendel. For nearly a century, the papacy offered no authoritative pronouncement on Darwin's theories. In the 1950 encyclical Humani generis, Pope Pius XII confirmed that there is no intrinsic conflict between Christianity and the theory of evolution, provided that Christians believe that the individual soul is a direct creation by God and not the product of purely material forces. Today, the Church supports theistic evolution(ism), also known as evolutionary creation, although Catholics are free not to believe in any part of evolutionary theory.The Catholic Church holds no official position on the theory of creation or evolution, leaving the specifics of either theistic evolution or literal creationism to the individual within certain parameters established by the Church. According to the Catechism of the Catholic Church, any believer may accept either literal or special creation within the period of an actual six day, twenty-four hour period, or they may accept the belief that the earth evolved over time under the guidance of God. Catholicism holds that God initiated and continued the process of his evolutionary creation, that Adam and Eve were real people (the Church rejects polygenism) and affirms that all humans, whether specially created or evolved, have and have always had specially created souls for each individual.Catholic schools in the United States and other countries teach evolution as part of their science curriculum. They teach the fact that evolution occurs and the modern evolutionary synthesis, which is the scientific theory that explains how evolution proceeds. This is the same evolution curriculum that secular schools teach. Bishop Francis X. DiLorenzo of Richmond, chair of the Committee on Science and Human Values, wrote in a letter sent to all U.S. bishops in December 2004: ""... Catholic schools should continue teaching evolution as a scientific theory backed by convincing evidence. At the same time, Catholic parents whose children are in public schools should ensure that their children are also receiving appropriate catechesis at home and in the parish on God as Creator. Students should be able to leave their biology classes, and their courses in religious instruction, with an integrated understanding of the means God chose to make us who we are.""