PowerPoint
... The conventional wisdom runs up against a big problem when it comes to articulating the mechanism responsible for the alleged evolutionary pressure toward benign associations ...
... The conventional wisdom runs up against a big problem when it comes to articulating the mechanism responsible for the alleged evolutionary pressure toward benign associations ...
The role of hermaphrodites in the experimental evolution of
... With the estimated LMM intercepts for each replicate population we can estimate the genetic correlations among all the traits measured (n = 6; see Methods). We find that population-wide fitness had a negative genetic correlation with hermaphrodite mating success and a positive genetic correlation wi ...
... With the estimated LMM intercepts for each replicate population we can estimate the genetic correlations among all the traits measured (n = 6; see Methods). We find that population-wide fitness had a negative genetic correlation with hermaphrodite mating success and a positive genetic correlation wi ...
DOBZHANSKY ON EVOLUTIONARY DYNAMICS
... the] higher systematic categories [requires] some other factors than does the origin of the lower taxonomic units" (p. 91). Two pages later, he speculates, with Boveri, Conklin, and Loeb, and against Morgan, that "generic characters, like those of the first developmental stages of the egg, and also ...
... the] higher systematic categories [requires] some other factors than does the origin of the lower taxonomic units" (p. 91). Two pages later, he speculates, with Boveri, Conklin, and Loeb, and against Morgan, that "generic characters, like those of the first developmental stages of the egg, and also ...
Evolutionary Mismatch And What To Do About It: A Basic Tutorial
... years ago ({Barkow, 1992 #30}). Some genetic evolution has taken place during this period ({Cochran, 2009 #145}) and cultural change is itself an evolutionary process that adapts us to our environments ({Jablonka, 2006 #698}{Richerson, 2005 #407}). But cultural evolution also takes time, so cultural ...
... years ago ({Barkow, 1992 #30}). Some genetic evolution has taken place during this period ({Cochran, 2009 #145}) and cultural change is itself an evolutionary process that adapts us to our environments ({Jablonka, 2006 #698}{Richerson, 2005 #407}). But cultural evolution also takes time, so cultural ...
EVOLUTION EXPERIMENTS WITH MICROORGANISMS: THE DYNAMICS AND GENETIC BASES OF ADAPTATION
... of the evolutionary process and the extent of evolutionary change. Importantly, adaptation can be quantified by measuring changes in FITNESS in the experimental environment, in which fitness reflects the propensity to leave descendants12,13. With microorganisms, fitness can be measured using head-to ...
... of the evolutionary process and the extent of evolutionary change. Importantly, adaptation can be quantified by measuring changes in FITNESS in the experimental environment, in which fitness reflects the propensity to leave descendants12,13. With microorganisms, fitness can be measured using head-to ...
The Evolutionary Origin of the Vertebrate Body Plan: The Problem of
... The Head as an Archetype The question of how we can formulate and explain the vertebrate body has been a central topic of comparative zoology since the late eighteenth century, when the Romantic movement and German idealism were influential (Table 1). Immanuel Kant, a philosopher in German idealism, ...
... The Head as an Archetype The question of how we can formulate and explain the vertebrate body has been a central topic of comparative zoology since the late eighteenth century, when the Romantic movement and German idealism were influential (Table 1). Immanuel Kant, a philosopher in German idealism, ...
use of an explicit method for distinguishing exaptations from
... ABSTRACT – We applied a cladogram-based method for discerning between adaptations and exaptations. We used current definitions and recognition criteria to distinguish between the evolutionary terms adaptation and exaptation. Our cladogram identifies 14 specific exaptations for the conquest of land b ...
... ABSTRACT – We applied a cladogram-based method for discerning between adaptations and exaptations. We used current definitions and recognition criteria to distinguish between the evolutionary terms adaptation and exaptation. Our cladogram identifies 14 specific exaptations for the conquest of land b ...
Evaluating Evidence of Psychological Adaptation
... empirically test the hypothesized relations among the concepts. If the relations map onto the theoretical expectations, the construct is considered valid. Establishing construct validity is normally an ongoing process; construct validity is never fully established with a single set of observations o ...
... empirically test the hypothesized relations among the concepts. If the relations map onto the theoretical expectations, the construct is considered valid. Establishing construct validity is normally an ongoing process; construct validity is never fully established with a single set of observations o ...
Different Evolutionary Paths to Complexity for Small and
... mechanisms in shaping the evolution of complexity is still a matter of contention among evolutionary biologists [1–6]. In molecular evolution, the role of non-adaptive evolutionary processes such as genetic drift and genetic draft are well-established [7–9]. Theoretical population-genetic principles ...
... mechanisms in shaping the evolution of complexity is still a matter of contention among evolutionary biologists [1–6]. In molecular evolution, the role of non-adaptive evolutionary processes such as genetic drift and genetic draft are well-established [7–9]. Theoretical population-genetic principles ...
Niche construction theory - synergy
... as ‘reciprocally caused’ (Laland and Sterelny, 2006), with organisms viewed as co-directing their own evolution. To quote Levins and Lewontin (1985, p. 106): “The organism influences its own evolution, by being both the object of natural selection and the creator of the conditions of that selection”. ...
... as ‘reciprocally caused’ (Laland and Sterelny, 2006), with organisms viewed as co-directing their own evolution. To quote Levins and Lewontin (1985, p. 106): “The organism influences its own evolution, by being both the object of natural selection and the creator of the conditions of that selection”. ...
The Paleobiological Revolution
... of organisms which it studies, the evolutionary methods suggested by geneticists and evolutionists shall not contradict its data.”8 In other words, paleontologists should be content with the role assigned them ever since Darwin—to document and verify historical confirmation of the processes biologis ...
... of organisms which it studies, the evolutionary methods suggested by geneticists and evolutionists shall not contradict its data.”8 In other words, paleontologists should be content with the role assigned them ever since Darwin—to document and verify historical confirmation of the processes biologis ...
Margulis L - Jason G. Goldman
... direct challenge to what she called the “ultra-Darwinian orthodoxy,” was rejected by no fewer than fifteen academic journals before being ultimately accepted into The Journal of Theoretical Biology in 1967. Traditional Darwinian thought underlines the role of competition in pushing evolution forward. ...
... direct challenge to what she called the “ultra-Darwinian orthodoxy,” was rejected by no fewer than fifteen academic journals before being ultimately accepted into The Journal of Theoretical Biology in 1967. Traditional Darwinian thought underlines the role of competition in pushing evolution forward. ...
Evolution by Jumps: Francis Galton and William Bateson
... was this: If a variant is likened to a few drops of black paint stirred into a bucket of white paint, the variant will vanish. Hence, Darwin hypothesized that the variants upon which natural selection acted must be particulate, and he called these particles “gemmules.” To account for reversion, the ...
... was this: If a variant is likened to a few drops of black paint stirred into a bucket of white paint, the variant will vanish. Hence, Darwin hypothesized that the variants upon which natural selection acted must be particulate, and he called these particles “gemmules.” To account for reversion, the ...
modelling the ecological context of evolutionary change
... function (Maynard Smith 1978, Parker & Maynard Smith 1990). Optimality thinking and modelling has a long history in evolutionary biology, but the introduction of game-theoretic thinking and modelling to evolutionary biology took this approach to an entirely new level. Optimization models assume that ...
... function (Maynard Smith 1978, Parker & Maynard Smith 1990). Optimality thinking and modelling has a long history in evolutionary biology, but the introduction of game-theoretic thinking and modelling to evolutionary biology took this approach to an entirely new level. Optimization models assume that ...
Thorstein Veblen`s Economics and Darwinian Evolutionary Social
... theory, with its peculiar synthesis of biological and cultural accounts, stood in fact outside and independent of this battle. But still, this state of affairs in the social sciences community in the first half of the 20th century, when Veblen was active as a writer and theorist, did not create a ve ...
... theory, with its peculiar synthesis of biological and cultural accounts, stood in fact outside and independent of this battle. But still, this state of affairs in the social sciences community in the first half of the 20th century, when Veblen was active as a writer and theorist, did not create a ve ...
as a PDF
... constraint could also play a role in shaping, biasing and channeling the observed patterns of phenotypic divergence, even in such dramatic examples as the Galapagos finches (Grant, 2003), cichlid fishes in African lakes (Fryer and Iles, 1972), and the hummingbird-Heliconia system (Temeles and Kress, ...
... constraint could also play a role in shaping, biasing and channeling the observed patterns of phenotypic divergence, even in such dramatic examples as the Galapagos finches (Grant, 2003), cichlid fishes in African lakes (Fryer and Iles, 1972), and the hummingbird-Heliconia system (Temeles and Kress, ...
- Philsci-Archive
... By setting this agenda I by no means pretend this review to be neutral “view from nowhere.” To the contrary, much of the following analyses will be based and developed upon the causal graph approach to evolutionary models I defended elsewhere (Otsuka, in press). The choice of this particular framewo ...
... By setting this agenda I by no means pretend this review to be neutral “view from nowhere.” To the contrary, much of the following analyses will be based and developed upon the causal graph approach to evolutionary models I defended elsewhere (Otsuka, in press). The choice of this particular framewo ...
Ecology, Evolution, and Aesthetics
... Ecology, on this view, studies the functional relationships that constitute ecosystems. Thus, on Alexander von Humboldt’s view, ecologists must study the ‘harmony’ or ‘balance’ that give natural systems their ‘unity’, and, as one ecosystem may be embedded within another, it is possible to apply this ...
... Ecology, on this view, studies the functional relationships that constitute ecosystems. Thus, on Alexander von Humboldt’s view, ecologists must study the ‘harmony’ or ‘balance’ that give natural systems their ‘unity’, and, as one ecosystem may be embedded within another, it is possible to apply this ...
Experimental elimination of parasites in nature
... standardized water quality and temperature (268C). Filters prevented movement of parasites between tanks. Females rather than males were used for this study because: (i) females have a broader range of peak Gyrodactylus loads [19] that allows better detection of statistical differences, (ii) inferen ...
... standardized water quality and temperature (268C). Filters prevented movement of parasites between tanks. Females rather than males were used for this study because: (i) females have a broader range of peak Gyrodactylus loads [19] that allows better detection of statistical differences, (ii) inferen ...
Natural Selection
... understanding from their peers. Learners often have good ideas of natural selection and evolution but describe it in the wrong way. Learners may state ‘giraffes have grown longer necks so they can reach the tops of trees’, ‘polar bears have turned white so they are camouflaged’ or ‘animals evolve so ...
... understanding from their peers. Learners often have good ideas of natural selection and evolution but describe it in the wrong way. Learners may state ‘giraffes have grown longer necks so they can reach the tops of trees’, ‘polar bears have turned white so they are camouflaged’ or ‘animals evolve so ...
evolution of increased resistance in hosts Experimental
... standardized water quality and temperature (268C). Filters prevented movement of parasites between tanks. Females rather than males were used for this study because: (i) females have a broader range of peak Gyrodactylus loads [19] that allows better detection of statistical differences, (ii) inferen ...
... standardized water quality and temperature (268C). Filters prevented movement of parasites between tanks. Females rather than males were used for this study because: (i) females have a broader range of peak Gyrodactylus loads [19] that allows better detection of statistical differences, (ii) inferen ...
A722: Seminar in Biological Anthropology – 7 September 2016 pg. 1
... which new traits are created by striving towards Freeman, Dereck.1974. The evolutionary theories of ...
... which new traits are created by striving towards Freeman, Dereck.1974. The evolutionary theories of ...
Abstract The platypus is one of Earth`s most perplexing
... actually an evolutionary adaptation that has given them their own unique niche and allowed their survival. The monotremes who were able to live in the water are the ones who survived and gave rise to the modern platypus and terrestrial echidna, which evolved from the aquatic platypus (Phillips et al ...
... actually an evolutionary adaptation that has given them their own unique niche and allowed their survival. The monotremes who were able to live in the water are the ones who survived and gave rise to the modern platypus and terrestrial echidna, which evolved from the aquatic platypus (Phillips et al ...
Schultz 10e IMTB Chapter 06
... material from Darwin’s autobiography in which he provides an opportunity to observe how he saw himself—and from this reading he seems modest and gracious. Shortly after Darwin published his theory of evolution, Francis Galton, his cousin, was captivated by the biological and social implications of t ...
... material from Darwin’s autobiography in which he provides an opportunity to observe how he saw himself—and from this reading he seems modest and gracious. Shortly after Darwin published his theory of evolution, Francis Galton, his cousin, was captivated by the biological and social implications of t ...
Pre´cis of Evolution in Four Dimensions
... systems, how variability is generated, and what types of competitive interactions are important, all had to be qualified. Evolutionary biology since Darwin can be seen as the history of the qualification of these processes. As the quotation from the Origin makes clear, Darwin included “use and disus ...
... systems, how variability is generated, and what types of competitive interactions are important, all had to be qualified. Evolutionary biology since Darwin can be seen as the history of the qualification of these processes. As the quotation from the Origin makes clear, Darwin included “use and disus ...
Catholic Church and evolution
Since the publication of Charles Darwin's On the Origin of Species in 1859, the attitude of the Catholic Church on the theory of evolution has slowly been refined. Early contributions to the development of evolutionary theory were made by Catholic scientists such as Jean-Baptiste Lamarck and the Augustinian monk Gregor Mendel. For nearly a century, the papacy offered no authoritative pronouncement on Darwin's theories. In the 1950 encyclical Humani generis, Pope Pius XII confirmed that there is no intrinsic conflict between Christianity and the theory of evolution, provided that Christians believe that the individual soul is a direct creation by God and not the product of purely material forces. Today, the Church supports theistic evolution(ism), also known as evolutionary creation, although Catholics are free not to believe in any part of evolutionary theory.The Catholic Church holds no official position on the theory of creation or evolution, leaving the specifics of either theistic evolution or literal creationism to the individual within certain parameters established by the Church. According to the Catechism of the Catholic Church, any believer may accept either literal or special creation within the period of an actual six day, twenty-four hour period, or they may accept the belief that the earth evolved over time under the guidance of God. Catholicism holds that God initiated and continued the process of his evolutionary creation, that Adam and Eve were real people (the Church rejects polygenism) and affirms that all humans, whether specially created or evolved, have and have always had specially created souls for each individual.Catholic schools in the United States and other countries teach evolution as part of their science curriculum. They teach the fact that evolution occurs and the modern evolutionary synthesis, which is the scientific theory that explains how evolution proceeds. This is the same evolution curriculum that secular schools teach. Bishop Francis X. DiLorenzo of Richmond, chair of the Committee on Science and Human Values, wrote in a letter sent to all U.S. bishops in December 2004: ""... Catholic schools should continue teaching evolution as a scientific theory backed by convincing evidence. At the same time, Catholic parents whose children are in public schools should ensure that their children are also receiving appropriate catechesis at home and in the parish on God as Creator. Students should be able to leave their biology classes, and their courses in religious instruction, with an integrated understanding of the means God chose to make us who we are.""