Download Evolution Reading Guide

The following is a review of the Evolution/Natural Selection. You should use
complete sentences and answer on a separate sheet of paper.
Some key terms:
Darwin’ Observation’s
 What were the two patterns of Diversity Darwin observed that he questioned?
 What two questions did Darwin have about the link between living organisms and
fossils?
 Explain how the tortoises on the Galapagos Islands differ and why
( see figure 15-3)
Ancient, Changing Earth
 What did Hutton and Lyell write that influenced Darwin’s understanding of the
earth?
 In what three ways was Lamark an early predecessor to Darwin?
 What were the four parts of Lamarks hypothesis?
Artificial Selection: Define the meaning of artificial selection. Explain what
figure
15-10 illustrates.
Natural Selection:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
What is meant by the struggle for existence?
What is an Adaptation?
What are some examples of Structural Adaptations?
What is mimicry? Give at least two examples.
Camouflage?
What are physiological adaptations? What are three types of organisms that humans
have observed develop this type of adaptation and what has been observed?
7. Survival of the fittest?
8. What is meant by Descent with Modifications and common descent?
What is the evidence of Evolution?
9. Fossils: Describe what they can tell us and their limitations.
10. Anatomy: What is meant by the term Homologous structures?
11. What is meant by analogous structures?
12. What is a Vestigial structure?
13. What is the definition of an Embryo?
14. Why are embryos considered evidence in support of evolution?
15. What is the biochemical evidence for evolution and how is it used?
Chapter 16: What are the mechanisms for evolution of Populations?
How Common is Genetic Variation?
16. Where does the variation come from?
Variation And Gene Pools
17. Come to terms: Define what these words mean.
a) Gene Pool:
b) Relative frequency:
18. How is evolution defined in genetic terms?
19. How common is genetic variation?
20. How is variation and gene pool linked?
Sources Of Genetic Variation:
21. What are the two main types of genetic variation?
22. What is a mutation?
23. What are some environmental factors that could cause mutations?
24. What are lethal mutations and what is there effect on a population?
25. What is mean by Gene Shuffling and what are the two main ways that
is occurs?
Single-Gene and Polygenic Traits
26.What determines the number of phenotypes produced for a given trait? Show a
graph of each:
c) Single-gene trait
b) polygenic trait:
c) Genetic Equilibrium
What are the mechanisms, which may cause changes in Genetic Equilibrium?
Answer the following:
27. Describe genetic drift
28. What is gene flow?
29. Where are the affects of the above three mechanisms most likely to have a great
affect?
30. What are the three types of natural selection that act on the frequency of genes in
a population?
31. How does natural selection happen to single-gene traits and what does it lead to?
Site an example
32. Show, using graphs, the three ways that natural selection affects the distribution
of phenotypes. Give an example of each and describe how it works:
33. Describe two ways the gene frequency can change in a population.
34. What are the conditions set-forth in the Hardy-Weinberg principle that must be
met in order for a population not to be undergoing evolution?
35. What is the meaning of the following terms?
 Genetic drift
 Founder effect
 Genetic equilibrium
The Process Of Speciation : How do new Species Evolve?
36. Speciation
37. What is Reproductive Isolation? What are the three ways it can develop?
38. What is Behavioral Isolation?
39. What is Geographic Isolation?
40. What is Temporal Isolation?
41. How do different species evolve in the same area?
42. How does this type of mistake occur?
Define and give examples of the following Patterns of Evolution:
43. Patterns of Evolution
Describe the following patterns of Evolution:
 Macroevolution
 Adaptive radiation
 Convergent evolution
 Punctuated equilibrium
 gradualism