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APUSH Unit VI: The Civil War & Reconstruction
1. What caused Confederate forces to fire on Fort Sumter?
Lincoln provisioning (supplying) the Union troops inside
2. Name the four Border States. Why were they so important?
Maryland, Delaware, Kentucky, and Missouri; their contributions to the war effort
(men, materials, production), threat of Washington being surrounded with their
secession, and the fact Lincoln delayed anti-slavery measures to keep them in the
Union as a result
3. What were the advantages of the Union?
Industrial production, better railroad system, larger population, constant flow of
immigrants, established government/military, superior navy
4. What were the advantages of the Confederacy?
Fighting a defensive war (winning = outlasting the North), higher morale (fighting
for its way of life), better military officers, interior supply lines
5. What were the disadvantages of each side?
North – Invading/conquering the South necessary to win (unfamiliar territory), the
unpopularity of the war, need to keep the Border States from seceding, the lack of
foreign support, poorly trained soldiers/officers
South – Lack of railroads or industrial economy, dependence on foreign supply of
weapons, cash crop economy, vulnerability to blockade by the North, having a
smaller population as well as military force, weak central government
6. What strategy did the Confederacy use to try to win the war?
7. What effect did the Civil War have on the northern economy? The southern economy?
The northern economy boomed as a result of the war effort, while the southern
economy suffered heavy inflation, loss of exports/profits of/from cotton, and went
down the tubes.
8. What group in the North was most violently dangerous to the Union cause? Who was
their leader?
9. How did Lincoln “persuade” the Border States to stay in the Union?
10. What groups of people joined together to create the Union party?
11. Which President acted more autocratically – Jefferson Davis or Lincoln? Explain.
12. What effect did the Emancipation Proclamation have?
It freed zero slaves; its purpose (and effect) was to elevate the moral cause of the
Union, preventing the British and French from allying with the South.
13. What did the “victory” at the Battle of Antietam allow Lincoln to do?
It gave Lincoln the circumstances to issue the Emancipation Proclamation.
14. In what ways did African Americans contribute to both the Union and Confederacy?
15. Why did the South believe the British would come to their aid?
Because of “cotton diplomacy,” and the fact the Union blockade would cut off the
South’s cotton used in British textile mills.
16. Why did King Cotton fail as a tool of wartime diplomacy?
The Emancipation Proclamation made the Civil War one against slavery, a war the
British were unwilling to enter to support the South. (The British also had a
surplus of Southern cotton from the prewar production boom, and found alternate
sources of cotton in Egypt and India.)
17. How did the Five Civilized Tribes in the Indian Territory participate in the war?
18. What were the 2 major battles fought on Union soil?
19. Describe the initial freedom for African Americans after the war.
20. In what area did the Freedmen’s Bureau contribute the most?
Education of freed blacks
21. Describe the Ten-Percent Plan.
22. What effect did the assassination of Lincoln have on the United States?
23. Describe Johnson’s plan for Reconstruction.
Thirteenth Amendment, pardoning of Confederate leaders YET supporting their
disenfranchisement, lenient readmission of the Southern states with little if any
punishment
24. What happened to the Confederate leaders after the war?
25. What role did black codes play in Reconstruction?
Replaced the slave codes of antebellum Southern society, as the South’s reaction
to emancipation, preventing the freed blacks from truly rising out of slavery
26. What did President Andrew Johnson think of the Freedmen’s Bureau?
27. What were the 13th, 14th, and 15th amendments?
13th – abolition, 14th – civil rights, 15th – suffrage
28. Describe the Congressional plan (a.k.a. the Reconstruction Acts).
All of the Reconstruction amendments, military occupation of the South, dealing
harshly with former Confederates and denying them any future involvement in the
government or politics, land distribution (“40 acres and a mule”) and education
for freed blacks (through the Freedman’s Bureau)
29. What was the first Confederate state to re-join the Union?
30. What were the causes and consequences of Johnson’s impeachment?
31. To what extent did the Republican Party hold the support of southern whites? Southern
blacks?
32. How successful did Radical Reconstruction prove in the areas of education and land
redistribution?
It led to a lasting public school system in the South, yet it failed to prevent their
segregation. Land reform failed completely, as freed slaves ended up working for
their former masters and became sharecroppers, caught in a cycle of debt and
poverty.
33. What role did the KKK play in the postwar south? How did Congress respond?
34. Why did Radical Reconstruction finally end in the South?
The Republicans agreed to compromise in 1877 to keep the White House after the
controversial election of 1876. The Democrats/South demanded the removal of
the last federal troops from the South, thus ending Reconstruction.