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MUSCLE NAMES &
MOVEMENT
October 27, 2016
Rules of Muscle Movement
1. All muscles have at least two points of attachment.
• The origin is attached to the less movable bone
• The insertion is attached to the more moveable bone.
2. Muscles can only contract / pull. They cannot push.
3. During contraction, the muscle insertion moves toward
the origin.
If muscles can’t push, how do
we do the opposite
movement?
How do we extend the arm?
interactive animation!
Rules of Muscle Movement
1. All muscles have at least two points of attachment.
• The origin is attached to the less movable bone
• The insertion is attached to the more moveable bone.
2. Muscles can only contract / pull. They cannot push.
3. During contraction, the muscle insertion moves toward
the origin.
Different muscles – called
antagonists – do the opposite
movement.
Example: biceps flexes the elbow
while the triceps extends the
muscle.
interactive animation!
Movements
• Flexion – a movement that decreases
the angle between two bones,
bringing them closer together.
• Extension – a movement that
increases the angle between two
bones, putting them farther apart.
• Hyperextension – extension of a joint
beyond its normal range of motion
Movements
• abduction – movement of a limb away from the midline
of the body.
• adduction – movement of a limb towards the midline of
the body
Movements
• rotation – movement of a bone
raround its longitudinal axis
• circumduction – the proximal end of a
limb is stationary while the distal end
moves in a circle
Movements of the foot
• dorsiflexion – lifting the foot so
that its superior surface
approaches the shin
• plantar flexion – pointing the toes
• inversion – turning sole medially
• eversion – turning sole laterally
Movements of radius and ulna
• supination – turning the palm so that it faces anteriorly
mnemonic: cupping a bowl of soup in your palm
• pronation– turning the palm so that it faces posteriorly
Movements
Get bonus points
for (correct) unique
responses!
Contest time!
Work with a partner to come up with as many ways to do
each of the following movements as possible:
• Flexion
• Extension
• Hyperextension
• Abduction
• Adduction
• circumduction
Types of Muscles
Name
Definition
Example
Prime Mover
Muscle that has major
responsibility for a certain
motion
Brachialis is prime mover for
elbow flexion
Antagonist
Muscle that reverses/opposes a
motion
Triceps is the antagonist for
elbow flexion
Synergist
Muscles that assist movement
by also producing the motion or
stabilizing joints and reducing
unwanted movements
Biceps brachii and
brachioradialis are synergists
for elbow flexion
Fixator
A type of synergist that stabilizes Rotator cuff muscles are
the origin of the prime mover, so fixators of elbow flexion
that only the insertion moves
Note: Muscles often have different roles for different
motions. For example, a prime mover for one motion is
usually the antagonist for the opposite motion.
Muscles of the anterior face and neck
Name
Location
Action(s)
Masseter
Superficial cheek muscle
Close jaw
Orbicularis oculi
Around eye
Closes eye
Orbicularis oris
Around mouth
Purses lips (kisses)
Sternocleidomastoid
Mastoid process of temporal
bone to sternum & clavicle
Flexes neck & rotates
head
Temporalis
Over temporal bone
Close jaw
No muscle diagrams this year!!
But you need to know general
location and actions …
Muscles of respiration
Name
Location
Action(s)
diaphragm
Dome-shaped muscle
between thoracic and
abdominal cavities
Major muscle for breathing –
contraction increases size of thoracic
cavity for inspiration; relaxation
decreases size of thoracic cavity for
expiration
external
intercostals
Under ribcage
Elevates ribs to increase size of
thoracic cavity for inspiration
internal
intercostals
Deep to external
intercostals, under
ribcage
Depresses ribs for forced expiration
Muscles of abdominal wall
Name
Location
Action(s)
Obliques (internal and Diagonal (oblique) fibers
Flexes, laterally flexes,
external)
crossing from sides to center or rotates vertebral
of abdomen
column
Rectus abdominus
Straight up and down
Flexes vertebral column
(rectus)in middle of abdomen
Muscles that move the humerus
Name
Location
Action(s)
Latissimus dorsi Mid back (wrapping
around to humerus)
Prime mover of humerus extension
(swimmer’s muscle), also adducts, &
medially rotates arm
Pectoralis major chest
Primer mover of humerus flexion humerus,
also adducts and medially rotates arm
Triceps brachii
Posterior of humerus
Extends & adducts humerus
Biceps brachii
Anterior of humerus
Flexes humerus
Rotator cuffs
Secure humerus to
glenoid cavity
Stabilize joint, rotates, abducts, adducts
Muscles that move the forearm
Name
Location
Action(s)
Brachialis
Anterior and lateral
Prime mover of forearm
to humerus, posterior
to biceps brachii
Biceps brachii
Anterior to humerus
Primer mover of humerus flexion humerus,
also adducts and medially rotates arm
Triceps brachii
Posterior to humerus
Extends & adducts humerus
Muscles that move the thigh
Name
Location
Action(s)
Gluteus
maximus
Buttocks
Prime mover of thigh extension, also lateral
rotation
Iliopsoas
Anterior hip and thigh Prime mover of thigh flexion
Muscles that move the lower leg
Name
Location
Action(s)
Quadriceps
Anterior thigh,
superior to knee
Extends lower leg and flexes thigh
hamstrings
Posterior thigh,
superior to knee
Flexes leg and extends thigh
Practice
On your note card, write the name of 3 muscles and their
actions. Quiz each other on the muscle names and
movements in the “congo line”. If your partner can’t guess
the movement, act it out for them.
Closure
• What were our objectives, and what did you learn about
them.
• How does what we did today address our statement of
Inquiry, TOK connection, or Learner profile trait?