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Genetics
Multiple Choice (Each +2 points)
Write the letter that best answers the question or
completes the statement on the line provided.
_____ 5. In humans, a female has
a. one X chromosome only.
b. two X chromosomes.
c. one X chromosome and one Y
chromosome.
d. two Y chromosomes.
_____ 1. The principle of dominance states that
a. all alleles are dominant.
b. all alleles are recessive.
c. some alleles are dominant and others
are recessive.
d. alleles are neither dominant nor
_____ 6. What principle states that during gamete
formation genes for different traits
separate without influencing each other’s
inheritance?
a. principle of dominance
b. principle of independent assortment
c. principle of probabilities
d. principle of segregation
recessive.
_____ 2. What statement about crossing-over is
true?
a. The genetic variability of the off spring
is reduced.
b. It occurs during meiosis.
c. Genes located far apart on a
chromosome are less likely to be
separated.
_____ 7. If an organism’s diploid number is 12, its
haploid number is
a. 12.
c. 24.
b. 6.
d. 3.
d. It occurs between chromosomes that
are NOT homologous.
.
_____ 8. What is the probability that a heterozygous
tall pea plant will produce a gamete with
the allele for tallness?
a. 75 percent
b. 50 percent
c. 25 percent
_____ 3. What is the product of translation?
a. double-stranded DNA molecules
b. single-stranded DNA molecules.
c. single-stranded RNA molecules.
d. proteins.
d. 0 percent
_____ 4. The principles of probability can be used
to
a. predict the traits of the off spring of
genetic crosses.
b. determine the actual outcomes of
genetic crosses.
c. determine which species should be
used in genetic crosses.
d. decide which organisms are best to use
in genetic crosses.
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_____ 9. Gametes are produced by the process of
a. mitosis.
c. meiosis.
b. crossing-over. d. replication.
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Genetics
_____ 10. A gene map shows
a. how cross-over occurs.
b. the number of possible alleles for a
gene.
c. the segregation of traits.
d. the relative locations of genes on a
chromosome.
_____ 13. Which of the following is NOT a part of
the DNA molecule?
a. deoxyribose sugar
b. phosphate group
c. thymine
d. uracil
_____ 14. DNA is copied in a process called
a. replication.
b. transcription.
c. translation.
d. transformation.
_____ 15. What is the product of transcription?
a. double-stranded DNA molecules
b. single-stranded DNA molecules
c. single-stranded RNA molecules
d. proteins
Multiple Choice (Each +2 points)
Write the letter that best answers the question or
completes the statement on the line provided.
_____ 11. Unlike mitosis, meiosis results in the
formation of
a. haploid cells.
b. identical cells.
c. diploid cells.
d. body cells.
16. In eukaryotes, DNA
a. is located in the nucleus.
b. floats freely in the cytoplasm.
c. is located in the ribosomes.
d. is circular.
_____ 17. When Mendel crossed true-breeding tall
pea plants with true-breeding short pea
plants, all the offspring were tall because
a. the allele for tall plants is recessive.
b. the allele for short plants is
dominant.
c. the allele for tall plants is dominant.
d. they were true-breeding like their
parents
Figure 11–1
______ 12. What is shown in Figure 11–1?
a. independent assortment
c. crossing-over
b. anaphase I of meiosis
d. replication
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.
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Hueston 2016
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Genetics
_____ 22. A frameshift mutation
a. changes the chromosome number.
b. includes the loss of part of a
chromosome.
c. shifts the reading frame of the gene.
d. does not change the genetic material.
18. In Figure 12–2, what is adding base pairs to
the strand?
a. histones
c. DNA polymerase
b. nucleosome
d. chromatin
_____ 23. What is the probability that a normal
human egg cell will have an X chromosome?
a. 100 percent
c. 25 percent
b. 50 percent
d. 0 percent
Figure 12–2
_____ 19. The cross between a red flower and a white
flower produces all pink flowers. This type
of inheritance is known as
a. incomplete dominance.
b. polygenic inheritance.
c. codominance.
d. simple dominance.
20. DNA replication results in two DNA
molecules,
a. each with two new strands.
b. one with two new strands and the other
with two original strands.
c. each with one new strand and one
original strand.
d. each with two original strands.
_____ 21. Which of the following could make up
one nucleotide found in DNA?
You are almost done
with your unit test 
a. adenine + phosphate group + thymine
b. cytosine + phosphate group + guanine
c. deoxyribose + phosphate group + uracil
d. deoxyribose + phosphate group + cytosine
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Genetics
PART II – WRITTEN SECTION
Short Answer (Each +2 points)
In complete sentences, write the answers to the questions on the lines provided.
Figure 13–1
24. What is molecule B in Figure 13–1, and what is its function?
25. What are the three main parts of an RNA nucleotide?
26. What must happen to a DNA molecule before nucleotides can begin to be assembled into a new
RNA strand?
27. What is the central dogma of molecular biology?
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Genetics
Using Science Skills (Each +2 points)
Use the diagram below to answer the following questions on the lines provided.
Figure 13–2
28. Classify What term describes the general type of mutation occurring in A, B, C, and D in Figure 13–2?
29. Interpret Visuals During which process in Figure 13–2 does a segment of a chromosome become oriented in
the reverse direction?
30. Interpret Visuals In Figure 13–2, which process is a translocation and why?
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BONUS QUESTION (POSSIBLE +5 POINTS)
Directions:
1. Use the DNA code to create
your mRNA code.
2. Use the mRNA code to create
your tRNA code.
3. Use the mRNA code and the
Genetic Code to determine your
amino acid.
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