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Copyright Notice! This PowerPoint slide set is copyrighted by Ross Koning and is thereby preserved for all to use from plantphys.info for as long as that website is available. Images lacking photo credits are mine and, as long as you are engaged in non-profit educational missions, you have my permission to use my images and slides in your teaching. However, please notice that some of the images in these slides have an associated URL photo credit to provide you with the location of their original source within internet cyberspace. Those images may have separate copyright protection. If you are seeking permission for use of those images, you need to consult the original sources for such permission; they are NOT mine to give you permission. amylase acidic portion bile (emulsifier) bacterial culture unknown pepsin, HCl trypsin, amylase, H2CO3 (alk), lipase water reabsorption subunit absorption waste holding, elimination alkaline portion ©1996 Norton Presentation Maker, W. W. Norton & Company The human digestive system: circular muscles for peristalsis ©1996 Norton Presentation Maker, W. W. Norton & Company An intestinal cross section reveals the increased surface area: villi ©1996 Norton Presentation Maker, W. W. Norton & Company To increase the surface area of the absorptive regions of the intestine, the lining is corrugated and lined with villi sugars, amino acids, nucleotides Notice how the villus is coated with microvilli…for more area! ©1996 Norton Presentation Maker, W. W. Norton & Company The villi of the intestine have good blood supply for nutrient uptake microvilli villus ©1996 Norton Presentation Maker, W. W. Norton & Company Here you can see the microvilli from a single villus Digestion of polysaccharides amylase glu Starch amylase glu Glucose Glucose -1,4 glycosidic bond glu amylase glu Maltose maltase glu glu Maltose maltase Glucose Glucose Glucose Glucose Glucose Glucose These monosaccharides are ready for absorption from the digestive system. Proteins are polymers of some 22 different amino acids Enzymes cleave the peptide bond during… Protein digestion in mammals: Stomach pepsin amino end His Glu Tyr pepsin recognize phenolic AA, cleave amino side Thr Lys His Glu Ser Arg Asp Trp Thr Phe carboxyl end recognize phenolic AA, cleave carboxyl side Pancreas chymotrypsin trypsin recognize basic AA, trypsin chymotrypsin cleave carboxyl side His Glu Tyr Thr Lys His Glu Ser Arg Asp Trp Thr Phe Thr Phe cleave AA from amino end cleave AA from carboxyl end terminal AA removers His Glu aminopeptidase carboxypeptidase Tyr Thr Lys His Glu Ser Arg Asp Trp dipeptide splitter recognize dipeptide, cleave peptide bond dipeptidase dipeptidase dipeptidase dipeptidase His Glu Tyr Thr Lys His Glu Ser Arg Asp Trp Thr Phe His Glu Tyr Thr Lys His Glu Ser Arg Asp Trp Thr Phe Individual Amino Acids For Absorption in Small Intestine How do you make digestive enzymes without digesting yourself? Chymotrypsinogen conversion into chymotrypsin Finished chymotrypsin with active site Activation by acidic recognizing Tyr, Trp and Phe pepsin cleavage ©1996 Norton Presentation Maker, W. W. Norton & Company Chymotrypsinogen from pancreas is inactive Summary of macromolecule digestion into subunits Polysaccharides Disaccharides Monosaccharides starch (amylose) salivary amylase pancreatic amylase Proteins maltose sucrose lactose Peptides Endopeptidases: stomach pepsin pancreatic trypsin pancreatic chymotrypsin intestinal maltase sucrase lactase gluose frucose galactose Amino Acids Exopeptidases: pancreatic intestinal monoglycerides Fats (triglycerides) Emulsified fats pancreatic lipase fatty acids liver bile glycerol
