Download Benchmark #2 Study Guide

County Benchmark Exam #2:
Cells, Organelles, Body Systems, and Mitosis
Cells










What is the difference between eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells? Which organelles are
present in each?
What organelles found in plant cells only and animal cells only?
Describe the shape/structure of plant cells vs. animal cells.
What is the function of the cell wall and the main structural component of the cell wall?
Describe the structure of the cell membrane.
Explain the role of each of the following organelles in cells:
o role of mitochondria
o role of ribosomes
o role of chloroplasts
o role of vacuoles
o role of nucleus/location of chromosomes (DNA)
What is the difference between chloroplasts and mitochondria?
Compare and contrast photosynthesis and cellular respiration. What does each process need
to take place and what does each process produce? How are these two processes related?
Why are they important to living organisms?
What is the difference between the following organelles for movement: cilia, flagella,
pseudopodia?
Explain why cells need to maintain homeostasis (in regards to pH, temperature, water,
materials, etc.).
Body Systems




Explain the basic parts, functions and importance of the following body systems: endocrine,
excretory, circulatory, respiratory, digestive.
How does the circulatory, respiratory, and digestive system work together to aid in cellular
respiration?
How does the excretory system help maintain homeostasis?
How is the vascular system of a plant similar to the circulatory system in humans?
Mitosis






What is the cell cycle?
What occurs during interphase?
Explain the purpose of mitosis- why is mitosis important to living organisms?
List the four phases of mitosis and explain what occurs in each phase.
What is cytokinesis?
Compare parent and daughter cells before and after mitosis (discuss chromosome #s)

Define cancer and explain how it relates to mitosis

Define asexual reproduction
o Explain the process of budding
o Identify organisms that use budding to reproduce
o Explain the process of binary fission
o Identify organisms that use binary fission to reproduce