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Hinduism and Buddhism Develop Hinduism Evolves over Centuries • Hinduism is a collection of religious beliefs that developed • Not one founder with one set of ideals. • Hindus share a common belief that religion is a way of liberating the soul from the disappointments, and mistakes of everyday existence • The achievement of separation from these desires and suffering Hinduism Evolves over Centuries • When a person understands the relationship between atman (their soul) and Brahman (world soul), then they achieve perfect understanding and release from this world. • This understanding does not come usually in one lifetime – reincarnation in necessary. A soul’s karma, or good and bad deeds, follows it from reincarnation to another. • The karma influences life circumstances, such as caste, etc. • Dharma is the religious and moral duties an individual must have. Hinduism and Society • Hindu ideas about karma and reincarnation strengthened the caste system – if someone was born as an upper-class male, it was said that he had good karma, or fortune. If he was born lower-class, it was said that he deserved it because of past misdeeds. The Buddha Seeks Enlightenment • • Siddhartha Gautama founded Buddhism. He was locked in his palace by his father to fulfill a prophecy of him becoming a great king. He finally left the palace and understood that only religion offers freedom from the cycle of birth and death. He wandered through the forests of India for 6 years to find enlightenment. After 49 days of meditation under a fig tree he achieved an understanding of the causes of suffering in the world. From then on he became known as Buddha, or “Enlightened One.” Origins & Beliefs of Buddhism • In his first sermon, Buddha outlined the Four Noble Truths of his faith: – First Noble Truth: Life is filled with suffering & sorrow – Second Noble Truth: The Cause of all suffering is people’s selfish desire for the temporary pleasures of this world – Third Noble Truth: The way to end all suffering is to end all desire – Fourth Noble Truth: The way to overcome such desires and attain enlightenment is to follow the Eightfold Path, which is called the Middle Way between desires & denial. The Eightfold Path • “What is the Middle Way? It is the Noble Eightfold Path – Right Views, Right Resolve, Right Speech, Right Conduct, Right Livlihood, Right Effort, Right Mindfulness, and Right Concentration. This is the Middle Way.” • Buddha, from Samyutta Nikaya Dharma Wheel, often used to symbolize the Eightfold Path Origins & Beliefs of Buddhism • Like Hinduism, Buddha accepted reincarnation • He shared the concept of enlightenment by a belief in nirvana, or a release from selfishness and pain. • The final goals of both Hinduism and Buddhism are similar – both involve a perfect state of understanding and a break from the chain of reincarnation.