Download Name: Date: Earth and Environmental FINAL Study Guide What is a

Name:______________________________________
Date:____________________________
Earth and Environmental FINAL Study Guide
1. What is a mineral? What are the 5 characteristics of a mineral?
2. Define the 6 main characteristics to classify minerals.
3. Differentiate between fracture and cleavage. Give an example of a mineral for each one.
4. Define the Moh’s hardness scale and indicate which number corresponds with each type of hardness
test.
5. What is the difference between rocks and minerals?
6. Define igneous rock . What are the 2 types of igneous rock?
7. How can we classify the texture of igneous rock?
8. How can we classify the crystals?
9. Define metaphoric rock. How can we classify metamorphic rock?
10. Define sedimentary rock.
11. Define the following processes:
a. erosion
b. deposition
c. compaction
d. cementation
12. Describe the three types of sedimentary rocks:
a. clastic
b. organic
c. chemical
13. Draw and describe the rock cycle. Make sure to include all steps.
14. Draw and describe what happens in each layer of the Earth. (Crust, Lithosphere, Asthenosphere,
Mantle, Outer Core, Inner Core)
15. What is the Continental Drift Theory and who proposed it? Identify all of the pieces of evidence for
the theory. What is Pangaea?
16. Describe the motion of tectonic plates, specifically in regards to the mantle.
17. Describe the difference between oceanic and continental crust.
18. Name and describe the 3 types of plate boundaries. What are formed from each?
19. What is the Ring of Fire and why is it significant in geology?
20. Define and describe the following:
a. 2 types of lava –
b. pyroclastic flow
c. lava bombs
d. conduit
e. lava tubes
f. lava vents
g. fumeroles
h. volcanic ash
i. Vog
21. Identify and describe the 3 types of volcanoes. Provide an example of each.
22. Describe the following 3 types of faults:
a. Strike slip
b. Normal
c. Reverse
23. What is subduction?
24. What type of land is formed at a
a. divergent boundary
b. continental-continental crust convergent boundary
c. continental- oceanic crust convergent boundary
25. Differentiate between P-waves and S-waves.
26. Define the following:
a. focus
b. Epicenter
27. Identify and describe the different scales used to measure the severity of an earthquake.
28. What are the major gases in the atmosphere? Why are they important?
29. What is the difference between a non-renewable and renewable resource?
30. Make sure you know 2 energy sources really well!!!
31. Identify the major properties of water.
*Study powerpoint guided notes, tests, quizzes, etc.