Hawaii, Boundary Layers and Ambient
... duration of others. The hotter deeper part of the surface BL is moving at a fraction of the plate velocity and is sampled only where sheared or displaced upwards by tectonic structures and processes that upset the usual stable laminar flow. If mid-plate volcanoes are sourced in the lower half of the ...
... duration of others. The hotter deeper part of the surface BL is moving at a fraction of the plate velocity and is sampled only where sheared or displaced upwards by tectonic structures and processes that upset the usual stable laminar flow. If mid-plate volcanoes are sourced in the lower half of the ...
Magmatic Apatite: A Powerful, Yet Deceptive
... elongate). Equant apatite is generally defi ned by wellformed crystal faces (FIG. 1), and is often easily recognized by its hexagonal shape. This habit is interpreted to have grown under near-equilibrium conditions. Less commonly, equant apatite occurs with no well-formed crystal faces as an interst ...
... elongate). Equant apatite is generally defi ned by wellformed crystal faces (FIG. 1), and is often easily recognized by its hexagonal shape. This habit is interpreted to have grown under near-equilibrium conditions. Less commonly, equant apatite occurs with no well-formed crystal faces as an interst ...
Garnet: Common Mineral, Uncommonly Useful
... from its place in the deep Earth, up through the crust, The dark red crystals that frequently adorn common and to its applications in society. Wood, Kiseeva, and Matzen begin with a discussion of the largest reservoir mica schists are garnet (FIG. 1A). The purple-red hue that of garnet in the planet ...
... from its place in the deep Earth, up through the crust, The dark red crystals that frequently adorn common and to its applications in society. Wood, Kiseeva, and Matzen begin with a discussion of the largest reservoir mica schists are garnet (FIG. 1A). The purple-red hue that of garnet in the planet ...
Geophysical and Petrological Constraints on Ocean Plate Dynamics
... This thesis investigates the formation and subsequent motion of oceanic lithospheric plates through geophysical and petrological methods. Ocean crust and lithosphere forms at mid-ocean ridges as the underlying asthenosphere rises, melts, and flows away from the ridge axis. In Chapters 2 and 3, I pre ...
... This thesis investigates the formation and subsequent motion of oceanic lithospheric plates through geophysical and petrological methods. Ocean crust and lithosphere forms at mid-ocean ridges as the underlying asthenosphere rises, melts, and flows away from the ridge axis. In Chapters 2 and 3, I pre ...
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... also our planet’s largest recycling system. They deliver raw materials to the subduction factory, where oceanic lithosphere, sediments, and seawater reequilibrate with ambient mantle, triggering melting and incidentally creating continental crust. What is not recycled in the upper few hundred kilome ...
... also our planet’s largest recycling system. They deliver raw materials to the subduction factory, where oceanic lithosphere, sediments, and seawater reequilibrate with ambient mantle, triggering melting and incidentally creating continental crust. What is not recycled in the upper few hundred kilome ...
The Eclogite Engine: Chemical geodynamics as
... and, sometimes, violations of the Second Law. It is useful to think of mantle convection as a self-consistent thermodynamic cycle or an engine, rather than as an ad hoc cycle that is driven by thermal expansion alone at constant pressure (Appendix). The mantle is a machine that converts energy into ...
... and, sometimes, violations of the Second Law. It is useful to think of mantle convection as a self-consistent thermodynamic cycle or an engine, rather than as an ad hoc cycle that is driven by thermal expansion alone at constant pressure (Appendix). The mantle is a machine that converts energy into ...
KENT C. CONDIE
... and graduate students in the Earth Sciences. The rapid accumulation of data on plate tectonics, mantle evolution, and the origin of continents in the last decade has necessitated continued updating of the course. The book is written for an advanced undergraduate or graduate student, and it assumes a ...
... and graduate students in the Earth Sciences. The rapid accumulation of data on plate tectonics, mantle evolution, and the origin of continents in the last decade has necessitated continued updating of the course. The book is written for an advanced undergraduate or graduate student, and it assumes a ...
Temporal variation in relative zircon abundance throughout Earth
... water content (Boehnke et al., 2013), the crystallisation of other silicate minerals is not, with higher pressure and lower water content generally increasing crystallisation temperatures. Consequently, in drier or deeper magmas, most silicate minerals will crystallise early relative to zircon (Kell ...
... water content (Boehnke et al., 2013), the crystallisation of other silicate minerals is not, with higher pressure and lower water content generally increasing crystallisation temperatures. Consequently, in drier or deeper magmas, most silicate minerals will crystallise early relative to zircon (Kell ...
Workshop Report - Consortium for Ocean Leadership
... opportunities to directly study fluid flow and melt fluxes above a subducting slab that are only now just being exploited. An increasingly large segment of the community working on cratonic mantle xenoliths understands these as refertilized residues, which initially underwent about 40% partial melti ...
... opportunities to directly study fluid flow and melt fluxes above a subducting slab that are only now just being exploited. An increasingly large segment of the community working on cratonic mantle xenoliths understands these as refertilized residues, which initially underwent about 40% partial melti ...
Petrogenetic evolution of Uralian-Alaskan-type mafic
... complexes from most other mafic ultramafic rock assemblages. The studied UralianAlaskan-type complexes (Nizhnii Tagil, Kytlym and Svetley Bor) belong to the southern part of a 900 km long, N–S-trending chain of similar intrusions between the Main Uralian Fault to the west and the Serov-Mauk Fault to ...
... complexes from most other mafic ultramafic rock assemblages. The studied UralianAlaskan-type complexes (Nizhnii Tagil, Kytlym and Svetley Bor) belong to the southern part of a 900 km long, N–S-trending chain of similar intrusions between the Main Uralian Fault to the west and the Serov-Mauk Fault to ...
Dynamical geochemistry of the mantle
... broader audience. This paper reviews these developments. It argues that most of the main geochemical observations may be reconciled with the geophysical Earth model, whether the Earth is chondritic or not. The refractory trace elements and their isotopes have by now been quite well reconciled with t ...
... broader audience. This paper reviews these developments. It argues that most of the main geochemical observations may be reconciled with the geophysical Earth model, whether the Earth is chondritic or not. The refractory trace elements and their isotopes have by now been quite well reconciled with t ...
An Application for European Geopark Status for the Aspiring Bakony
... The average population density in Hungary is 116 people/km2. This average in the Geopark is obviously lower (80 people/km2) because of the many tiny villages and the sparsely populated areas in the medium-height mountain range. It is to be noted that as the administrative areas of some settlements a ...
... The average population density in Hungary is 116 people/km2. This average in the Geopark is obviously lower (80 people/km2) because of the many tiny villages and the sparsely populated areas in the medium-height mountain range. It is to be noted that as the administrative areas of some settlements a ...
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... Shahr-e-Kord (the southern part of the SSZ) of metabasites, amphibolites and eclogites with mid-ocean ridge (MORB)-like compositions suggests remnants of Neo-Tethyan oceanic lithosphere (Davoudian et al. 2006, 2007), thought to be exhumed subduction zone materials. Blueschists are an important compo ...
... Shahr-e-Kord (the southern part of the SSZ) of metabasites, amphibolites and eclogites with mid-ocean ridge (MORB)-like compositions suggests remnants of Neo-Tethyan oceanic lithosphere (Davoudian et al. 2006, 2007), thought to be exhumed subduction zone materials. Blueschists are an important compo ...
Chapter 1- INTRODUCTION 1.1. Mantle Rocks This study is
... many areas. Because they are erupted rapidly, they freeze in the mineralogical and chemical signatures of their depth of origin, in contrast to peridotite massifs which tend to re-equilibrate extensively during emplacement into the crust. Most mantle xenoliths occur in continental areas but few occu ...
... many areas. Because they are erupted rapidly, they freeze in the mineralogical and chemical signatures of their depth of origin, in contrast to peridotite massifs which tend to re-equilibrate extensively during emplacement into the crust. Most mantle xenoliths occur in continental areas but few occu ...
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... from Pb isotopes, showing that the back-arc basins of the western Pacific have a generally Indian character, whereas the basins in the south (Havre Trough and Valu Fa Ridge) have a Pacific character. This difference is mirrored in the compositions of the adjacent arcs: the Kermadec arc trenchward of ...
... from Pb isotopes, showing that the back-arc basins of the western Pacific have a generally Indian character, whereas the basins in the south (Havre Trough and Valu Fa Ridge) have a Pacific character. This difference is mirrored in the compositions of the adjacent arcs: the Kermadec arc trenchward of ...
Introduction to Metamorphism
... mineralogy and/or texture (for example grain size) and often in chemical composition in a rock. ...
... mineralogy and/or texture (for example grain size) and often in chemical composition in a rock. ...
Lithostratigraphy of the Mesoproterozoic Vemork formation, central
... The Vemork formation forms a c. 2 km thick volcanic-sedimentary unit above the 1510 – 1500 Ma old Tuddal felsic volcanite formation, the oldest unit of the Mesoproterozoic Telemark supracrustals in southern Norway. It is dominated by basaltic metalavas with sedimentary interunits of variable thickne ...
... The Vemork formation forms a c. 2 km thick volcanic-sedimentary unit above the 1510 – 1500 Ma old Tuddal felsic volcanite formation, the oldest unit of the Mesoproterozoic Telemark supracrustals in southern Norway. It is dominated by basaltic metalavas with sedimentary interunits of variable thickne ...
Chapter 7
... give rise to more effective grain boundary sliding and strain localisation in the olivineorthopyroxene samples. However, higher local melt contents do not cause weakening in the ...
... give rise to more effective grain boundary sliding and strain localisation in the olivineorthopyroxene samples. However, higher local melt contents do not cause weakening in the ...
Punctuated tectonic evolution of the earth
... Proterozoic activity occurreo around 2.1 Ga [5], with a strong pulse, possibly global, at about 1.9 Ga, followed by less distinct, possibly only regional pulses [6,7]. The Phanerozoic era is defined in terms of metazoan fossils, but its tectonic style and geochemical signatures seem to be dominated ...
... Proterozoic activity occurreo around 2.1 Ga [5], with a strong pulse, possibly global, at about 1.9 Ga, followed by less distinct, possibly only regional pulses [6,7]. The Phanerozoic era is defined in terms of metazoan fossils, but its tectonic style and geochemical signatures seem to be dominated ...
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... The lower lavas of Troodos are more VAB-like than MORB-like; however, the lower lavas are clearly less HFSE-depleted and LILE-enriched than the upper lavas and hence exhibit an identical chemostratigraphic progression as other SIR ophiolites and the Marianas forearc, which yield lower lavas that mor ...
... The lower lavas of Troodos are more VAB-like than MORB-like; however, the lower lavas are clearly less HFSE-depleted and LILE-enriched than the upper lavas and hence exhibit an identical chemostratigraphic progression as other SIR ophiolites and the Marianas forearc, which yield lower lavas that mor ...
Exhumation processes - Perso-sdt
... divergent and convergent orogens. Plate tectonics can account for high-pressure metamorphism by subduction and crustal thickening, but the return of these metamorphosed crustal rocks back to the surface is a more complicated problem. In particular, we seek to know how various processes, such as norm ...
... divergent and convergent orogens. Plate tectonics can account for high-pressure metamorphism by subduction and crustal thickening, but the return of these metamorphosed crustal rocks back to the surface is a more complicated problem. In particular, we seek to know how various processes, such as norm ...
An introduction to magma dynamics Geological Society, London
... the dynamics of magma ascent, storage and differentiation are therefore biased towards this tectonic setting. It may be argued that subduction-related magmatic systems are likely to have very different petrogenetic characteristics than ocean ridge and intraplate volcanism. Firstly, the primary magma ...
... the dynamics of magma ascent, storage and differentiation are therefore biased towards this tectonic setting. It may be argued that subduction-related magmatic systems are likely to have very different petrogenetic characteristics than ocean ridge and intraplate volcanism. Firstly, the primary magma ...
Basalt
Basalt (pronounced /bəˈsɔːlt/, /ˈbæsɒlt/, /ˈbæsɔːlt/, or /ˈbeɪsɔːlt/)is a common extrusive igneous (volcanic) rock formed from the rapid cooling of basaltic lava exposed at or very near the surface of a planet or moon. Flood basalt describes the formation in a series of lava basalt flows.