Download Biology – Unit 3, Chapter 8, Sections 1 through 7

Biology – Unit 4, Chapter 10, Sections 1 through 5 – pgs 296-319; 6.g*, IE.1.k, 7.d, 7.a, 8.a, 7.3.a, 7.3.b, 8.d, 7.3.c,
8.f*, IE.1.l; 2 per page
Vocabulary
evolution
gradualism
adaptation
population
biogeography
paleontology
species
uniformitarianism
artificial selection
fitness
homologous structure
(21 total)
fossil
hybridization
heritability
phenotype
analogous structure
catastrophism
variation
natural selection
competition
vestigial structure
Comprehension Questions
1. What is a central theme in all fields of biology?
2. What did Carolus Linnaeus develop that is still in use by scientists today?
3. What idea did Gorges Louis Leclerc de Buffon propose?
4. What idea did Erasmus Darwin propose?
5. What did Lamarck say caused an organism’s behavior to change and what is this idea known as?
6. What important concepts about Earth did Hutton and Lyell agree upon?
7. What did Darwin observe among island species?
8. What adaptations did Darwin see in the finches of the Galápagos Islands?
9. What did Darwin observe that supported the idea of an ancient Earth?
10. What could account for fossils of marine organisms being found on top of modern-day mountain ranges?
11. What convinced Darwin that evolution occurs?
12. What acts as the selective agent in artificial selection?
13. What acts as the selective agent in natural selection?
14. What are some natural limits to population growth?
15. What are the four main principles to the theory of natural selection?
16. Write a sentence in your own words that summarizes each of the four principles of natural selection.
17. Describe a similarity and a difference between natural selection and artificial selection.
18. What are the only traits that natural selection can work on?
19. Describe how environmental change affected the finch population on the Galápagos Islands in the years following
the drought in 1977.
20. What four sources of evidence provided support for the idea of evolution?
21. What can be said about the relationship between where a fossil is found and how old it is?
22. What do all of Darwin’s finches have in common?
23. As embryos, what do fish, birds, reptiles, and mammals have in common?
24. What are homologous structures the result of?
25. What body part of a dolphin is homologous to the structures shown in Figure 10.11?
26. Give two examples of analogous structures found on bats and insects.
27. How do vestigial structures demonstrate a common ancestry?
28. Why is the fossil record incomplete?
29. Why are fossils such as Basilosaurus isis considered transitional fossils?
30. What can be said about cells from different species that have the same proteins?
31. Examine Figure 10.16 on page 318. Critical Viewing: Whales are divided into two groups: tooth whales, such as
the orca pictured above, and baleen whales such as the humpback whale pictured on the next page. Which would
you predict is most closely related to Durodon?
Written Answer
Write a paragraph with a minimum of six sentences to explain what you have learned in this lesson. Be sure to
include a topic sentence, four detail sentences, and a concluding sentence.