Download Name Period ______ Date Chem/Biochem Test Study Guide

Name ______________________________________ Period _____________ Date
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Chem/Biochem Test Study Guide
Complete the following questions using your newly acquired knowledge Chemistry and
Biochemistry.
1. What are the three parts of an atom?
a. protons
b. neutrons
c. electrons
2. The nucleus of an atom is made of protons and neutrons.
3. How do you calculate the mass of an atom?
Add up the sum of the protons and neutrons.
4. What is an ion?
When an atom has gained or lost electrons and is a charged atom.
5. What is an isotope?
When an atom has gained or lost neutrons.
6. What are valence electrons?
Valence electrons are on the outermost shell and are available to make bonds.
7. What is the difference between an ionic and covalent bond?
Ionic bonds are when electrons are transferred and covalent bonds are when
electrons are shared.
8. In order for a compound to be organic, it must contain carbon.
9.
10. What does pH stand for? The potential of hydrogen.
11. Label the pH scale with the following words. Acidic, Basic, Neutral.
12. If the pH of a liquid is acidic, it has a high concentration of H+ ions.
13. If the pH of a liquid is basic, it has a high concentration of OH- ions.
14. What is a buffer?
A weak acid or base that can bring a solution closer to neutral.
15. What are the three properties of water talked about in class?
a. adhesion
b. cohesion
c. surface tension
16. What are the 4 biomolecules of life?
a. Protein (People)
b. Lipid (Love)
c. Carbohydrates (Chicken)
d. Nucleic acid (Nuggets)
17. Each biomolecule has a single unit known as a monomer and a many unit
structure known as a polymer.
18. The monomer for carbohydrates is known as a monosaccharide.
19. If two monomers of carbohydrates were to bond it would make a disaccharide.
20. If three or more monomers of carbohydrates were to bond it would make a
polysaccharide.
21. Which 3 elements do carbohydrates contain?
a. Carbon
b. Hydrogen
c. Oxygen
22. For each molecule below, determine if it is a monosaccharide, a disaccharide, or
a polysaccharide: M for monosaccharide, D for disaccharide, or P for
polysaccharide
a. M - Fructose
b. P - Cellulose
c. M - Glucose
d. D - Sucrose
e. P - Glycogen
f. P - Starch
23. Describe a biological function for each of the following carbohydrates.
a. Cellulose
Found in cell walls of plants.
b. Starch
Carb storage in plants.
24. Complete these word equations
a. Glucose + glucose  Maltose
b. Glucose + fructose Sucrose
c. Monosaccharide + monosaccharide  Disaccharide
25. Briefly describe what a peptide bond is.
Covalent bond made where for every bond created, one molecule of water is
lost.
26. A monomer of protein is called an amino acid.
27. A polymer of a protein is called a polypeptide.
28. An amino acid has three parts. What are they called?
a. Amino group
b. Carboxyl group
c. R group
29. Briefly describe what happens in each structure of protein folding.
a. Primary – Chain of amino acids by peptide bonds.
b. Secondary – Hydrogen bonding and formation of alpha helix and beta
pleated sheets.
c. Tertiary – Hydrophobic and hydrophilic interactions make the protein
3D.
d. Quaternary – When a protein has multiple protein subunits. Not all
proteins do this.
30. Enzymes are catalysts. What does that mean?
They start up a reaction.
31. The substrate of an enzyme binds to the active site of the enzyme in order for a
reaction to occur.
32. What is denaturating a protein mean?
When a protein loses its shape due to change in temperature or pH and can no
longer function.
33. What can cause an enzyme to change or denature?
Extreme change in temperature or pH.
34. What are the four types of lipids?
a. Triglycerides (fats and oils)
b. Phopholipids (cell membrane)
c. Waxes (protective coating)
d. Steroids (hormones)
35. What is this difference between saturated and unsaturated fats?
Saturated fats have no double bonds and are solid and room temperature.
Unsaturated fats have at least one double bond and are liquid or soft at room
temperature.
36. What is the monomer of a nucleic acid?
Nucleotide
37. What are the two types of nucleic acids?
a. RNA
b. DNA