Download Unit 4 review questions

Unit 4 review questions
AP Biology
Chapter 11- Sexual Reproduction and Meiosis
1. Explain the relationship between genes, DNA and chromosomes.
2. Define homologous chromosome, sex chromosome and autosome.
3. What is a somatic cell? What is the generic term applied to sperm and egg cells?
4. Draw a tetrad. Explain the origin of each chromatid in the tetrad.
5. List and describe the events in meiosis.
6. How do the events of metaphase of mitosis compare to the events in metaphase I of meiosis?
Metaphase II?
7. How does meiosis maintain the ploidy level between generations?
8. How many chromosomes do the four daughter cells have after meiosis in comparison to the
cell from which they are derived?
9. How many chromatids does each chromosome have in prophase? metaphase? anapahse?
10. What is synapsis? When does it occur?
11. Discuss the ways in which genetic diversity is created through sexual reproduction.
Include independent assortment, crossing over and random fertilization.
12. What is the connection between genetic diversity and evolution?
13. What is the “Red Queen “hypothesis?
Chapter 12- Patterns of Inheritance/ Chapter 13- Chromosomes, Mapping and the Meiosis
1. How is an allele different from a gene?
2. Define homozygous, heterozygous, phenotype, and genotype.
3. What is a testcross and how is it useful?
4. Understand how to construct a Punnett square and use it to predict genotypic and phenotypic
ratios.
5. Define complete dominance, incomplete dominance, codominance, multiple alleles, pleiotropy,
epistasis, and polygenic inheritance.
6. Explain how one allele can be dominant over another at the molecular level.
7. How is a pedigree used in genetics?
8. Distinguish between recessively and dominantly inherited disorders?
9. What is chorionic villus sampling?
10. What is meant by the term linked genes?
11. Looking at progeny, how might one guess that two genes are linked?
12. What is a 3-point cross?
13. When studying linked genes, how do you explain the appearance of progeny that do not
share either parental phenotype?
14. What is a locus?
15. How can recombination data be used to map genetic loci?
16. How does a linkage map differ from an actual picture of a chromosome?
17. Describe the X-Y, X-O, and Z-W systems of sex determination.
18. What is meant by the term sex-linked gene?
19. In the X-Y system, why are sex-linked disorders more prevalent in males than females?
20. What is meant by X-inactivation and when does it occur?
21. What is a Barr body?
22. How does nondisjunction occur?
23. Define the common types of aneuploidy.
24. What is an amniocentesis?
Adapted from: http://www.horton.ednet.ns.ca/
Horton High School