Download Unit 4 – Genetics Heredity Test Study Guide Chapter 13

Unit 4 – Genetics Heredity Test Study Guide 
Chapter 13 - Meiosis and Sexual Life Cycles
1. Explain the relationship between genes, DNA and chromosomes.
2. Define homologous chromosome, sex chromosome and autosome.
3. What is a somatic cell? What is the generic term applied to sperm and egg cells?
4. Explain the differences between spermatogenesis and oogenesis.
5. Draw a tetrad. Explain the origin of each chromatid in the tetrad.
6. List and describe the events in meiosis.
7. How do the events of metaphase of mitosis compare to the events in metaphase I of
meiosis? Metaphase II?
8. How does meiosis maintain the ploidy level between generations?
9. How many chromosomes do the four daughter cells have after meiosis in comparison to the
cell from which they are derived?
10. How many chromatids does each chromosome have in prophase? metaphase? metaphase I of
meiosis?
11. What is synapsis? When does it occur?
12. Discuss the ways in which genetic diversity is created through sexual reproduction. Include
independent assortment, crossing over and random fertilization.
13. What is the connection between genetic diversity and evolution?
14. Name the stages below and place them in the correct order:
Campbell Chapter 14 - Mendel and the Gene Idea
1. Describe the four ideas which have come from Mendel's hypothesis concerning inheritance.
2. Define homozygous, heterozygous, phenotype, and genotype.
3. What is a testcross and how is it useful?
4. Understand how to construct a Punnett square and use it to predict genotypic and phenotypic
ratios.
5. Define the rule of multiplication and the rule of addition. Know how and when to use them.
6. Contrast complete dominance, incomplete dominance, codominance, multiple alleles,
pleiotropy, epistasis, and polygenic inheritance. Give an example of each.
7. Explain how one allele can be dominant over another at the molecular level.
8. How is a pedigree used in genetics?
9. Distinguish between recessively and dominantly inherited disorders?
10. Although they are used in different ways, carrier recognition, fetal testing and newborn
screening are each useful tools. Explain.
11. What is chorionic villus sampling?
12. Cross TTPP with ttpp. What is the F1 generation? If the F1 generation is crossed what are the
chances of producing the following: a) TtPp b) TTPP c) TtPP or d) ttPp?
13. What gametes can be formed from AaBB?
14. What are the possible genotypes for the blood types: A, B, AB and O?
15. Analyze the following pedigree for Cowden’s Syndrome:
a) Is this trait caused by a dominant or recessive allele? How can you tell?
b) What are the genotypes of Tom and Sue?
c) What are the chances that Jim and Kay would have another child that has Cowden’s
Syndrome?
16. What are the chances that a mating between two carriers will produce an offspring with a
recessively inherited disease?
17. What is the probability that a phenotypically normal child produced by a mating of two
heterozygotes will be a carrier?
Campbell Chapter 15 - The Chromosomal Basis of Inheritance
1. What is meant by the term linked genes?
2. Looking at progeny (offspring), how might one guess that two genes are linked?
3. When studying linked genes, how do you explain the appearance of progeny that do not share
either parental phenotype?
4. How can recombination data be used to map genetic loci?
5. Use the following recombination frequencies to create a linkage map for the following genes
on the same chromosome: j,k – 12% , j,m – 9% , k,l – 6% and l,m – 15%
6. Describe the X-Y, X-O, Z-W, and haploid-diploid systems of sex determination.
7. What is meant by the term sex-linked gene?
8. In the X-Y system, why are sex-linked disorders more prevalent in males than females?
9. What is meant by X-inactivation and when does it occur?
10. What is a Barr body?
11. How does nondisjunction occur?
12. Define the common types of aneuploidy. Give an example of a monosomy and a trisomy.
How are these disorders detected?
13. Explain deletion, duplication, inversion, and translocation alterations of chromosomes.
Labs – AP #3B, M&M Statistics, and AP #7
Understand your labs 