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MASTER COURSE OUTLINE Big Bend Community College Date: January 27, 2009 DEPT: BIOL& NO: 242 COURSE TITLE: Human Anatomy and Physiology II CIP Code: Intent Code: SIS Code: 29.9998 21 326 CREDITS: 5 Total Contact Hours Per Qtr: 77 Lecture Hours Per Qtr: 33 Lab Hours Per Qtr: 44 Other Hours Per Qtr: Distribution Designation: Math/Science Lab PREPARED BY: Barbara Jacobs COURSE DESCRIPTION: The second quarter of a two-quarter sequence. Includes the structure, function and pathology of the cardiovascular, lymphatic, respiratory, digestive, urinary and reproductive systems. Emphasis will be given to the homeostatic relationships between systems. Four hours of lab per week will be devoted to human autopsy slides, required handson experience with cat and organ dissection, and experimental procedures in cardiovascular function, and computer analysis of renal function. Lab is required for credit. PREREQUISITE(S): A minimum grade of 2.0 in BIOL& 241 or equivalent REQUIRED TEXTS: Seeley, Stevens & Tate, Anatomy and Physiology, (8th edition) WCB/McGraw Hill, 2008 RECOMMENDED CD: Anatomy & Physiology Revealed: An Interactive Cadaver Dissection Experience, by the Medical University of Ohio, version 2.0, McGraw Hill COURSE GOALS: Potential allied health professionals as well as biology majors will gain an essential understanding of the form, function and pathology of the human body. Emphasis will be on the cardiovascular, Iymphatic, respiratory, digestive, urinary and reproductive systems. Students will further refine dissection skills learned last quarter. Cat dissection is required. COURSE OBJECTIVES: Upon completion of the course the student should be able to: Locate and identify all major anatomical components of the cardiovascular, Iymphatic, respiratory, digestive, urinary and reproductive systems in human models and dissected cats. Demonstrate an understanding of the physiology of the above systems including both the chemical and neurological control mechanisms for each, drawing heavily from principles learned last quarter. Explain the pathology of the major diseases and disorders of each system. COURSE CONTENT OUTLINE: LECTURE 1. The Heart: Anatomy The student will be able to: a. describe each anatomical feature of the heart and the pericardial sac, both externally and internally. This must include the valves, layers of the heart wall, and vestigial structures from fetal development. 148083400 1 Page of 5 2. Cardiac Physiology The student will be able to: a. name and give the function of each structure involved in the generation and conduction of the electrical impulse that results in heart contraction. b. describe the histological appearance of cardiac muscle, relating each cellular structure to impulse generation and conduction. c. explain the functioning of each of the four heart valves, relating each function to the heart sounds heard with a stethoscope. d. trace the pathway of blood flow through the heart. e. explain the molecular mechanism of self-exciting impulse generation in the sinoatrial node and in myocardial tissue. Analyze reasons for any significant differences in each of these. f. differentiate between stroke volume, cardiac output, and cardiac reserve capacity. g. list and explain neural and hormonal control mechanisms for both heart rate and stroke volume. h. name, describe and give the causes for myocardial infarction, angina pectoris, congestive heart failure, cor pulmonale, degenerative heart disease, rate disturbances and arrhythmias. Analyze symptoms to determine cause. 3. Circulation: Blood Vessels, Circulatory Patterns, Disorders The student will be able to: a. differentiate between vessel types. b. differentiate between normal vessel patterns and such variations as anastomoses and portal systems. Explain the functions of such variations. c. describe the parameters by which we measure blood pressure and the causes of variation. d. name and explain all neural and hormonal mechanisms of homeostatic control of blood pressure. e. explain the pathophysiology of hypertension, arteriosclerosis, shock, and TIAs. 4. Blood: Composition, Functions, Dyscrasias The student will be able to: a. describe and give the functions of blood components, including all cells and major proteins. b. explain the role of the kidney in the homeostatic regulation of red blood cell levels. 5. The Lymphatic System The student will be able to: a. name and give functions of all components of lymphoid tissue. b. trace the flow of lymph from its formation to its return to the venous system. 6. The Respiratory System; Control and Pathology The student will be able to: a. describe and give the functions of all anatomical structures in the respiratory system. b. describe and relate the active and passive stages of breathing mechanics. c. analyze on graphs the relationship between hemoglobin saturation and arterial oxygen levels as shown by the oxygen-hemoglobin dissociation curve. Explain the significance of shifts to the left and the right. d. discuss the regulation of respiration and its relation to blood chemistry and blood pressure. e. explain the roles of the respiratory system and the kidney in the regulation of blood pH. f. explain the causes, compensations, and laboratory results associated with respiratory acidosis and alkalosis. g. name, describe and give the causes of major obstructive and restrictive pulmonary diseases. 148083400 2 Page of 5 7. Digestive Anatomy, Physiology and Disorders The student will be able to: a. describe and give the function of all structures and accessory structures of the digestive tract. b. discuss the homeostatic control of motility and secretion in the gastrointestinal tract. c. explain the chemical basis of digestion, giving major secretions and their actions. d. elaborate on the structure and function of the liver, including its role in the hepatic portal system. e. describe the major pathologies of the system. 10. The Urinary System The student will be able to: a. name, describe and give the functions of the physical components of the system. b. explain the function of each segment of the nephron in terms of filtration, reabsorption and secretion. c. discuss the roles of ADH and aldosterone in the control of reabsorption. d. discuss the role of the kidney in the regulation of blood pH. e. discuss the angiotensin pathway and the regulation of blood pressure. f. describe the pathology of major kidney diseases. 11. The Reproductive System: Anatomy The student will be able to: a. name and describe all structures in both male and female reproductive systems. b. give the functions of the above structures in reproduction, including major hormones involved. c. describe the interrelationship of these hormones as they interact in the endometrial cycle. Relate this to menstruation and fertilization. COURSE CONTENT OUTLINE: LAB 1. The Heart The student will be able to: a. perform a quality dissection on sheep and/or beef hearts. b. identify all external and internal features of the heart on beef and sheep hearts as well as on models of the human heart. c. identify normal and healthy heart structures on autopsy slides, explain the pathogenesis presented. d. explain the causes of myocardial infarctions and the methods used in angiography, angioplasty, and CABG surgery. e. explain the causes of and differentiate between degenerative heart disease, congestive heart failure, pulmonary edema and cor pulmonale. 2. The Circulatory System The student will be able to: a. dissect the injected arterial and venous systems in the embalmed cat. b. identify all major arteries and veins on human models c. explain fetal blood flow using models provided, giving all major changes that occur at or shortly after birth. 3. Cardiovascular Response and Compensation The student will be able to: 148083400 3 Page of 5 a. analyze the results of 2 experiments performed in class by groups of students: one on cardiovascular effects of exercise and one on the effects of standing (hypovolemic shock). b. define and use the concepts of pulse, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, and pulse pressure in terms of normal and compensatory responses in the above context. 4. The Respiratory System The student will be able to: a. identify pulmonary volumes and analyze results in terms of pulmonary function b. identify all major components of the respiratory system on human models c. dissect the cat respiratory system d. analyze respiratory pathology on autopsy slides 5. The Digestive System The student will be able to: a. dissect the cat digestive system b. identify all digestive structures on human models c. analyze digestive pathology on autopsy slides 7. The Urinary System The student will be able to: a. dissect the cat urinary system as well as injected sheep kidneys b. identify all portions of the nephron and urinary system structures on human models, tracing blood flow through the kidney. c. analyze urinary system pathology on autopsy slides d. perform and analyze the results of computer simulations of kidney function under conditions of varying blood and osmotic pressures, solute concentrations, afferent and efferent radii, and hormone concentrations. 8. Male and Female Reproductive Systems 35mm slides: Endometrial Cycle The student will be able to: a. dissect the cat reproductive system b. identify all reproductive structures on human models c. identify ovarian structures of the endometrial cycle on models d. explain the relationship between hormone fluctuations and the endometrial cycle. 8. Special Senses: The Eye and the Ear The student will be able to: a. Dissect the cow eye. Identify all structures in it as well in photos and models, and give the functions of each. Use this information to explain various disorders. b. Identify all structures of the middle and inner ear in models and in diagrams, and give the function of each as they relate to either hearing or equilibrium. EVALUATION METHODS: LECTURE EXAMS: Consist of the following types of questions: *Recall questions which test knowledge of facts. Example: Giving names and function of organs within a system. *Analysis questions which require students to extrapolate concepts to new situations. Example: Determining which pathological processes involving organelles studied last quarter will give rise to diseases in systems studied this quarter. 148083400 4 Page of 5 *Synthesis questions that require students to reorganize material into unique categories. Example: Given five items that are somewhat closely related, be able to combine four of them in a group that excludes the fifth. *Evaluation questions that require students to make judgments using given facts. Example: Given a set of symptoms or laboratory results, determine the disease or condition. EVALUATION METHODS/GRADING PROCEDURES: There are 6 major exams totaling 600 points: 2 lecture exams (100 points each) 1 lecture comprehensive final exam (100 points) 3 lab practical exams (100 points each) 200 point total 100 points 300 points 600 point course total The grade scale may be curved as the instructor deems necessary but usually approximates: 100 - 97% 4.0 79- 72% 2.9 - 2.0 56 - 0% 0.0 96 - 90% 3.9 - 3.5 71 - 65% 1.9 - 1.5 89 - 80% 3.4 - 3.0 64 - 57% 1.4 - 0.7 Lab is an essential part of this class and is required for credit. All lab exams are practical exams in which students rotate through 26 stations, spending 90 seconds at each. Each station presents a hands-on exhibit and two questions. Additionally, 35 mm slides may be shown for identification and/or analysis. Question types range from identification to analysis and prediction of results. PLANNED TEACHING METHODS/LEARNING STRATEGIES: x Lecture x Laboratory Supervised Clinical x Small Group Discussion x Audiovisual Individual Instruction Special Project x Other (List) dissection Dept Chair Signature 148083400 5 Page of 5