Download Goal 6: Cell Theory Review Guide

Goal 6 - Cell Theory
Science EOG Review Guide
1) Summarize the three statements of the Cell Theory.
a. All living things are composed of cells.
b. All cells come from other existing cells.
c. Cells are the basic units of structure and function in living things.
2) Describe the contribution of each scientist to the development of the Cell
Theory.
a. Robert Hooke: used one of the 1st microscopes to observe cork. Called what
he saw “cells.”
b. Anton van Leeuwenhoek: 1st to observe living cells under a microscope.
c. Matthias Schleiden: concluded that all plants are made of cells.
d. Theodor Schwann: concluded that all animals are made of cells.
e. Rudolph Virchow: stated that all cells come from cells.
3) Levels of organization in living things:
___cells___  ___tissues___  __organs____  ___systems__  __organism_
4) How are unicellular organisms and multi-cellular organisms different?
Unicellular organisms: made of one cell Multi-cellular: made of many cells
5) Compare and contrast bacteria cells with all other cells.
Prokaryotes (Bacteria)
All Cells
Eukaryotes (Protists,
Fungi, Plants, Animals)
Unicellular, NO true
nucleus or membranebound organelles
Have cytoplasm, cell
membrane, contain
genetic material
Have a true nucleus and
membrane-bound
organelles
Genetic material is in
cytoplasm
6) Complete the chart about Cell Structures and their
Functions.
Cell Part
Cell wall*
Function
Found only in plant
cells
Surrounds the cell
membrane, rigid
Cell membrane*
Controls what
enters and leaves
the cell
Controls all cell
activities; stores
hereditary
information
Region between
the nucleus and
cell membrane
Nucleus*
Cytoplasm
Mitochondrion*
Endoplasmic
Reticulum
Ribosome*
Golgi Body
“Powerhouse” of
the cell, converts
food into energy,
site of respiration
Moves molecules
within the cells
Function as the
“factories” to
produce proteins
Modifies and
packages proteins
Diagram
Jelly-like
substance
Contains most of
the organelles
Chloroplast*
Vacuole*
Lysosome
Flagellum
Cilia
Capture energy
from the sun and
turn it into food,
Site of
photosynthesis
Storage areas of
the cell; Plants
have 1 large
vacuole, Animals
many small
Digest food and
break down waste
products, Animal
cells only
Long whip-like
structure that
extends from some
organisms, used
for movement
Tiny hairs that
cover some
organisms, used
for movement
7) How are plant and animal cells alike and different?
PLANT CELLS
BOTH
Ex) Euglena,
Bacteria
Ex) Paramecium
ANIMAL CELLS
Have a cell wall
Have a nucleus
Many small vacuoles
Contain Chloroplasts: the
site of photosynthesis
Both perform cellular
respiration
Have lysosomes
One large vacuole
8) Complete the chart about Cell Processes.
Process (WHAT?)
Purpose (WHY?)
Mitosis
Cellular reproduction
(Make more cells)
Description (HOW?)
Cell Division
AKA: The Cell Cycle
Cellular Respiration
Convert energy from food
into energy the cell can
use.
Opposite of
photosynthesis.
C6H12O6 + O2 → CO2 +
H2O + Energy (as ATP)
Photosynthesis
How plants make food
6CO2 + 6H2O →
C6H12O6 + 6O2
They turn carbon dioxide
and water into oxygen
and sugar.
Diffusion
To allow molecules to
move into and out of the
cell; Passive Transport
Osmosis
Diffusion of water through
the cell membrane
Move from an area of
higher concentration to
lower concentration
The cell membrane is
selectively permeable
9) Match each diagram to the correct name and describe the identifying characteristics
of these Protists.
A
Euglena D
B
C
D
Unicellular, move using a flagellum, can make their own food and feed off other
organisms, use an eyespot to detect light.
Amoeba C
Unicellular, moves using a pseudo pod (an extension of the cytoplasm), feeds
off other organisms
Paramecium A
Unicellular, move using cilia, feeds on other organisms, have an oral
groove to obtain food, use a contractile vacuole to pump out excess water.
Volvox B
Unicellular (live in colonies), make their own food