Download Chapter 1 Cell

Chapter 1 Cell
Structure and Function
What is a Cell?
*A _________ is the basic unit of life
*All ____________________ take place inside cells.
Discovery of Cells
*______________________--first man to see cells (1663)
-looked at ___________________________
-saw ___________________ and called them cells
-never realized that cells ________________________
*_______________________
-father of ________________________ (1600’s)
-improved and developed many types of ___________
-discovered microscopic, one-celled organisms and
called them “__________________” meaning
“____________________”
* _________________________ (1838)
-stated all ____________ are made of cells
*_________________________ (1839)
-stated all _______________ are made of cells
*___________________________ (1855)
-stated all cells ________________________________
*The work of these men led to the _____________________
The Cell Theory
*The Cell Theory states:
1. All ___________________ are made of __________
2. Cells are the ____________________ of
__________________ and ________________ in
living things.
3. All cell ____________________ other __________
Eukaryotic and Prokaryotic Cells
*All cells are either ________________ or ______________
-Eukaryotic cells—complex cells ________________.
All ___________ and _________ cells are eukaryotic.
-Prokaryotic cells—simple cells _________________
____________. All ______________ and
_________________________(blue-green bacteria)
are prokaryotic.
Structure of Animal Cells—Animal cells are typical eukaryotic
cells. Most contain the following structures:
*________________________
-__________________ the cell
-Has _______________
-Controls what gets __________________
*________________________--control center of the cell
-_______________ all of the _____________________
*_____________________--gel-like material inside the cell.
*_______________________--many tiny structures inside
the cell. Each has its own _____________________
-Organelles include:
1. _____________________--“powerhouses” of
the cell because they _____________________
in food molecules to energy the cell can use to
carry out its functions.
2. _______________________________--folded
tube-like membranes that _________________
throughout the cell.
3. ___________________--small ____________
______________ found on the “er” or in the
cytoplasm.
4. _____________________--packaging centers
that ___________________________________
and send them to other parts of the cell or out of
the cell.
5. ____________________--garbage collectors
that contain _________________ used to break
down large molecules and old cell parts.
6. ___________________--sacs that ___________
____________, dissolved material or waste
products. They are ___________ in
____________________ than in animal cells.
Structure of Plant Cells—plant cells contain all the same
structures and organelles as animal cells ___________________:
*____________________--a ridged structure outside the cell
membrane made of ________________. It supports and
protects the plant cell.
*____________________--tiny disks that contain
chlorophyll. _____________________ takes place here.
*___________________________--to store water
Cell Variety
*Cells differ in __________________________________
They will not all look like the diagrams.
*Examples:
-__________________--One meter long with many
extensions: carries impulses to the brain.
- _____________________--microscopic, round and
flexible: carries oxygen throughout the body.
Structure of Bacteria Cells
*__________________ cells have _________________
and no membrane-bound organelles.
-They are ____________________
-Their parts include: ________________________
________________________________________
________________________________________
________________________________________
What are Cells Made Of?
*Cell chemistry begins with atoms:
-_________--basic units of matter
-___________--any substance that cannot be broken
down into simpler substances (made of only _____
______________)
-All known elements are listed on the
___________________________________
-The elements found in living cells include mostly,
_________________________________________
(CHNOPS)
Molecules and Compounds
*Atoms combine to form _______________.
-________________--two or more atoms bonded
together (___________________).
Examples: ___________________
*Special molecules made of different elements only are
called __________________.
Examples: ______________________
*When just the right molecules and compounds get together
in just the right way, ________ are formed.
*Compounds in living organisms are classified as either
______________ or _______________.
Organic Compounds
*___________________ contain the elements:
__________________________.
*They make up foods and cell membranes.
*Four basic groups:
1. _________________--make up _____ of a cell;
contain ____________, ____________ and
____________; used for ___________; examples
are __________ and ___________; most important
carbohydrate for living things is ____________.
2. ________________--make up ______ of a cell;
contain carbon, hydrogen and oxygen; _______
and _____________________; found in cell
membranes; examples are ____________________.
3. ________________--make up ______ of a cell;
made of ________________ that contain carbon,
hydrogen, oxygen and nitrogen; use to _________
____________ and for ______________________;
examples are ______________.
4. ________________--make up ______ of a cell;
contain carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen and
phosphorus; _________________________;
found in chromosomes, mitochondria, chloroplasts,
and nucleus; examples are ______ and _______.
Inorganic Compounds
*Most __________________________ are made from
elements other than carbon. Example: ___________
-Water makes up ____________ of your body
-_______ of a cell’s cytoplasm is water
-Many substances must be ___________________
in order to be used by cells.
Cell Transport
*The cell membrane controls what gets in and out of the cell.
This is called _____________________.
-Substances pass through _______
-The membrane is __________________________
(meaning only molecules of a certain size can get
through).
Types of Transport (Passive and Active)
*_______________________--cell uses __________
to move materials into or out of the cell.
-Two types of Passive Transport:
1. __________________
2. __________________
Diffusion
*______________ is a type of passive transport in which
molecules move from ________ to _______ concentration.
-__________ and ____________________ move into
a cell by diffusion.
-Molecules move through ____________ in the
cell membrane
-Diffusion requires _____________ from the cell.
Osmosis
*______________ is a type of passive transport in which
__________ moves from _______ to _____ concentration.
-Plants get water into their _______ by osmosis
-Osmosis also requires _____________from the cell.
Equilibrium
*Both diffusion and osmosis will continue until the
cell reaches a point where the concentrations are
_________ both inside and outside the cell. This is called
_________________.
Active Transport
*____________________--cell must ______________
to move substances in or out.
-Cell will move things from ______ to ______
concentration.
-_________________ are needed
Transporting Very Large Substances
*_________________--process used by cells to move
________________substances _______ the cell.
* ________________--process used by cells to move
________________substances _______ the cell.