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Chapter 8 Fill in the Blank 1. The Donders A reaction is also known as the _______________. 2. In a(n) _______________, each stimulus is associated with its own response. 3. In the Donders C reaction, there is (one, more than one) _______________ stimulus that is/are linked to a response. 4. The _______________ is the procedure Donders used to estimate the time of various cognitive operations. 5. A(n) _______________ variable is any uncontrolled variable that systematically covaries with an independent variable. 6. For a particular person on a particular task, there is a(n) _______________ relation between response time and accuracy. 7. Stimulus onset asynchrony refers to the _______________ between the presentation of two stimuli. 8. Early in the history of psychology, _______________ was used as a systematic way of examining one’s own consciousness. 9. The assumption of _______________ predicts that if a component of a complex cognitive process is deleted, the duration of the other components will not be altered. 10. In reaction-time experiments, the existence of a _______________ can be assessed by examining speed and accuracy between/among conditions. 11. ____________________ models explain the psychological refractory period for R2 by assuming that R1 and R2 require the same processing stage. 12. ____________________ models explain the psychological refractory period for R2 by assuming that R1 and R2 rely on the same resource called “capacity”. 13. ____________________ refers to our ability to dynamically shift attention from one aspect of a stimulus to another aspect. 14. The fact that astronomers differed in their reaction times was named _______________. 15. The ___________________ is a period during which additional cognitive activities are difficult to manage.