Download Industrial_Revolution - Miami Beach Senior High School

Industrial Revolution
Steam Power, Gasoline Power, Invention of Rapid Steel Manufacturing,
Electrical Power, Nuclear Power, Computer Assisted Manufacturing, Artificial Intel.
Effects: Excessive rapid changes = tension and stress
Causes:
1. Renaissance ideas about life in this world and humanism
2. Scientific revolution of 1600’s and 1700’s speeds up invention.
3. Agricultural revolution = machines increasing food production = + population
increase.
4. Commercial banking revolution: Expands trade and markets. This causes a great
demand for new products which = new jobs. Entrepreneurs and inventor make
large sums of money and spend it building factories and developing cheaper and
faster ways to make things: Hand-made (☼☼☼☼☼) becomes machine-made.
Society rapidly moves from farming to manufacturing.
5. Rise of Capitalism: selling for a profit creates more new wealth and millions of
new jobs, starting in England, spreading to Germany and France then to North
America.
Reasons: Population of Europe doubles because of food supplies large
population shift to cities and a skilled population of many workers are employed in
new factories in Europe and Asia
6. Natural Resources and Geography made England number 1 in industrial
Revolution. Countries with large supplies of coal. Iron ore, and many natural
harbors like England, soon join the Industrial Revolution. (Other countries are
SOL) England’s large navy and fleet of commercial ships convert to steam power,
make England number 1, in trade in the world.
7. Industrial Revolution, although slow at first in USA, quickly expands because of
democratic freedoms and USA’s huge natural resources, large immigrant
population, and inventions helps USA to catch up with Europe.
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Mr. Simon - World History
Industrial Revolution
Economic Effects: New inventions and development of factories ○Rapidly growing
industry in the 1800’s ○ Increased Production due to use of machine tools and higher
demand for steel, iron, and coal ○ Rapid growth of worldwide trade ○ Population
explosion with larger labor force, also better mechanized farming methods ○ Exploitation
of the mineral resources ○ Highly developed banking and investment system ○ Major
advances in transportation and communication, air, water, noise population
Social Effects: Long hours (up to 18) worked by adults and children ○ Doubling of
population of European and American cities ○ Poor or NO city planning ○ Loss of family
stability ○ Expansion of a new middle class ○ Very bad working conditions for workers ○
Battle between better working conditions and demand for profits ○ Improved standards of
living for some people ○ Improved sanitation ○ Creation of millions of new jobs ○ Great
government and support for technology and progress/invention
Political effects: Attempt to correct bad social conditions that take 100 + years to fix ○
Child labor laws end abuses and exploitation of children ○ Reformers demanding greater
distribution of wealth and progress ○ Growth of a world: wide organized labor union
movement ○ New economic theories to reform industrial society: isms such as
communism, socialism, utilitarianism, and utopianism ○ Reform legislation in English
Parliament and US to reform society ○ Increased polarization of American Political
parties. ○ Democratic = Labor and reform ○ Republican = wealthy, capitalism, and a
professional management class.
Mr. Simon - World History
Industrial Revolution
In 1880 - 1920: Era of Industrialization and Reform
Urbanization: + Rapid growth of population from the farms/rural area to the major cities
Industrialization: + Rapid spread of machine tools replacing human labor and growth or
large scale industrial production especially railroads and steel
Unionism: ☼☼☼☼☼ + Growth of the organized labor movement and rise of workers
political parties -> STRIKE!
Collective and Bargaining: + Negotiation between workers and owners to reach
agreement on wages, hours, and working conditions
Capitalism: + Economic system: private and corporate ownership, and corporations
control means of production to make and earn Profits.
Socialism: + Economic system: government ownership of means of production to
attempt an equal distribution of wealth= is very inefficient but private property was
allowed
Communism: + Economic and political system based on one-party political government
and total state ownership of property and means of production= undemocratic and
repressive and grossly inefficient. Found by a German man named Karl Mary
Progressivism: + Social and political movement to reform government restore economic
opportunity, correct socialism
Populism: + Late 1800’s political injustice movement seeking to advance interest of
farmers and non-skilled workers
Darwinism: Theory of natural evolution and the “survival of the fittest” through natural
selection
Social Darwinism: + Economic and social philosophy saying that unregulated
competition ensured survival of the fittest > extinction of others
Imperialism: + Policy in which a strong nation seeks to contact a weaker nation,
economically, politically, and socially.
Monopoly: + Exclusive ownership of an entire industry and the ability to control prices
eliminates competition
Mr. Simon - World History
Industrial Revolution
Date
Event
1800 J.M. Jacquard invents a mechanical loom. Alessandro Volta invents the first
electrical battery. Freidrich Winzer is the first person to patent gas lighting.
1804 Richard Trevithick of England invents the first steam powered locomotive
1810 First tin can invented by Peter Durand
1814 First photograph taken by Joseph Niépce, it took eight hours to develop due to
weak chemicals
1824 Portland Cement, the modern building material is invented
1825 Electromagnet invented by William Sturgeon in England. Modern matches
invented by John Walker
1827 Microphone invented by Charles Wheatstone
1830 Cyrus H. McCormick, an American, invents a grain reaper
1834 Henry Blair patents a corn planter: 2nd black to hold a patent in his name
1835 American John Ericson co-invents a screw propeller
1836 Revolver Pistol invented by Samuel Colt. American Telegraph invented by
Samuel Morse.
1838 Morse Code invented by Samuel Morse: American. Rubber Vulcanization
invented by Charles Goodyear: American.
1841 Stapler invented by Samuel Slocum
1844 Sewing Machine invented by Elias Howe: American
1849 Safety Pin invented by Walter Hunt. Dishwasher is invented by Joel Houghton
1857 Pullman Sleeping Car invented by George Pullman: American
1858 Internal Combustion Engine invented by Jean Lenoir
1860 Safe Elevator with break system invented by Elisha Otis
1861 Bicycle invented by Pierre Michaux. Cylinder Lock invented by Linus Yale.
Mr. Simon - World History
Industrial Revolution
Mr. Simon - World History