Download Chapter 3 Review Questions

Cell Transport Review Sheet 4.0
Part I – Label the following:
A. Carbohydrate
Chain
C. hydrophobic
(non-polar) tails
D. hydrophilic (polar
heads)
B. channel protein
E. Phospholipid
bi-layer
Part II – Fill in the blank
1. The process of diffusion causes molecules to move from (low to high or high to low)
concentrations until a state of ____equilibrium________________ is reached.
2. The diffusion of water is known as ___osmosis_______________.
3. __Facilitated______________ diffusion uses proteins to bring materials into the cell from
high to low concentration, requiring no cell energy.
4. Diffusion, osmosis and facilitated diffusion are all examples of __passive___________
transport, in which the cell does not need to use any energy.
5. During active transport molecules move from an area of _low___ concentration to an
area of ___high_________ concentration.
6. ___Exocytosis______ is a form of active transport in which the cell sends materials out
of the cell using vesicles, small storage structures that fuse to the cell membrane.
7. ____Endocytosis______ is the reverse of the process named in # 6. The cell membrane
wraps around a substance to be brought into the cell forming a vesicle around it.
8. There are two types of endocytosis: ___phagocytosis__________ which involves
bringing solids or large molecules into the cell, and ___pinocytosis_________, which
deals with bringing liquids or very small molecules into the cell.
9. In the pictures below each “X” represents a molecule of water. In each diagram indicate
which direction water will be moving (mostly in, mostly out, or equally in and out).
XXXXX
A.
XXXXX
equally in/out
XXXXX
XX
XXXXX
B. Mostly out
XXXXX
XXXXX
C. Mostly in
10. Look at each of the pictures below. Identify whether the picture represents a plant cell in
hypertonic, hypotonic or isotonic solutions.
A.hypertonic
B.isotonic
C. hypotonic
11. Look at each of the pictures below. Identify whether the picture represents a blood cell in
fresh water (small amount of solute), distilled water (100% water) or salt water (lots of
solute).
A. Fresh water
B. distilled water
C. salt water
12. Would a potato left in salt water lose or gain water? Think about what is different about
the amount of water inside and outside the cell, and what state were the potato cells
trying to reach?
Potato in fresh water was surrounded by a hypotonic (low solute/high water) environment
therefore water entered the potato from the beaker.
Potato in salt water was surrounded by a hypertonic environment (high solute/low water)
therefore water left the potato and entered the beaker.
The potato cells were trying to reach equilibrium with the surrounding solution, whether
it be salt water or just regular tap water.
13. How do facilitated diffusion and active transport differ?
Facilitated diffusion is passive (requires no energy, uses a protein, moves from high to low)
Active transport uses a protein that requires energy (moves from low to high).
14. Is osmosis an example of facilitated diffusion or active transport?
Osmosis is an example of facilitated diffusion (when entering a cell) if you consider that
water uses an aquaporin to move in or out of the cell from high to low concentrations.
The aquaporin does not require ATP (energy).
15. Why does water need a special protein channel (called an aquaporin) to move into the
cell through the phospholipid bilayer.
Water is polar (slight negative charge on one end, slight positive charge on the other).
Because water is polar it cannot pass through the non-polar lipid tails of the bilayer, so it
uses a protein to enter and exit the cell, bypassing the nonpolar tails.
16. Draw a picture of a phospholipid below and label the non-polar tails, and polar head.
17. Passive transport moves materials with/against the concentration gradient using
energy/no energy.
18. Active transport moves materials with/against the concentration gradient using energy/no
energy.
19. State how each of the molecules/ions listed below would move through the plasma
membrane (pick from: PC= protein channel or SD = simple diffusion).
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
f.
g.
Glucose
Water
Oxygen
Na+
K+
ClCO2
__PC – because too large and is polar
__PC – because is polar
__SD – small and nonpolar
__PC - polar
__PC - polar
__PC - polar
__SD – small and nonpolar