Download 6.3 Reading guide macromolecule

Biology 1
6.3 Reading Guide
The Role of Carbon Atoms
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How many electrons does a carbon atom have available for bonding in its outer energy
level?
Draw the number of bars needed to show a double bond between the following two
carbon atoms. C C
Draw the number of bars needed to show a single bond between the following two
carbon atoms. C C
Draw the number of bars needed to show a triple bond between the following two
carbon atoms. C C
What three shapes may carbon atoms form when they bond to each other?
What term describes compounds that have the same chemical formula but different
three dimensional structures?
What is the molecular formula for glucose and fructose?
List one way in which glucose and fructose are the same, and one way in which they
are different.
Molecular Chains
9.
What are large organic molecules called?
10.
How do cells build biomolecules?
11.
A ____________ is a large molecule formed when many smaller molecules bond
together.
12.
Many polymers are formed by a chemical reaction known as
__________________.
13.
In condensation reaction, the small molecules that are bonded together will remove a
–H and a –OH to form a _________________ molecule.
14.
Look at figure 6.17. What is removed from glucose? What is removed from fructose?
What do these two ions join together to form?
15.
In figure 6.17, what molecule is formed when glucose and fructose are joined together?
16.
Polymers can be broken apart by ____________________.
17.
Polymers can be formed by _________________ and broken by
__________________.
18.
In condensation, water is ____________, in hydrolysis, water is ____________.
The Structure of Carbohydrates
19.
Carbohydrates are used by cells to provide ____________.
20.
What three elements make up the biomolecule carbohydrate?
21.
What is the ratio of C:H:O in a carbohydrate molecule?
22.
What is the simplest type of carbohydrate?
24.
What molecule can be formed when two monosaccharides join together?
25.
What are the largest carbohydrates called?
26.
Polymers are made up of many ____________.
27.
Give three examples of polysaccharides.
28.
Which of the polysaccharides is used as storage units in plants?
29.
Which of the polysaccharides is used as storage units in animals?
30.
Which polysaccharide forms the cell walls of plants, providing structural support?
The Structure of Lipids
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What are lipids?
List four types of lipids?
Why are lipids insoluble in water?
What are the two subunits of a lipid?
What makes a fatty acid, saturated, unsaturated, or polyunsaturated
List three ways that cells use lipids.
The Structure of Proteins
37.
List two functions of proteins.
38.
List five elements found in proteins.
39.
What are the subunits of proteins?
40.
What are the names of bonds that link amino acids together?
41.
The ultimate three- dimensional ________________ that the protein folds into is
important
to its function.
42.
What is a protein that changes the rate of a chemical reaction?
43.
How do enzymes affect the rate of digestion?
44.
List three factors that affect the function of enzymes?
Structure of Nucleic Acids
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What is the function of a nucleic acid?
What are the subunits of a nucleic acid?
What are the three parts of a nucleotide?
Give two examples of types of nucleic acids.
What is the function of DNA?
What is the function or RNA?
Complete the following table.
Biomolecule
Carbohydrates
Lipids
Protein
Nucleic Acid
Subunits
Function
Example