Download Ch 17-19 Study Guide with embedded grid

Ch 17, 18, & 19 Earth’s Internal Processes
Study Guide
Name: _______________________ Date: _______________ Period: _______
Lesson 1: Plate Tectonics: An Overview…
1.
What is the theory of continental drift? ________________________________________
a. What was Pangaea? _____________________________________________________
b. What evidence supports the hypothesis of continental drift?
_____________________________________________________________
c.
2.
3.
4.
What do the following discoveries tell us about the original climate/location of each place?
i. Glacial erosion in India, Africa, and Australia? _____________________________
ii. Coal beds in Antarctica? _____________________________________________
What is the theory of seafloor spreading? ______________________________________
What evidence shows us that the seafloor has/is spreading?
________________________________________________________________
What is the theory of plate tectonics? __________________________________________
How do the following processes cause the lithospheric plates to move?
i. … convection currents in the mantle ______________________________________
ii. … ridge push _______________________________________________________
iii. … slab pull_________________________________________________________
Causes of Plate Movements
(Label all!)
Lesson 2: Divergent Boundaries…
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
How do plates move at a divergent boundary? ____________________________________
What geologic events/landforms occur at a divergent boundary?
______________________________________________________________________
Do the volcanoes here tend to be quiet or explosive? Why? _________________________
What is a rift valley? What happens there?
______________________________________________________________________
What is a mid-ocean ridge? What happens there?
_______________________________________________________________
What type of fault is found at divergent boundaries? ______________________________
Divergent Boundary
(Draw, label and write at least 3 examples.)
Lesson 3: Convergent Boundaries…
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
How are the plates moving at convergent boundaries? _____________________________
What type of fault is found at all convergent boundaries? __________________________
What geologic events/landforms occur at an ocean/ocean convergent boundary? List all!
______________________________________________________________________
a. What is subduction and what seafloor feature does it create?
_______________________________________________________________
b. What is a trench? _________________________________________________
c. What creates the volcanoes here? _____________________________________
d. Do the volcanoes here tend to be quiet or explosive? Why?
_______________________________________________________________
e. What are 3 examples of ocean/ocean convergent boundaries?
_______________________________________________________________
What geologic events/landforms occur at an ocean/continental convergent boundary? List all!
______________________________________________________________________
a. Where is subduction zone this type of boundary? __________________________
b. Why does the subducting plate go under? ________________________________
c. What creates the volcanoes here? _____________________________________
d. What are 3 examples of ocean/continental convergent boundaries?
_______________________________________________________________
What geologic events/landforms occur at a continental/continental convergent boundary?
______________________________________________________________________
a. Why doesn’t either plate go under? _____________________________________
b. Why are folded mountains NOT volcanic? ________________________________
c. What are 3 examples of continental/continental convergent boundaries?
_______________________________________________________________
Convergent:
Ocean/Ocean
6.
Convergent:
Ocean/Continental
Convergent:
Continental / Continental
How did the Appalachian Mountains of North Carolina form? (Computer Lab and p. 532-534.)
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
Appalachian Mtns Formation
Lesson 4: Transform Boundaries… Draw this here!
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
How do the plates at a transform boundary move? ________________________________
What geologic event occurs at a transform boundary? ____________________________
What type of fault is found at transform boundaries? _____________________________
Why are mountains or volcanoes NOT formed here? _______________________________
Where are 3 examples of transform boundaries?
______________________________________________________________________
Lesson 5: Volcanoes, Part 1 (Types of Magma and Volcanoes)…
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
What is magma? ________________________________________________________
What is the gas and silica content of the 3 types of magma? How explosive is each? Where
are each type found? (Study the chart.)
a. Basaltic _______________/___________________/_____________________
b. Andesitic ______________/___________________/_____________________
c. Rhyolitic ______________/___________________/_____________________
What is a pluton? _______________________________________________________
What and where are the following features found in a volcano? Draw and label one here 
a. vent ___________________________________________________________
b. crater __________________________________________________________
c. caldera _________________________________________________________
Study the chart entitled “Types of Volcanoes.” Describe the size and shape of each type of
volcano, state from what (lava, tephra, both) each forms, and give an example of each.
a. shield ____________________/ _______________/_____________________
b. cinder-cone _______________/________________/_____________________
c.
composite ________________/______________/__________________
Shield Cone
Cinder-Cone
Composite
Lesson 6: Volcanoes, Part 2 (Effects on the Lithosphere)…
1.
2.
What is tephra? ___________________________________ List the sizes in the margin.
What is a pyroclastic flow? ________________________________________________
How does it affect the lithosphere? __________________________________________
Atmosphere? ___________________________________________________________
3. How does each of the following volcanoes form? Give an example of each.
a. convergent boundary volcanoes ____________________________________________
b. divergent boundary volcanoes _____________________________________________
c. hot spot volcanoes ______________________________________________________
5. How do volcanoes cause tsunamis? Describe the chain of events!
______________________________________________________________________
6. What gases come out of a volcano? ___________________________________________
Hot Spot Volcano Formation…
Lesson 7: Earthquakes: Forces and Faults …
1.
2.
3.
4.
What is an earthquake? ___________________________________________________
What is stress? _________________________________________________________
a. compression ______________________________________________________
b. tension__________________________________________________________
c. shear___________________________________________________________
What is strain? __________________________________________________________
a. What happens to a rock at the elastic limit? ______________________________
b. What happens to a rock at failure?_____________________________________
What is a fault? _________________________________________________________
a. …reverse ________________________________________________________
b. …normal_________________________________________________________
c. …strike-slip______________________________________________________
Normal Fault
Reverse Fault
Strike-Slip Fault
Lesson 8: Earthquakes: Seismic Waves…
1.
2.
3.
4.
What is the focus of an earthquake? __________________________________________
…the epicenter? _________________________________________________________
What are seismic waves?__________________________________________________
a. …primary________________________________________________________
b. …secondary______________________________________________________
c. …surface________________________________________________________
What does “seismo-” mean? __________________________
What does a Travel-Time Graph show? ________________________________________
What information can you get from it? ________________________________________
Focus and Epicenter
Seismic Waves (Seismograph)
Lesson 9: Earthquakes: Measuring and Locating Earthquakes …
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
How do the following scales measure the intensity of earthquakes? What numbers are used
by each? What does each successive number represent?
a. Richter _________________________________________________________
b. Modified Mercalli _________________________________________________
How is a seismic intensity map made? _________________________________________
What produces the most catastrophic EQs?_____________________________________
How can an EQ’s epicenter be located? ________________________________________
Draw a sketch of this in the margin.
Where do most EQs occur? ________________________________________________
Lesson 10: Earthquakes: Earthquake Hazards and Seismic Risk …
1.
2.
3.
4.
Define the following EQ hazards…
a. pancaking _______________________________________________________
b. soil liquefaction___________________________________________________
c. fault scarp_______________________________________________________
d. tsunami__________________________________________________________
Which U.S. states have the highest seismic risk? (in order!) Why?
______________________________________________________________________
What is N. Carolina’s seismic risk? Plains - ________ Piedmont - _______ Mtns - ________
How are the following concepts used to predict where and when EQs will occur?
a. EQ recurrence rates ______________________________________________
b. seismic gaps______________________________________________________
Pancaking
Liquefaction
Fault Scarp
Tsunami