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B3.1e
Which of the following best describes the chemical equation shown below?
6CO2 + 6H2O
a.
b.
c.
d.
light
-----------
Chlorophyll
C6H12O6 + 6O2
Photosynthesis: proteins and oxygen are used and carbon dioxide and water are produced
Respiration: lipids and water are used and carbon dioxide and glucose are produced.
Respiration: glucose and oxygen are used and carbon dioxide and water are produced.
Photosynthesis: carbon dioxide and water are used and glucose and oxygen are produced.
B2.5e
Which statement best describes the relationship between photosynthesis and cellular respiration?
a.
b.
c.
d.
Photosynthesis and cell respiration use light energy to produce ATP.
Photosynthesis produces carbohydrates that are used to make ATP during cellular respiration.
Photosynthesis produces ATP that is used to make carbohydrates in cellular respiration.
Photosynthesis and cell respiration produce carbohydrates with high-energy bonds.
B4.2f and B2.2C
Although there are a limited number of amino acids, many different types of proteins exist because the
a.
b.
c.
d.
same amino acid can have many different properties
Size of a given amino acid can vary
Chemical composition of a given amino acid can vary
Sequence and number of amino acids is different
B2.2C
Which organic molecule is a polymer of amino acids?
a. protein
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b. carbohydrates
c. lipid
d. nucleic acid
(B2.2D, B2.5D) Milk is an important part of many people’s diets. When the word milk is mentioned, most people
think of dairy milk derived from cows. Many people, however, cannot drink dairy milk because of lactose intolerance.
Individuals with this condition are unable to digest a component in the milk called lactose. Lactose is the sugar in
dairy milk. It is a disaccharide made from the sugars glucose and galactose. Lactose-intolerant individuals lack the
enzyme lactase, which is needed for the digestion of lactose sugar. Many lactose-intolerant individuals drink soymilk
instead of dairy milk. Soymilk is produced from soybeans (the seeds of the soybean plant) and is a nutritious
substitute for dairy milk. Soymilk contains protein, calcium, and other essential nutrients just as dairy milk does.
The table below compares some of the nutrition information for a serving of dairy milk and a serving of soymilk.
Dairy Milk and Soymilk Nutrition Information
Whole Dairy Milk
8 oz. (240 ml)
Serving Size
Unsweetened Soymilk
8 oz. (240 ml)
% Daily
Value
Calories
Amount
Per Serving
150
Amount
Per Serving
%Daily
Value
Total Fat
Saturated Fat
8g
5g
12%
25%
4g
0.5 g
6%
3%
Cholesterol
35 mg
11%
0 mg.
0%
Sodium
125 mg
5%
85 mg.
4%
Total Carbohydrates
12 g
4%
4g
1%
Sugars
12 g
Protein
8g
16%
7g
14%
Vitamin A
---
6%
---
10%
Vitamin C
---
10%
---
0%
Vitamin D
---
25%
---
0%
Calcium
---
30%
30%
Iron
0%
90
1g
-----
--6%
Table A
Looking at Table A, determine which type of milk, per serving, will theoretically yield a greater
amount of ATP in the human body, and what is the reason for this?
a. soymilk, because it contains no cholesterol
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b. dairy milk, because it has larger amounts of sugar and fat
c. soymilk, because it has larger amounts of vitamins A and D
d. dairy milk, because it contains vitamin C
B2.5i
Which cell structure contains molecules that direct cell activities?
a.
b.
c.
d.
Ribosome
Nucleus
Mitochondrion
Chloroplast
B2.5h
A student places a fresh, crisp piece of celery in a beaker X, filled with tap water.
The student also places a fresh, crisp piece of celery in beaker Y, filled with concentrated salt water. The
student observes the celery and records the data in the table shown.
Time
Beaker X
Tap Water
Beaker Y
Salt Water
Before placing in
water
crisp
Crisp
After 1 hour in
water
crisp
soggy and soft
Which of the following best describes why the celery in beaker Y became soggy and soft?
a.
b.
c.
d.
Salt diffused from the salt water solution into the celery cells’ cytoplasm and caused the cells to die
Water osmosed from the celery cells into the salt water solution.
Water osmosed from the salt water solution into the celery cells.
Salt diffused from the salt water solution into the celery cells’ chloroplasts and caused photosynthesis
to stop.
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B2.4g
The illustrations below represent two different cells.
Figure 3
Which of the following statements best identifies these two cells in Fig. 3?
a.
b.
c.
d.
Cell X is a plant cell and cell Y is an animal cell
Cell X is a prokaryotic cell and cell Y is a eukaryotic cell
Cell X is an archae cell and cell Y is a eubacterial cell
Cell X is a red blood cell and cell Y is a muscle cell
B2.2C
. Glucose is a building block of carbohydrates. Which of these best describes glucose?
a. Lipid
b. Nucleotide
c. Protein
d. Monosaccharide
B2.2D
Which of these correctly matches the molecule with its function?
a.
b.
c.
d.
Enzyme – speeds up/regulates chemical reactions
Carbohydrates – manufactures cell membranes
Lipid – stores genetic information
Vitamin – supplies energy to cells
1E. ESSAY (B2.5h)
The diagram below (Fig. 4) shows a cross section of part of a cell membrane.
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Figure 4
a. Describe the basic structure of the cell membrane
b. Describe TWO primary functions of the cell membrane
c. Explain how the structure of the cell membrane allows it to perform the functions described in your
answer to part b.
*Please answer question 1E on the paper provided for essay questions.
B2.5h
The cell membrane of the red blood cell will allow water, oxygen, carbon dioxide, and glucose to pass through.
Because other substances are blocked from entering, this membrane is called
a.
b.
c.
d.
Perforated
Permeable
Semi-permeable
Non-conductive
B2.4e
Which of the following most likely happens in the cells of a person running the Boston Marathon?
a.
b.
c.
d.
The cell division rate increases to produce more muscle fibers.
The respiration rate increases to produce more ATP.
The replication rate increases to produce more DNA
The photosynthesis rate increases to produce more sugar.
B2.5f
Which molecule in plant cells first captures the radiant energy from sunlight?
a. Glucose
b. Carbon dioxide
c. Chlorophyll
d. Adenosine triphosphate (ATP)
B2.5g
A cell is observed under a microscope and found to have the following:
Nucleus
Mitochondria
Chloroplasts
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Cytoplasm
Cell membrane
Cell wall
Which of the following is the best conclusion based on these observations?
a.
b.
c.
d.
It is either an animal cell or a protist
It is not a plant cell.
It is not an animal cell.
It is either a plant cell or a bacterium.
B2.5i
Which cellular organelle is responsible for packaging the proteins that the cell secretes?
a.
b.
c.
d.
Golgi apparatus
Cytoskeleton
Cell membrane
Lysosome
B2.5h
Which cell process will move substances against a concentration gradient?
a. diffusion
b. active transport
c. facilitated diffusion
d. osmosis
diffuse across the membrane; iodine molecules are
not. If iodine reacts with starch, the starch turns
blue-black.
A semi- permeable membrane is stretched across a
funnel filled with starch solution. Figure 6 shows
the funnel inverted into a beaker containing an
iodine solution. Starch molecules are too large to
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Figure 6
B2.5h
Suppose you observe the setup in Figure 6 after
several hours. What will happen to the level and
color of the liquid inside the stem of the funnel?
a. The level will rise and the color will remain
unchanged.
c. The level will remain unchanged and the color
will turn black.
d. The level will rise and the color will turn blueblack
b. The level will fall and the color will remain
unchanged.
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(B2.5i)
Which organelle makes proteins using coded instructions that come from the nucleus?
a. Golgi apparatus
b. Vacuole
c. Mitochondria
d. Ribosome
B4.3A
The two main stages of cell division are called
a. mitosis and interphase.
b. synthesis & cytokinesis.
c. the M phase and the S phase.
d. Mitosis and cytokinesis.
B2.1C
. Cancer is a disorder in which some cells have lost the ability to control their
a.
a. size.
b. spindle fibers.
c. growth rate.
d. surface area.
. A base sequence is: ACAGTGC
How would the base sequence be coded on mRNA?
a.
b.
c.
d.
TGTCACG
GUGACAU
UGUCACG
CACUGUA
B4.1c
In guinea pigs, the allele for black fur (B) is dominant. The allele for brown fur (b) is recessive. Two guinea
pigs were crossed as shown. What is the probability that an offspring from this cross would have brown fur?
(BB x Bb)
a. 0%
b. 25%
c. 75%
d. 100%
B4.1e . Which of these describes the phenotypes of the parent guinea pigs in the cross above?
(BB x Bb)
e.
f.
g.
h.
Both parents have brown fur
Both parents have black fur
One parent has black fur, and the other parent has brown fur
One parent has a mixture of black and brown fur, and the other parent has black fur.
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2E. (ESSAY) B4.1e
A woman that is homozygous dominant for having freckles (F) and man that is heterozygous for having
freckles have a child. What is the probability that their child will have freckles? In your response, be sure to
include:




A completed Punnett square
The genotypes and phenotypes of the parents
The possible genotypes and phenotypes of the child
An explanation of how DNA determines a trait such as freckles
*Please answer question 2E on the paper provided for essay questions
B4.3e . A healthy individual is a carrier of a lethal (deadly) allele but is unaffected by it. What is the probable
genotype of this individual?
a. Two dominant normal alleles
b. One recessive lethal allele and one dominant normal allele
c. One dominant lethal allele and one recessive normal allele
B4.3A
. Which of the following BEST describes meiosis?
d. It is the first stage mitosis
e. It is carried out in all tissues that require cell replacement
f. It occurs only in cells in the reproductive structures of the organism
g. It happens in all tissues except the brain and spinal cord
5’ G T A _ _ _ A A 3’
3’ C A T G C A T T 5’
B4.3e
. The above segment of DNA has undergone a mutation in which three nucleotides have been deleted. A
repair enzyme would replace them with
a. CGT
b. GCA
c. CTG
d. GTA
B4.3B and B4.2E
Which of the following would affect an animal’s future offspring?
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b.
c.
d.
e.
nuclear radiation that causes a mutation in the animal’s sperm cells
toxic chemicals that cause a mutation in the animal’s skin cells
gamma radiation that causes a mutation in the animal’s liver cell
x-rays that cause a mutation in the animal’s nerve cells
B4.1d
Mendel’s law of segregation states that during meiosis the genes that control each trait separate and only
______from each pair is/are passed to the offspring.
f.
g.
h.
i.
the dominant trait
one gene
two genes
the recessive trait
EVOLUTION
B5.1c
. Which of the following pair is an example of homologous structures?
a. Whale pelvis, alligator leg
b. Human wisdom teeth, human tail bone
c. Fetal skeleton, cranial cavity
d. Bat wing, human arm
B5.1c
Which of the following provides the most conclusive evidence that organisms of two different
species share a common ancestor?
a.
b.
c.
d.
they reproduce at the same time
they live in the same ecosystem
they have similar DNA sequences
they have similar body movements
B5.1e
Which statement BEST summarizes natural selection?
e. fit organisms survive, reproduce and pass on their traits to offspring
f. fit organisms are stronger and enable the less fit organisms to adapt
g. all organisms survive, acquire traits and pass those traits to offspring
h. all organisms adapt to the limited resources, which makes them successful
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ORGANS AND HUMAN ORGAN SYSTEMS
B2.3d, B2.3f, B2.3e
Which system coordinates the body’s response to change in its internal and external
environments?
i. lymphatic system
j. nervous system
k. excretory system
l. reproductive system
B2.3d
What is the function of the central nervous system?
m. to relay information
n. to receive information
o. to analyze information
p. all of the above
B2.3d
Which type of tissue provides support for the body?
q. epithelial
r. connective
s. nerve
t. muscle
B2.3d
Which of the following is NOT a blood type found in the human population?
u. A+
v. B-w. AC+
x. OB2.3d
The main function of the skull is to
y. produce blood cells.
z. protect the heart and lungs.
aa. protect the brain.
bb. act like a lever for muscle attachment.
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B2.3f, B2.3e
Which of the following organs removes extra water from the blood to keep the amount of fluid in
the bloodstream at the proper level?
cc. kidneys
dd. liver
ee. pancreas
ff. stomach
B2.3d
Which of the following is a correct order in which air moves through the human respiratory system
when a person inhales?
gg. nose, larynx, trachea, pharynx, bronchi, lungs
hh. nose, pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi, lungs
ii. pharynx, bronchi, nose, larynx, trachea, lungs
jj. pharynx, nose, trachea, bronchi, larynx, lungs
B2.3f, B2.3d
The respiratory system depends on the nervous system for signals to
kk. enhance the amount of available oxygen in the lungs
ll. coordinate muscles controlling breathing
mm.
release enzymes to increase the exchange of gases
nn. exchange gases with the circulatory
B2.3d
Which of the following is NOT typically transported by the blood?
oo. Nutrients
pp. Glucose
qq. Bacteria
rr. Oxygen
B2.3d
The most important function of the skin is
ss. protection
tt. storing fat
uu. sweating
vv. insulation
B2.3d
What two layers make up skin?
ww.
keratin and dermis
xx. epidermis and melanin
yy. epidermis and dermis
zz. melanin and keratin
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B2.3d
What structure serves as a passageway for both air and food?
aaa.
trachea
bbb.
esophagus
ccc.
bronchus
ddd.
pharynx
B2.3d
Which of the following correctly describes the relationship between the digestive and circulatory
systems?
eee.
the digestive system extracts nutrients from food, and the circulatory system
delivers these nutrients to cells
fff. the digestive system moves food to the intestine, and the circulatory system moistens
the food for digestion
ggg.
the digestive system secretes acids, and the circulatory system delivers these
acids to cells
hhh.
the digestive system signals the intestines to transport nutrients, and the
circulatory system absorbs oxygen from these nutrients
B2.3d
Which endocrine gland secretes sex hormones?
iii. Adrenal medulla
jjj. Testis
kkk.
Hypothalamus
lll. Pituitary
B2.6a, B2.3f
The fight-or-flight response includes greater heart output and a rise in blood pressure.
This response is due to
mmm.
nnn.
ooo.
ppp.
Insulin secreted by the pancreas.
Thyroxine secreted by the thyroid gland.
Adrenaline secreted by the adrenal glands.
Oxytocin secreted by the pituitary gland.
B2.3e
During exercise, human body temperature increases. How does the human body react to return
its temperature to a normal level?
qqq.
the heart beats more slowly
rrr. the blood vessels constrict
sss.
the sweat glands produce more sweat
ttt. the excretory system produces more urine
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B2.6a, B2.3f
How does the human digestive system help prevent illness that could be caused by bacteria in
food?
uuu.
the stomach secretes acid
vvv.
the gall bladder secretes bile
www.
the pancreas secretes insulin
xxx.
the large intestine secretes water
B2.3e
What is the GREATEST danger to a patient who has had damage to the skin?
yyy.
zzz.
aaaa.
bbbb.
loss of oils produced by the skin
excessive muscle contractions in the damaged area
infections in uncovered tissues
damaged tissue entering the blood stream
B2.3e
A calorie is the amount of energy needed to
cccc.
raise the temperature of the body by 1 degree Celcius
dddd.
raise the temperature of 1 g of fat by 1 degree Celcius
eeee.
raise the temperature 1 g of water by 1 degree Celcius
ffff. none of the above
B2.2D
Substances that are needed by the body for growth, repair and maintenance are called
gggg.
enzymes
hhhh.
nutrients
iiii. ATP
jjjj. calories
B2.2D
The raw materials that the body needs for growth and repair come from
kkkk.
proteins
llll. unsaturated fats
mmmm. carbohydrates
nnnn.
water
B2.3C
Individuals with HIV sometimes contract a pneumonia infection that is rare in the rest of the
population because people with HIV
oooo.
pppp.
Are unable to fight off these pneumonia-causing organisms
Are more often exposed to these pneumonia-causing organisms
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qqqq.
Release pheromones that attract the pneumonia-causing organisms.
rrrr.
Release substances that increases the strength of the pneumonia-causing
organisms
B2.5B
What structure is common to all of the kingdoms of living organisms
ssss.
DNA
tttt. Nucleus
uuuu.
Cell Wall
vvvv.
Mitochondria
ECOLOGY AND THE ENVIRONMENT
B3.3A
Use the relationships in the food web below to answer the following question:
Which of the following is most likely to lead to an increase in the number of foxes over time?
c. a decrease in raspberry bushes
d. a decrease in owls
e. an increase in hawks
f. an increase in mountain lions
B3.3A
Use the previous food web to answer this question: According to the food web, which of these
supply energy for all the others:
wwww. sparrow
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xxxx.
yyyy.
zzzz.
mountain lion
raspberry bush
rabbit
B3.2C, B3.3A
3E. (ESSAY) Use the food web below to respond to this essay. Put your answer on the essay
answer sheet.
Describe the flow of energy in the wetland food web. In your response, be sure to
a. Name the biotic and abiotic factors affecting the Heron
b. Identify the trophic levels of the different organisms in the wetland food web
c. Explain how the other organisms in the wetland ecosystem would be affected by the
sudden disappearance of the Heron population
B3.5f,
The graph below shows a change in a deer population in an ecosystem over time. Which term
best describes the area on the graph where the population levels off?
aaaaa.
bbbbb.
ccccc.
ddddd.
overpopulation
extinction
carrying capacity
species competition
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B3.1f
Two substances, X and Y, are used by a plant cell in a process that forms the products shown below:
Figure 1
What substances are represented by X and Y in Figure 1 above?
a. water and carbon dioxide
b. nitrogen and oxygen
c. water and oxygen
d. carbon dioxide and nitrogen
B3.1B
Which of the following best represents energy conversion during respiration?
a.
b.
c.
d.
C6H12O6 + O2  bonds broken  ATP + H2O + CO2
H2O + CO2  bonds formed  ATP
ATP + C6H12O6  bonds broken  H2O + O2 + CO2
H2O + CO2  bonds formed  C6H12O6
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Figure 2
B2.4f
In Figure 2, between which parts of the molecule must the bonds be broken to form an ADP molecule?
a. A and B
b. B and C
c. C and D
d. all of the above
B2.4f
Look at Figure 2. All of the following are parts of an ADP molecule EXCEPT
a. structure A.
b. structure B.
c. structure C.
d. structure D.
B
Which structures shown in Figure 2 make up an ATP molecule?
a. A and B
b. A, B, and C
Rev. 1-22-13 Davis/Bassett
c. A, B, C, and D
d. C and D
Page 18
B3.1C
Which of the following are used in the overall reactions for photosynthesis?
a. carbon dioxide
c. light
b. water
d. all of the above
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