Download BI 112 VITAL VOCAB #2 Be sure to review the SCIENTIFIC

BI 112 VITAL VOCAB #2
Be sure to review the SCIENTIFIC METHOD
1. Observation
2. Problem (question)
3. Hypothesis
4. Prediction
5. Test
a. Experimental vs Control group
b. Independent vs Dependent Variable
c. Constants (Standardized variables)
d. Control
e. Replication
6. Scientific Theory (Theory of Evolution)
7. Graphs
a. Which side is independent?
b. Which side is dependent?
c. When do you use a line vs bar graph?
CHAPTER 4 – A Tour of the Cell
CELL
1.
2.
3.
4.
INTRODUCTION
Prokaryote vs Eukaryote (similarities, differences, types of organisms)
Animal vs plant (similarities, differences)
Components of Cell Theory
Types of microscopes
a. Light (Compound) Microscope
b. Transmission Electron Microscope
c. Scanning Electron Microscope
5. Surface area to Volume ratio (why is this important?)
PARTS OF THE CELL – Know the FUNCTION of each of these parts, what it’s basic
structure is (made of membrane, etc), what types of organisms it is found in
(prokaryote vs animal vs plant), and be able to identify it on a picture of a cell.
1. Cell membrane
2. Cell wall
3. Cytoplasm
4. Nucleus, nuclear envelope, DNA
5. Vesicle
6. Ribosome (free and attached)
7. Endoplasmic reticulum (rough and smooth)
8. Golgi apparatus
9. Lysosome
10.
Vacuole
11.
Mitochondria
12.
Chloroplast
13.
Flagella
14.
Cilia
15.
Pseudopod
16.
Theory of Endosymbiosis (not a part of the cell, but know what it is and
what parts are thought to have arisen this way)
17.
Endomembrane system (which parts are connected in this way and how
are they “connected”?)
CHAPTER 5 – The Working Cell
ENERGY
1. Kinetic Energy
2. Potential Energy
3. Chemical Energy
4. Light Energy
5. Laws of Thermodynamics
a. First law
b. Second law
6. Metabolism
7. Reactions
a. Endergonic (define and give an example)
b. Exergonic (define and give an example)
c. Substrate / Reactant
d. Product
e. Coupled Reactions (endergonic + exergonic)
8. ATP / ADP
ENZYMES
9. Catalyst
10.
Substrate
11.
Activation Energy
12.
“Lock and Key”
13.
Active site
14.
Cofactor
15.
Coenzyme
16.
Competitive / Non-competitive Inhibitor
17.
Denature
18.
How these things affect enzyme reaction rate:
a. pH
b. Temperature
c. Salt
d. Enzyme concentration
e. Substrate concentration
MEMBRANE STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION
19.
Phospholipid (how does the structure of phospholipids cause cell
membranes to form the way they do?)
a. hydrophilic heads
b. hydrophobic tails
20.
Fluid Mosaic Model
21.
Membrane proteins
a. Adhesion
b. ID tags
c. Membrane-associated enzymes
d. Signal-transduction (sending signals inside a cell)
e. Transport
22.
Selectively permeable
a. what is the membrane permeable to?
23.
Passive Transport
a. diffusion
b. facilitated diffusion
c. osmosis
i. osmoregulation
ii. hypotonic solution
1. cell lysis
2. turgid
iii. hypertonic solution
1. shrivel
2. plasmolysis
iv. isotonic solution
v. be able to do osmosis problems like we did in class and are in
your lab!!
24.
Active Transport
a. Endocytosis
b. Exocytosis
c. anything against the concentration gradient (low to high concentration)
CHAPTER 6 – How Cells Harvest Chemical Energy
PHOTOSYNTHESIS
1. Organisms it occurs in
2. Where it occurs in the cell
3. Summary equation
CELLULAR RESPIRATION
1. Organisms it occurs in
2. Summary equation
3. BE ABLE TO SUMMARIZE WHAT HAPPENS IN EACH OF THE STAGES OF
CELLULAR RESPIRATION!!
4. Glycolysis
a. Where it occurs in the cell
b. What goes in (reactants)
c. What comes out (products)
d. Net yield of energy in various forms
5. Citric Acid Cycle
a. Where it occurs in the cell
b. What goes in (reactants)
c. What comes out (products)
d. Net yield of energy in various forms
6. Electron Transport Chain / Oxidative Phosphorylation
a. Where it occurs in the cell
b. What goes in (reactants)
c. What comes out (products)
d. H+ gradient
e. ATP Synthase
f. Net yield of energy in various forms
7. Role of NAD+/NADH and FAD+/FADH2
8. Role of ADP / ATP
9. Aerobic Respiration
10.
Anaerobic Respiration
a. Lactic Acid Fermentation
b. Alcohol Fermentation
11.
Use of food molecules other than glucose