* Your assessment is very important for improving the workof artificial intelligence, which forms the content of this project
Download Intro to Genetics PowerPoint Notes
Y chromosome wikipedia , lookup
Behavioural genetics wikipedia , lookup
Public health genomics wikipedia , lookup
Human genetic variation wikipedia , lookup
Minimal genome wikipedia , lookup
Vectors in gene therapy wikipedia , lookup
Gene expression profiling wikipedia , lookup
Polycomb Group Proteins and Cancer wikipedia , lookup
Genome evolution wikipedia , lookup
Heritability of IQ wikipedia , lookup
Gene expression programming wikipedia , lookup
Population genetics wikipedia , lookup
Biology and consumer behaviour wikipedia , lookup
Epigenetics of human development wikipedia , lookup
Site-specific recombinase technology wikipedia , lookup
Artificial gene synthesis wikipedia , lookup
Genetic drift wikipedia , lookup
Genetic engineering wikipedia , lookup
X-inactivation wikipedia , lookup
Genomic imprinting wikipedia , lookup
Hardy–Weinberg principle wikipedia , lookup
History of genetic engineering wikipedia , lookup
Genome (book) wikipedia , lookup
Quantitative trait locus wikipedia , lookup
Designer baby wikipedia , lookup
Disease #___ Intro to Genetics PowerPoint Notes Integrated Science 2 Name: Per. I. Early Ideas About Heredity A. The Theory of Each parent contributes factors that Example: A short plant crossed with a tall plant would produce a medium size plant B. Gregor Mendel Born in Worked as a teacher and performed research on the in Czech Republic C. Genetics The Scientific study of _________________ D. Mendel’s Experiment 1. Procedure: a. purebred b. Use pea plants with for the same Traits include: 2. Results: a. The generation had the traits of only b. The generation’s traits did of the parents blend. 3. Conclusions: a. Individual factors, which do not blend, control each trait of a living thing. These factors are called . b. The different forms of a gene are called . For example, the gene for plant height occurs in c. Some alleles are ____ and form , while others are The effects of a dominant allele are seen even if the recessive allele is present. The effects of a recessive allele are only seen if a dominant allele is NOT present. . II. Using Genetic Vocabulary A. Defining Terms: 1. is organized into . There are chromosomes (46 total) in a human cells ( 2. of ) are small segments of DNA present on chromosomes that code for a particular . are found on one chromosome. -The estimated # of genes in the human genome is between 30,000 and 35,000 3. Genes code for , ultimately resulting in the expression of (characteristics). 4. Genes come in different forms called or . Alleles are either . 5. Organisms that have two identical alleles for a particular trait are . AA, aa 6. Organisms that have two different alleles for the same trait are 7. The .Aa (genetic make-up) for a particular trait determines the (physical characteristic). III. A Simple Example The organisms in our fictional example have pair of chromosomes per body cell. A gene on the chromosome codes for either or flower color. P1 (parental) Generation Male: Female: Genotype: Phenotype: To prepare for mating, special cells called . Gametes cells are must form. The process used to make gametes is called (containing only one homologous chromosome per pair). P1 Generation Male: Female: Pollen (sperm) Ovule (egg) Note: In animals, 3 of the egg cells (polar bodies) will degenerate When organisms “mate”, 1 sperm cell (or pollen grain) from dad will randomly combine with an egg cell (or ovule) from mom. These combined gametes will produce a offspring with 2 complete sets of chromosomes In this example, all of the pollen cells contain the recessive allele (d) for flower color and the ovule cells contain the dominant allele (D) for flower color. Male gamete: Pollen (sperm) Female gamete: Ovule (egg) F1 (offspring) Generation Genotype: Fertilization All offspring will be __ with _______ flowers Phenotype: IV. Punnett Squares A. A Punnett square is used to predict the __________________ of producing offspring with certain ____________________ V. Special Cases of Dominant and Recessive A. Incomplete Dominance: a genetic cross where one _______________ is not completely dominant over another Example: Red and White flowers combine to produce _______________ flowers. B. Codominance: a genetic cross where __________ alleles show up in the _______________________ for the organism Example: Red and White flowers combine to produce _____________________________ _________________ flowers C. Multiple Alleles: ______________________ that have more than one possible _________________ Example: the gene for ________________________________ comes in many different forms D. Polygenic Traits: Traits that are controlled by ________________________________ genes Example: about ______________ different genes control human skin color